Police of Russia
The Police Полиция Politsiya | |
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![]() Russian police Emblem | |
![]() Russian Police badge | |
Motto | Служа России — служу закону! By serving Russia, I serve the law! |
Agency overview | |
Formed | March 1, 2011 |
Preceding agencies | |
Employees | 904,871 (2016) |
Annual budget | 2.1 Trillion ruble (until 2014)[citation needed] |
Jurisdictional structure | |
National agency (Operations jurisdiction) | RUS |
Operations jurisdiction | RUS |
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Map of the Federal districts of Russia | |
Size | 17,075,400 km2 |
Population | 143,030,106[1] |
Legal jurisdiction | Federal law "On police" |
Governing body | Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia) |
Constituting instrument |
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General nature | |
Operational structure | |
Headquarters | Zhitnaya 6, Okhotny Ryad, Moscow |
appointment by the President of Russia responsible | |
Parent agency | MVD |
Notables | |
Anniversary |
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Website | |
https://en.mvd.ru/ |
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Politsiya (Russian: полиция, romanized: politsiya, IPA: [pɐˈlʲitsɨjə]) is the federal law-enforcement agency in Russia, operating under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It was established in 2011, replacing the Militsiya, the former police service. It is the federal police service of Russia operates according to the Law on police (Закон "о полиции"),[2] as approved by the Federal Assembly and subsequently signed into law on February 7, 2011 by then President of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Medvedev.
History
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The police force in Saint Petersburg was established as the Main Police on June 7, 1718 by decree from Peter the Great. Anton de Vieira was appointed as the first General Polizmeister.
On January 19, 1722 the Governing Senate established the Moscow Police. The Detective Department was founded in 1866 operating under the Police Department of MVD, and by 1907 similar departments had been created in other major cities of the Russian Empire, including Moscow, Kiev, Riga, Odessa, Tiflis, Baku and Rostov-on-Don. Other districts were policed by rural police or gendarmerie units.
The 3,500 strong police force of Saint Petersburg provided the main opposition to the rioting which marked the initial outbreak of the February Revolution. After the army units garrisoning the city defected, the police became the main target of the revolutionaries and a number were killed. The Police of the Russian Empire was dissolved on March 10, 1917, and on April 17 the Provisional Government established the People's Militia (Militsiya) as a new law enforcement body.
2011 Police reform
Russian police reform (Закон РФ "о полиции" (Zakon RF "O politsii" {Law on police}) is an ongoing effort initiated by former President Dmitry Medvedev to improve the efficiency of Russia's police forces, decrease corruption and improve the public image of law enforcement. On 7 February 2011, amendments were made to laws on the police force, the criminal code and the criminal procedure code. The amendments came into force on 1 March 2011. These changes stipulate a personnel cut of 20% in law enforcement, a renaming of Russian law enforcers from "militsiya" (militia) to "politsiya" (police), substantial increases in wages, centralization of financing, and several other changes. Around 217 billion rubles ($7 billion) have been allocated from the federal budget to finance the reform.
Main changes and aims of the reform
- Name change. Under the reform, the name of Russian law enforcers was changed from the Soviet-era term "militsiya" (militia) to the more universal "politsiya" (police) on 1 March 2011.[3][4]
- Personnel reduction and salary increase. The number of police officers will be reduced by 20%, dropping from 1.28 million to 1.1 million by 2012. The reduction will be accomplished via a comprehensive evaluation of all officers. The evaluation will be conducted before June 2011, and those failing the evaluation will end up losing their jobs. All officers who in the past have received administrative penalties or who have links to the criminal underworld will be fired.[5] For those officers surviving the reduction, salaries will be increased by 30%.
- Centralisation. As a result of the reform, the Russian police will be made a federal-level institution, with funding accomplished fully from the federal budget. Under the old system, police units responsible for public order and petty crimes were under the jurisdiction of regional and city authorities, financed from regional budget and responsible more to the regional governors than to the federal center.[6]
- Changes to police and detainee rights. According to the new law, the detainee will receive a right to make a telephone call within 3 hours of the detention. They will also receive the right to have a lawyer and interpreter from the moment of their detention, and police must inform the detainee of their rights and duties. The police will lose its right to carry out and demand checks of a company's financial and business activities. Police may also no longer detain a citizen for an hour just to verify his identity.[7]
Equipment
Transportation
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Russian_Police_car_Tver.jpg/200px-Russian_Police_car_Tver.jpg)
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Russian police use a number of different models of automobiles which range greatly in age and technical specification.
Patrol Cars |
Vans |
All Terrain Vehicles |
Armoured vehicles |
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Police car in Saint Petersburg
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The shorter GAZ Sobol as a police van
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Automobile-van 572060 also known as VM-4320 on Ural-4320 chassis
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Mercedes-Benz and Kamaz
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GAZelle van
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Moscow OMON Lavina-Uragan riot control vehicle
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UAZ Patriot Sport police vehicle
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OMON-automobile UAZ Hunter in Tambov
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OMON Zubr GAZ-233034 SPM-1 vehicle
Weaponry
- AK-74M
- AKS-74U
- AS Val
- OTs-14 Groza
- PP-19 Bizon
- 9A-91 carbine
- A-91 rifle
- Makarov pistol
- OTs-02 Kiparis
- PP-91 KEDR
- Saiga-12S shotgun
- MP-443 Grach pistol
- GSh-18 pistol
- PP-2000
- KS-23 shotgun
- Vityaz-SN
- CZ-75
- AEK-971
Central administration
- Criminal Police Service: Criminal Investigations Department (Russian: Уголовный розыск)
- Main Office for Criminal Investigation
- Main Office for Combating Economic and Tax Crimes (Russian:Отдел борьбы с экономическими преступлениями)
- Office for Operational Investigation Information
- Co-ordination Office of Criminal Police Service
- Main Office for Public Order Maintenance
- Main Directorate for Road Traffic Safety (Traffic police) (Russian: Государственная инспекция безопасности дорожного движения)
- Main Office of the Interior for Restricted Facilities
- Main Office of Interdepartmental Security Guard Service
- Co-ordination Office of Public Security Service
- Main Office of the Interior for Transport and Special Transportation
- Office for Passports and Visas
- External Labour Migration Department
- Legal Office
- Office for Crisis Situations
- Office for Resource Provisions
- Finance and Economy Office
- Logistical Service
- Office for Material and Technical Support
- Finance and Economy Department
- Medical Office
- Office for Communication and Automation
- Office for Capital Construction
- Co-ordination Office of Logistical Service
- General Services Office
- Independent Divisions
- Office of Affairs - the Secretariat
- Main Office for Internal Security -Internal affairs
- Control and Auditing Office
- MVD Inquiry Committee
- Forensic Expertise Center
- Main Office for Organization and Inspection
- The MVD Inspector General
- Main Office for (Special) Investigations
- Special branch
- National Central Bureau for Interpol
- Mobilization Training Office
- Main Center for Information
- Main Legal Office
- Office for International Co-operation
- Office for Information Regional Contacts
- Main office for Drug Enforcement (former FSKN)
- Main office for Migration issues (former Federal Migratory Service)
Rank insignia
The Russian Police do not use the rank of Corporal.
Private Staff | Junior Supervising Staff | ||||||
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Shoulder insignia for everyday uniform |
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Rank | Police Private | Police Junior sergeant |
Police Sergeant | Police Senior sergeant |
Police Starshina | Police Praporshchik | Police Senior praporshchik |
Medium Supervising Staff | Senior Supervising Staff | Supreme Supervising Staff | |||||||||
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Shoulder insignia for every day uniform |
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Rank | Police Junior lieutenant |
Police Lieutenant | Police Senior lieutenant |
Police Captain | Police Major | Police Lieutenant colonel |
Police Colonel | Police Major General |
Police Lieutenant General |
Police Colonel General |
General of the Police of the Russian Federation |
It should also be noted that there is a 4 star police rank, General of the Police of the Russian Federation, (Генерал полиции Российской Федерации). The rank is only newly established.
See also
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General:
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References
- ^ 2012 estimate
- ^ "Закон РФ "О полиции", N 3-ФЗ".
- ^ "Police reform: easy rebranding followed by complicated actions". Russia Today. 18 March 2011.
- ^ "Bill Backed by Kremlin Gives Police Officers 'Manna'". The Moscow Times. 23 March 2011.
- ^ "Russia's rebranded police initiated with major layoffs". Russia Today. 1 March 2011.
- ^ "Russia Profile Weekly Experts Panel: Will Police Reform Result in Name Change Only?". Russia Profile. 27 August 2010.
- ^ "Changes to the law "On police"". RIA Novosti. 2010-11-01.