William E. A. Axon

William E. A. Axon
FRSL
William E. A. Axon FRSL
Born	William Edward Armytage Axon; January 13, 1846; Chorlton-on-Medlock, Manchester, England
Died	December 27, 1913 (aged 67); Manchester, England
Occupation(s)	Librarian, antiquary, journalist
Employer	Manchester Guardian
Spouses	; Jane Woods (m. 1866; died 1899) ; Setta Lueft (m. 1899; died 1910)
Children	4

William Edward Armytage Axon FRSL (13 January 1846 – 27 December 1913) was an English librarian, antiquary and journalist for the Manchester Guardian.^[1] He contributed to the Dictionary of National Biography under his initials W. E. A. A. He was also a notable vegetarianism activist.

Biography

Axon was born in Chorlton-on-Medlock, Manchester.^[1] He was best known as an antiquary and a bibliographer, but his interests were extremely varied. As honorary secretary of the Manchester and Salford Sunday Society he took a prominent part in the agitation for the opening of the Manchester libraries on Sunday. Axon had begun life as a boy in the Manchester Reference Library, and was early drawn to literary pursuits. Later he wrote much on the folklore and historical associations of Lancashire and Cheshire, and the antiquaries of these counties made him their president. Besides this, as a member of the English Dialect Society Axon wrote many tales and sketches illustrating the dialect and customs of the county in which he lived.

Axon married Jane Woods in 1866; they had three children. After her death in 1899, he married Setta Lueft; they had one child.^[1]

Axon was also the author of Cobden as a Citizen in 1907. He published his study of Anna Jane Vardill's poem that was a sequel to Coleridge's poem Christabel in 1908. It was claimed that she had not written it but based on new evidence he was able to assure the Royal Society of Literature that the poem had been written by her.^[2] Axon's second wife died in 1910.^[1]

Axon for 30 years was on the literary staff of the Manchester Guardian, and for his general literary work was distinguished by the University of Manchester, which conferred on him the honorary degree of Master of Arts in 1913. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, an honorary LL.D. of Wilberforce University, and contributed articles to the Encyclopædia Britannica, Dictionary of National Biography, American Encyclopædia, and Notes and Queries.^[3]

Axon died at home on 27 December 1913 and was buried at St Paul's Church in Kersal, Manchester.^[1]

Vegetarianism

Axon was an ardent vegetarian and member of the Anti-Tobacco League.^[3] He has been described as a "leading figure of the vegetarian movement."^[4] He served as vice-president and honorary secretary of the Vegetarian Society,^[5] as well as treasurer.^[6] He served as president from 1911 to 1913.^{[note 1]}

Axon contributed articles on the history of vegetarianism to John Harvey Kellogg's Good Health journal. He was editor of the Vegetarian Messenger.^[7]

Axon wrote the preface for the 1884 edition of Percy Bysshe Shelley's A Vindication of Natural Diet.^[8] He also authored Shelley's Vegetarianism, in 1891.

Historian Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska has noted that "Axon abhorred cruelty to animals and the degrading work of the 'slaughterman, reeking with blood and striking to death with remorseless blows a creature that shares with him the gift of life".^[9]

Bibliography

1877: Handbook of the Public Libraries of Manchester and Salford. Manchester: Abel Heywood and Son.
1879: John Ruskin: A Bibliographical Biography.
1883: Lancashire Gleanings.
1884: Cheshire Gleanings.
1888: Stray Chapters in Literature, Folk-lore, and Archaeology.
1890: Thomas Taylor, the Platonist.
1891: Shelley's Vegetarianism.
1893: The Literature of Vegetarianism.
1897: Bygone Sussex.
1899: Echoes of Old Lancashire.
1899: Ortensio Lando, a humorist of the Renaissance on Ortensio Lando
1907: Cobden as a Citizen
1908: Anna Jane Vardill Niven

Edited works

1886: The Annals of Manchester: a chronological record from the earliest times to the end of 1885. Manchester: J. Heywood, Deansgate and Ridgefield ("The volume now offered to the public, as a revised edition of the Manchester Historical Recorder, is virtually a new work ...". - preface); electronic version
Collected sermons, 1631–1659 of Thomas Fuller, Volume 1 edited by John Eglington Bailey. Completed by William E. A. Axon (1891)^[10]
Collected sermons, 1631–1659 Volume 2 edited by John Eglington Bailey. Completed by William E. A. Axon (1891)^[11]

Contributions to the DNB

Ashworth, John
Banks, George Linnaeus
Bellot, Thomas
Bennis, George Geary
Blythe, John Dean
Bowers, George Hull
Bradberry, David
Brandwood, James
Brittain, Thomas
Brooke, Henry
Brookes, Joshua
Brotherton, Edward
Bruen, John
Butterworth, James
Calvert, Charles
Calvert, Thomas
Canne, John
Castillo, John
Caw, John Young
Clayton, John (1754–1843)
Cole, Thomas (1628–1697)
Crestadoro, Andrea

Notes

^ Calvert states that he served until 1914.^[6] However, Axon died the previous year.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Hollingworth, Brian Charles (23 September 2004). "Axon, William Edward Armytage (1846–1913), librarian and antiquary". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/57406. ISBN 9780198614128. Retrieved 9 July 2020. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ "Anna Jane Vardill © Orlando Project". orlando.cambridge.org. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
^ ^a ^b Obituary: Dr. William Edward Armytage Axon in The Times, December 30, 1913; Issue 40407; pg. 9; col B
^ Li, Chien-hui. (2019). Mobilizing Traditions in the First Wave of the British Animal Defense Movement. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 289. ISBN 978-1-137-52650-2
^ Forward, Charles W. (1898). Fifty Years of Food Reform: A History of the Vegetarian Movement in England. London: The Ideal Publishing Union. p. 164
^ ^a ^b Calvert, Samantha Jane (June 2012). Eden's Diet: Christianity and Vegetarianism 1809–2009 (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Birmingham. p. 148.
^ Dr. William E. A. Axon. Food, Home and Garden, 1899.
^ Shelley, Percy Bysshe. (1884). A Vindication of Natural Diet. London.
^ Zweiniger-Bargielowska, Ina. (2010). Managing the Body: Beauty, Health, and Fitness in Britain 1880-1939. Oxford University Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0199280520
^ Collected sermons, 1631–1659, Volume 1, edited by John Eglington Bailey. Completed by William E. A. Axon (1891)
^ Collected sermons, 1631–1659, Volume 2, edited by John Eglington Bailey. Completed by William E. A. Axon (1891)

Attribution

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "Obituary: Dr. William Edward Armytage Axon", The Times (1913)

External links

Works by William E. A. Axon at Project Gutenberg
Works by or about William Edward Armytage Axon at the Internet Archive
Works by William E. A. Axon at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
William Axon papers at the John Rylands Library, University of Manchester.

Professional and academic associations
Preceded by Ernest Frederick Letts	President of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society 1903–04	Succeeded by Henry Taylor

[7] Calvert states that he served until 1914.^[6] However, Axon died the previous year.

[:0-1] Hollingworth, Brian Charles (23 September 2004). "Axon, William Edward Armytage (1846–1913), librarian and antiquary". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/57406. ISBN 9780198614128. Retrieved 9 July 2020. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[orl-2] "Anna Jane Vardill © Orlando Project". orlando.cambridge.org. Retrieved 21 October 2018.

[The_Times-3] Obituary: Dr. William Edward Armytage Axon in The Times, December 30, 1913; Issue 40407; pg. 9; col B

[4] Li, Chien-hui. (2019). Mobilizing Traditions in the First Wave of the British Animal Defense Movement. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 289. ISBN 978-1-137-52650-2

[5] Forward, Charles W. (1898). Fifty Years of Food Reform: A History of the Vegetarian Movement in England. London: The Ideal Publishing Union. p. 164

[:2-6] Calvert, Samantha Jane (June 2012). Eden's Diet: Christianity and Vegetarianism 1809–2009 (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Birmingham. p. 148.

[8] Dr. William E. A. Axon. Food, Home and Garden, 1899.

[9] Shelley, Percy Bysshe. (1884). A Vindication of Natural Diet. London.

[10] Zweiniger-Bargielowska, Ina. (2010). Managing the Body: Beauty, Health, and Fitness in Britain 1880-1939. Oxford University Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0199280520

[11] Collected sermons, 1631–1659, Volume 1, edited by John Eglington Bailey. Completed by William E. A. Axon (1891)

[12] Collected sermons, 1631–1659, Volume 2, edited by John Eglington Bailey. Completed by William E. A. Axon (1891)

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v t e Vegetarian Society
Presidents	James Simpson (1847–1849) William Harvey (1849–1870) James Haughton (1870–1873) Francis William Newman (1873–1884) John E. B. Mayor (1884–1910) William E. A. Axon (1911–1913) Ernest Bell (1914–1933) Peter Freeman (1937–1942) W. A. Sibly (1938–1959) Gordon Latto (1960–1987) Isobel Wilson (1987–1989) Kathy Silk Maxwell G. Lee
Vice-Presidents	Edwin Arnold Edmund J. Baillie T. H. Barker Thomas Baty James Clark Edwin Collier C. H. Collyns John Davie George Dornbusch Charles W. Forward Peter Foxcroft Edward Hare William Hoyle A. O. Hume Anna Kingsford Lady Emily Lutyens Frank Merrick Edward Maitland John Malcolm W. J. Monk Isaac Pitman Henry Stephens Salt Percy Scholes Dugald Semple Lady Mount Temple W. Gibson Ward Howard Williams
Publications	The Dietetic Reformer and Vegetarian Messenger (1861–1897) What is Vegetarianism? (1886) Shelley's Vegetarianism (1891)
Related groups	Alcott House Bible Christian Church London Food Reform Society London Vegetarian Society The Vegan Society Vegetarian Federal Union
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