Chennai metropolitan area: Difference between revisions

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| name = Greater Chennai
| name = Greater Chennai
| settlement_type = [[Metropolitan Area]]
| settlement_type = [[Metropolitan Area]]
| image_skyline = Chennai metro during trail run during night.JPG
| image_skyline = Chennai_skyline.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = South Chennai Aerial View
| image_caption = Chennai skyline
| etymology =
| etymology =
| nickname = Detroit of Asia / SaaS Capital of India / Health Capital of India / Gateway of South India
| nickname = Detroit of Asia, Gateway to South India
| latd =
| latd =
| longd =
| longd =
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
Line 19: Line 19:
| seat = [[Chennai]]
| seat = [[Chennai]]
| parts_type = [[List of districts of India|Districts]]
| parts_type = [[List of districts of India|Districts]]
| parts = {{ubl|[[Chennai district|Chennai]]
| parts = {{ubl|[[Chennai district|Chennai]], [[Kancheepuram district|Kancheepuram]], [[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu]], [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]], [[Ranipet district|Ranipet]]}}
and parts of [[Kancheepuram district|Kancheepuram]], [[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu]], [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]] and [[Ranipet district|Ranipet]] districts}}
| population_metro =
| population_metro =
| population_footnotes =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="demog2017">{{cite web|title=World Urban Areas 13th Annual Edition|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|website=Demographia|date=April 2017}}</ref>(urban)
| area_urban_km2 = 426
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_total_km2 = 5904
| area_total_km2 = 5904
| population_density_km2 = 9444
| area_footnotes = <ref name="cmda home">{{cite web|title=Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority |url=http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/|website=www.cmdachennai.gov.in|publisher=Government of Tamilnadu, India|access-date=9 July 2017|language=en}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = 11422
| population_demonym = Chennaivasi, Chennaiite
| population_demonym = Chennaivasi, Chennaiite
| population_as_of = 2018
| population_as_of = 2023
| population_total = 13,100,000 (approx.)
| population_total = 11,570,000
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| population_urban = 12,395,000
| population_density_urban_km2 = <ref name="extended UA 2011">{{cite web|title=India Stats: Million plus cities in India as per Census 2011|url=http://pibmumbai.gov.in/scripts/detail.asp?releaseId=E2011IS3|website=Press Information Bureau, Mumbai|publisher=National Informatics Centre|access-date=20 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630112755/http://pibmumbai.gov.in/scripts/detail.asp?releaseId=E2011IS3|archive-date=30 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time]]
Line 38: Line 35:
| official_name =
| official_name =
| other_name = Chennai Metropolitan Area
| other_name = Chennai Metropolitan Area
| footnotes = Area Note: Area of CMA was expanded from 1189 sq.km to 5904 sq.km in 2022<ref name="cmda home">{{cite web|title=Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|url=https://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/|publisher=Government of Tamilnadu|access-date=9 July 2017|language=en}}</ref>
Population Note: Population and density correspond to the pre-expansion area<ref name="Pop">{{Cite report|title=World Urban Areas 13th Annual Edition|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|website=Demographia|date=August 2023|access-date=16 November 2023}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''Greater Chennai Metropolitan Area''', or simply the '''Chennai Metropolitan Area''' (CMA), is [[List of metropolitan areas in India|fifth-most populous]] [[metropolitan area]] in [[India]] and the 35th most populous in the world. The CMA consists of the core city of [[Chennai]], which is coterminous with the [[Chennai district]], and its [[suburbs]] in [[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]], [[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu]], [[Tiruvallur district|Thiruvallur]] and [[Ranipet district|Ranipet]] districts. The [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]] (CMDA) is the nodal agency that handles town planning and development within the metro area. In 1974, an area encompassing {{cvt|1189|km2}} around the city was designated as the metropolitan area which was subsequently expanded to {{cvt|5904|km2}} in 2022.
[[File:CMDA masterplan.jpg|thumb|200px|The [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|CMDA]] masterplan for the erstwhile unexpanded metropolitan area]]
The '''Greater Chennai Metropolitan Area''', or simply the '''Chennai Metropolitan Area''' ('''CMA'''), is fourth-most populous [[metropolitan area]] in [[India]], the 22nd-most in [[Asia]], and the 40th-most in the world. The CMA consists of the core city of [[Chennai]], which is coterminous with the [[Chennai district]], and its [[suburbs]] in [[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]] (except Uthiramerur taluk), [[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu]] (except Madurantakam and Cheyyur taluks), [[Tiruvallur district|Thiruvallur]] (except Pallipattu, RK Pet and parts of Tiruttani taluks), and [[Ranipet district|Ranipet]] (parts of Arakkonam taluk) districts. The [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]] (CMDA) is the nodal agency that handles town planning and development within the metro area.


==History==
In 1974, an area encompassing {{cvt|1189|km2}} around the city was designated as the CMA and the CMDA was designated as the authority to plan the growth of the city and the area around it. Subsequently in October 2022 the area of CMA was expanded five-fold to {{cvt|5904|km2}}.
[[File:New CMA.png|thumb|200px|Expansion plan of the CMA with old district borders]]
The metropolitan area comprised a total extent of {{convert|1189|km2|abbr=on}} declared in 1974.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/maps.html|title=CMDA map|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> In 2011, first plans to expand the metropolitan area were proposed by [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]] (CMDA) as several settlements on the outer vicinity had been undergoing rapid development and had to be incorporated under the CMDA planning strategy. While other metropolises in India had already redefined their respective metropolitan regions to include much larger areas, CMA had not been altered since it was first defined in 1974.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/final-call-on-greater-chennai-by-fiscal-year-end-395197.html |title = Final call on Greater Chennai by fiscal year-end|work=IBN Live|date=26 August 2011|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> In July 2012, the CMDA suggested two options to the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] for expanding the area with the first option including the whole of the [[Chennai district|Chennai]], seven taluks each from [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]] and [[Kancheepuram district]]s extending up to {{convert|4459|km2|abbr=on}} and the second option including the whole of Chennai, Tiruvallur and Kancheepuram districts and Arakkonam taluk extending to a total of {{convert|8878|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite news|author=C Shivakumar |url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article586493.ece |title=Chennai : Push to expand Chennai metropolitan area|publisher=New Indian Express|date=10 August 2012|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> In July 2017, the Government of Tamil Nadu announced its intention to expand the CMA to {{convert|8878|km2|abbr=on}} with the whole process expected to be completed by July 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Metropolitan Area set to expand|url=https://www.PressReader.com/India/the-Hindu/20170704/281492161339750|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|via=[[PressReader]]|date=4 July 2017|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|last1=Mariappan|first1=Julie|title=5-year wait ends, Chennai finally set for seven-fold expansion|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/5-year-wait-ends-chennai-finally-set-for-seven-fold-expansion/articleshow/59433941.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|agency=TNN|date=4 July 2017|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref>


On 22 January 2018, Government of Tamil Nadu issued a Government order to declare the intention to include additional areas in the Chennai Metropolitan Planning Area under the Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Your word matters in Chennai's expansion|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/feb/06/your-word-matters-in-chennais-expansion-1769069.html|work=The New Indian Express|date=6 February 2018|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Krishnan|first1=S |title=G.O. (Ms) No.13 |url=http://cms.tn.gov.in/sites/default/files/go/hud_e_13_2018_0.pdf|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=6 February 2018|date=22 January 2018}}</ref> As per the act, the government is required to allow reasonable opportunity (two months) for inhabitants, local authorities and institutions in the area to comment upon or object to such an expansion proposals and few objections were received including a [[Public interest litigation in India|public interest litigation]] filed at the [[Madras High Court]] in March 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971 (Tamil Nadu Act 35 of 1972)|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/tcp/acts_rules/Town_Country_Planning_Act_1971.pdf|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|date=1971}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Kabirdoss|first1=Yogesh|title=CMDA to seek public opinion on Chennai expansion, clear doubts|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/cmda-to-seek-public-opinion-on-city-expansion-clear-doubts/articleshow/63618616.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=5 April 2018|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> The plan was later modified and in October 2022, the metropolitan area was expanded to {{cvt|5904|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/government-issues-order-for-expanding-chennai-metropolitan-planning-area-to-5904-sq-km/article66041750.ece|title=Order issued for expansion of Chennai to 5,904 sq. Km; over 1,200 villages set to be added|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=21 October 2022|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref>
== Economy ==
{{Main|Economy of Chennai}}
Recent estimates of the economy of the Chennai metropolitan area (which includes the industrial zones) is over US$200 billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]] [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]), making it [[List of cities by GDP|the third most productive metro area]] of India, and the [[List of Indian cities by GDP (per capita)|third highest]] by GDP per capita. Previously, the metropolitan area didn't include the nearby industrial zones of [[Siruseri]], [[Oragadam]], and [[Sriperumbudur]], due to which the economy of these regions didn't get included in the economy of Chennai. Now, post expansion of the Chennai metropolitan area in 2022, these regions are included, and the GDP of Chennai which was previously around US$86 billion has increased drastically to over US$130 billion.


==Distribution and composition==
== Composition ==
The metropolitan area consists of four [[municipal corporation]]s ([[Greater Chennai Corporation|Greater Chennai]], [[Tambaram City Municipal Corporation|Tambaram]], [[Avadi Municipal Corporation|Avadi]], [[Kanchipuram Municipal Corporation|Kancheepuram]]) 12 municipalities ([[Arakkonam]], [[Mangadu]], [[Kundrathur]], [[Poonamallee]], [[Thiruverkadu]], [[Thiruninravur]], [[Tiruvallur]], [[Tiruttani]], [[Maraimalai Nagar]], [[Chengalpattu]], [[Ponneri]], [[Guduvancheri]]) and other smaller panchayats spread across the districts of Chennai, Thiruvallur, Kancheepuram, [[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu]] and [[Ranipet district|Ranipet]]. The planning and development is overseen by the [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]] (CMDA), a [[Tamil Nadu]] State Government organisation in charge of town in the region. CMA region has about 3,000 water bodies.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hemalatha |first=Karthikeyan |date=10 November 2012 |title=40 Chennai lakes to get a new lease of life |location=Chennai |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-10/chennai/35033557_1_chennai-lakes-water-bodies-public-spaces |archive-url=https://archive.today/2013.01.26-155144/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-10/chennai/35033557_1_chennai-lakes-water-bodies-public-spaces |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 January 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=10 Nov 2012}}</ref> CMDA has proposed to trifurcate the CMA into three zones {{ndash}} Central, North and South.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chennai Metropolitan Area to be trifurcated, will cover 5,904 sqkm |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2022/sep/28/chennai-metropolitan-area-to-be-trifurcated-will-cover-5904-sqkm-2502600.html |access-date=25 December 2022 |date=28 September 2022}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%"
The CMA is a [[metropolitan area]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] state, consisting of the state capital [[Chennai district|Chennai]] (previously known as Madras) and its satellite towns. Developed over a period of about 20 years, it consists of 4 [[municipal corporation]]s, 12 municipalities and 14 smaller town councils. The entire area is overseen by the [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]] (CMDA), a [[Tamil Nadu]] State Government organisation in charge of town planning, development, transportation and housing in the region. The CMDA was formed to address the challenges in planning and development of integrated infrastructure for the metropolitan region. The areas outside [[Greater Chennai Corporation]] ([[Chennai District]]) like [[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]], [[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu]] and [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]] have lacked organised development.
|+Chennai Metropolitan Area

! Zone
The CMA comprises the city of [[Chennai]] and its neighbourhood corporations of [[Avadi]],[[Kanchipuram]] and [[Tambaram]], 12 municipalities, 11 town panchayats and 179 village panchayats in 10 panchayat unions. The CMA has an area of 5,904 &nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>

! style="width:15em;"|District
The CMA falls in 5 Districts of the Tamil Nadu State viz. [[Chennai District]], part of [[Thiruvallur District]],part of [[Ranipet district]],part of [[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu District]] and part of [[Kancheepuram District]]. The extent of the Chennai District (covered in Chennai Municipal Corporation area) is 426&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.
! Taluk

|-
CMA region has about 3,000 water bodies, most of which have been encroached upon by real estate dealers and small communities.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hemalatha |first=Karthikeyan |date=10 November 2012 |title=40 Chennai lakes to get a new lease of life |location=Chennai |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-10/chennai/35033557_1_chennai-lakes-water-bodies-public-spaces |archive-url=https://archive.today/2013.01.26-155144/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-10/chennai/35033557_1_chennai-lakes-water-bodies-public-spaces |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 January 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=10 Nov 2012}}</ref>
|rowspan="4"|Central
|rowspan="4"|{{Formatnum:1189}}
|[[Chennai district]]
|[[Alandur taluk|Alandur]], [[Ambattur taluk|Ambattur]], [[Aminjikarai taluk|Aminjikarai]], [[Ayanavaram taluk|Ayanavaram]], [[Egmore taluk|Egmore]], [[Guindy taluk|Guindy]], [[Madhavaram taluk|Madhavaram]], [[Maduravoyal taluk|Maduravoyal]], [[Mambalam taluk|Mambalam]], [[Mylapore taluk|Mylapore]], [[Perambur taluk|Perambur]], [[Purasawalkam taluk|Purasawalkam]], [[Sholinganallur taluk|Sholinganallur]], [[Thiruvottiyur taluk|Thiruvottiyur]], [[Tondiarpet taluk|Tondiarpet]], [[Velachery taluk|Velachery]]
|-
|[[Chengalpattu district]]
|[[Pallavaram taluk|Pallavaram]], [[Tambaram taluk|Tambaram]], [[Vandalur taluk|Vandalur]]
|-
|[[Kanchipuram district]]
|[[Kundrathur taluk|Kundrathur]]
|-
|[[Tiruvallur district]]
|[[Avadi taluk|Avadi]], [[Poonamallee taluk|Poonamallee]], [[Ponneri taluk|Ponneri]]
|-
|rowspan="3"|North
|rowspan="3"|{{Formatnum:2908}}
|[[Tiruvallur district]]
|[[Gummidipoondi taluk|Gummidipoondi]], [[Poonamallee taluk|Poonamallee]], [[Ponneri taluk|Ponneri]], [[Tiruvallur taluk|Tiruvallur]], [[Tiruttani taluk|Tiruttani]], [[Uthukottai taluk|Uthukottai]]
|-
|[[Kanchipuram district]]
|[[Sriperumbudur taluk|Sriperumbudur]]
|-
|[[Ranipet district]]
|[[Arakkonam taluk|Arakkonam]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|South
|rowspan="2"|{{Formatnum:1809}}
|[[Chengalpattu district]]
|[[Chengalpattu taluk|Chengalpattu]], [[Tirukalukundram taluk|Tirukalukundram]], [[Thiruporur taluk|Thiruporur]], [[Vandalur taluk|Vandalur]]
|-
|[[Kanchipuram district]]
|[[Kundrathur taluk|Kundrathur]], [[Kanchipuram taluk|Kanchipuram]], [[Walajabad taluk|Walajabad]]
|}


== Nodal agencies ==
==Nodal agencies ==
The [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|CMDA]] regulates developments in the Chennai metropolitan area through the issuance of planning permission under section 49 of the Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act 1971.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/tcp/acts_rules/Town_Country_Planning_Act_1971.pdf |title=The Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971 (Tamil Nadu Act 35 of 1972) |publisher=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]] |access-date=1 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Aloysius Xavier Lopez |title = Challenging times for building panel |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location = Chennai|date = 10 November 2012|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/challenging-times-for-building-panel/article4082211.ece}}</ref>


{|class=wikitable
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%"
|-
|-
!Sn!!Agency!!Responsibility
!Agency
!Responsibility
|-
|-
|[[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA)]]
!1
|Urban planning, Project implementation
|[[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA)]] ||Dedicated authority for Urban planning, coordination of project implementation in the CMA
|-
|-
|Local bodies ([[Municipal Corporation]]s, [[Municipalities]] and [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]]s)
!2
|Civic management
|[[Greater Chennai Corporation]] (Madras Corporation), [[Avadi Municipal Corporation|Avadi Corporation]], [[Tambaram Municipal Corporation|Tambaram Corporation]], [[Kanchipuram Municipal Corporation|Kanchipuram Corporation]], [[Municipalities]] and [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]]s||Civic management in their area of jurisdiction
|-
|-
|[[Chennai MetroWater Supply and Sewage Board]]
!3
|Water Supply and sewerage
|[[Chennai MetroWater Supply and Sewage Board]]||Dedicated board for Water Supply & Sewerage facilities in the CMA
|-
|-
|[[Chennai Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority|Chennai Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (CUMTA)]]
!4
|Transport and transport infrastructure
|[[Chennai Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority|Chennai Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (CUMTA)]]||Dedicated unified authority working with various departments for improving transport and transport infrastructure to ensure safe and sustainable urban mobility in the CMA
|-
|-
|Highways Department <br> Tamil Nadu Road Infrastructure Development Corporation (TNRIDC) <br> Tamil Nadu Road Development Company Limited (TNRDC)
!5
|Highways Department||Implementation and maintenance of highways and other major roads
|Implementation and maintenance of highways and roads
|-
|-
|Chennai-Ennore Port Road Company Ltd (CEPRCL)
!6
|Maintenance of road connecting ports
|Tamil Nadu Road Infrastructure Development Corporation (TNRIDC)||Implementation and maintenance of highways and other major roads
|-
|-
|[[Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai)|Metropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC)]] <br> [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation|Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC)]] <br> [[State Express Transport Corporation|State Express Transport Corporation (SETC)]]
!7
|Public bus transport
|Tamil Nadu Road Development Company Limited (TNRDC)||Implementation and maintenance of highways and other major roads
|-
|-
|[[Chennai Metro Rail Limited|Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL)]]
!8
|Metro rail transport
|Chennai-Ennore Port Road Company Ltd (CEPRCL)||Maintenance of road connecting ports with other parts of city ensuring smooth movement of trucks
|-
|-
|[[Southern Railway (India)|Southern Railway (SR)]]
!9
|[[Chennai suburban railway|Suburban railway]] and [[Chennai MRTS]]
|[[Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai)|Metropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC)]], [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation|Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC)]]||Bus Transport in and around CMA
|-
|-
|Regional Transport department
!10
|Transport services (Vehicle registration and compliance, road taxes, driving licence)
|[[Chennai Metro Rail Limited|Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL)]]||Metro rail transport in the CMA
|-
|-
|Commissionerate of Road Safety
!11
|Road safety
|[[Southern Railway (India)|Southern Railway (SR)]]||[[Chennai suburban railway]] and [[Chennai MRTS]]
|-
|-
|Chennai Smart City Limited (CSCL)
!12
|Core infrastructure transformation and rejuvenation
|Regional Transport department||Providing various transport services such as registration of vehicles, fitness and compliance of vehicles, collection of road taxes, issuing driving licence, etc.
|-
|-
|[[Chennai City Traffic Police]] <br> [[Avadi Traffic Police]] <br> [[Tambaram Traffic Police]] <br> Traffic police of Tiruvallur, Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu and Ranipet districts
!13
|Traffic management
|Commissionerate of Road Safety||Responsible for road safety
|-
|-
|[[Chennai City Police]] <br> [[Avadi Police]] <br> [[Tambaram Police]] <br> District police of Tiruvallur, Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu and Ranipet districts
!14
|Crime, cyber crime and law & order management
|Chennai Smart City Limited (CSCL)||An initiative for transforming Chennai Corporation that provide core infrastructure and to rejuvenate the infrastructure
|-
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu Electricity Board|Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB)]]
!15
|Electricity generation and supply
|[[Chennai City Traffic Police]], [[Avadi Traffic Police]], [[Tambaram Traffic Police]], and district traffic police of Tiruvallur, Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu & Ranipet districts ||Traffic Management Schemes
|-
|-
!16
|[[Chennai City Police]], [[Avadi Police]], [[Tambaram Police]], and district police of Tiruvallur, Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu & Ranipet districts ||Crime, Cybercrime and Law & Order management
|-
!17
|[[Tamil Nadu Electricity Board|Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB)]] ||Electricity generation and supply
|-
!18
|Revenue Department
|Revenue Department
|Revenue administration
||Revenue Administration such as districts, taluks, revenue blocks and revenue villages
|-
|-
|Public Works Department
!19
|Public Works Department ||Implementation & Maintenance of macro drainage system
|Implementation and maintenance of macro drainage system
|-
|-
!20
|Registration Department
|Registration Department
|Land registration, stamp duties
||Registration of land, Stamp Duty, etc
|-
|-
!21
|[[Tamil Nadu Housing Board|Tamil Nadu Housing Board (TNHB)]]
|[[Tamil Nadu Housing Board|Tamil Nadu Housing Board (TNHB)]]
||Provision of plots and ready-built houses, Sites and Services schemes
|Provision of plots and houses, sites and services
|-
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu Urban Habitat Development Board|Tamil Nadu Urban Habitat Development Board (TNUDB)]]
!22
|[[Tamil Nadu Urban Habitat Development Board|Tamil Nadu Urban Habitat Development Board (TNUDB)]]||Provision of housing, infrastructure and livelihood programs in slum areas
|Housing, infrastructure and livelihood in slums
|-
|-
|[[Aavin]] Co-operative society
!23
|Milk procurement and distribution
|[[Aavin]] Co-operative society||Providing Milk through co-operative society to the people of Chennai
|-
|-
|}
|}


== Municipal corporations ==
== Economy ==
{{Main|Economy of Chennai}}
===CMA Central===
The economy of the the metropolitan area range from $78.6 to $86&nbsp;billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]] [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]), ranking it from [[List of cities by GDP|fourth- to sixth-most productive metro area]] of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global city GDP rankings 2008–2025 |url=https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562 |publisher=[[Pricewaterhouse Coopers|PwC]] |access-date=16 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504031739/https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562 |archive-date=4 May 2011}}</ref> Chennai has a broad industrial base in the automobile, computer, technology, hardware manufacturing and healthcare sectors. {{As of|2012}}, the city is India's second-largest exporter of information technology (IT) and [[business process outsourcing]] (BPO) services.<ref name="Nasscom">{{cite web |title=Chennai activities |url=http://www.nasscom.org/chennai-activities |publisher=[[NASSCOM]] |access-date=28 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116141448/http://nasscom.org/chennai-activities |archive-date=16 November 2012}}</ref><ref name="itchennai2">{{cite news |title=Chennai emerging as India's Silicon Valley? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Infotech/Software/Chennai_emerging_as_Indias_Silicon_Valley/articleshow/3000410.cms |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=1 May 2008 |access-date=28 December 2012 |first=Rajesh |last=Chandramouli |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820000027/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Infotech/Software/Chennai_emerging_as_Indias_Silicon_Valley/articleshow/3000410.cms |archive-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> A major part of India's automobile industry is located in and around the city thus earning it the nickname "[[Detroit of India]]".<ref>{{cite book |title=Business America |date=1997 |publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Aa4AAAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Devonshire">{{cite book |author=Chris Devonshire-Ellis |title=Doing Business in India |year=2012 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |isbn=978-3-642-27617-0 |page=218 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aIx9E5I9LB8C&pg=PA218}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=U.S. International Trade Commission |title=Competitive Conditions for Foreign Direct Investment in India, Staff Research Study #30 |year=2007 |publisher=DIANE Publishing |isbn=978-1-4578-1829-5 |pages=2–10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMIo-FZXCYEC&pg=SA2-PA10}}</ref> Known as the "Gateway of South India", Chennai is the third-most visited city in India by international tourists according to Euromonitor.<ref name="OT_ScorchingHot">{{cite web |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/70874/things-to-do-in-chennai |title=Scorching hot during summer and unbelievably crowded, the modern city of Chennai dipped in traditions from its Madras days never fails to surprise a traveller |last=Mohan |first=Vishnu |date=5 October 2020 |website= |publisher=Outlook Traveller |access-date=31 December 2021 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Vikas |first=S. V. |title=World Tourism Day 2018: Significance, theme and why it is observed |newspaper=One India |location=New Delhi |pages= |language= |date=27 September 2018 |url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/world-tourism-day-2018-significance-theme-why-it-is-observed-2783487.html |access-date=27 September 2018}}</ref>
#[[Greater Chennai Corporation]]
#[[Tambaram City Municipal Corporation|Tambaram Corporation]]
#[[Avadi Municipal Corporation]]
===CMA South===
#[[Kanchipuram Municipal Corporation]]
#

== Municipalities ==
#[[Arakkonam]]
#[[Mangadu]]
#[[Kundrathur]]
#[[Poonamallee]]
#[[Thiruverkadu]]
#[[Thiruninravur]]
#[[Tiruvallur]]
#[[Tiruttani]]
#[[Maraimalai Nagar]]
#[[Chengalpattu]]
#[[Ponneri]]
#[[Guduvancheri]]

== Districts ==
#[[Chennai district|Chennai]] (Complete)
#[[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu]] (Except [[Madurantakam taluk|Madurantakam]] and [[Cheyyur taluk|Cheyyur]] taluks)
#[[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]] (Except [[Uthiramerur taluk|Uthiramerur]] taluk)
#[[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]] (Except [[Pallipattu taluk|Pallipattu]], [[RK Pet taluk|RK Pet]] & parts of [[Tiruttani taluk|Tiruttani]] taluks)
#[[Ranipet district|Ranipet]] (parts of [[Arakkonam taluk|Arakkonam]] taluk)

== Taluks ==

The CMDA has proposed to trifurcate the CMA into Central, North and South.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chennai Metropolitan Area to be trifurcated, will cover 5,904 sqkm |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2022/sep/28/chennai-metropolitan-area-to-be-trifurcated-will-cover-5904-sqkm-2502600.html |access-date=25 December 2022 |date=28 September 2022}}</ref>

=== CMA Central ===

The former jurisdiction of CMA covering 1,189 sq km would be the jurisdiction the CMA Central (which spreads over the below areas):

In [[Chennai district]]
#[[Alandur taluk|Alandur]]
#[[Ambattur taluk|Ambattur]]
#[[Aminjikarai taluk|Aminjikarai]]
#[[Ayanavaram taluk|Ayanavaram]]
#[[Egmore taluk|Egmore]]
#[[Guindy taluk|Guindy]]
#[[Madhavaram taluk|Madhavaram]]
#[[Maduravoyal taluk|Maduravoyal]]
#[[Mambalam taluk|Mambalam]]
#[[Mylapore taluk|Mylapore]]
#[[Perambur taluk|Perambur]]
#[[Purasawalkam taluk|Purasawalkam]]
#[[Sholinganallur taluk|Sholinganallur]]
#[[Thiruvottiyur taluk|Thiruvottiyur]]
#[[Tondiarpet taluk|Tondiarpet]]
#[[Velachery taluk|Velachery]]

In [[Chengalpattu district]]
#[[Pallavaram taluk|Pallavaram]]
#[[Tambaram taluk|Tambaram]]
#[[Vandalur taluk|Vandalur]] (partial)

In [[Kanchipuram district]]
#[[Kundrathur taluk|Kundrathur]] (partial)

In [[Tiruvallur district]]
#[[Avadi taluk|Avadi]]
#[[Poonamallee taluk|Poonamallee]] (partial)
#[[Ponneri taluk|Ponneri]] (partial)

=== CMA North ===

The proposed CMA North will cover an area of 2,908 sq km which spread over the below areas:

In [[Tiruvallur district]]
#[[Gummidipoondi taluk|Gummidipoondi]]
#[[Poonamallee taluk|Poonamallee]] (partial)
#[[Ponneri taluk|Ponneri]] (partial)
#[[Tiruvallur taluk|Tiruvallur]]
#[[Tiruttani taluk|Tiruttani]] (partial)
#[[Uthukottai taluk|Uthukottai]]

In [[Kanchipuram district]]
#[[Sriperumbudur taluk|Sriperumbudur]]

In [[Ranipet district]]
#[[Arakkonam taluk|Arakkonam]] (partial)

=== CMA South ===

The proposed CMA South will cover an area of 1,809 sq km which spread over the below areas:

In [[Chengalpattu district]]
#[[Chengalpattu taluk|Chengalpattu]]
#[[Tirukalukundram taluk|Tirukalukundram]]
#[[Thiruporur taluk|Thiruporur]]
#[[Vandalur taluk|Vandalur]] (partial)

In [[Kanchipuram district]]
#[[Kundrathur taluk|Kundrathur]] (partial)
#[[Kanchipuram taluk|Kanchipuram]]
#[[Walajabad taluk|Walajabad]]

== Expansion ==
[[File:New CMA.png|thumb|200px|Proposed expansion of the CMA (with old district borders)]]
The [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|CMDA]] regulates developments in the Chennai metropolitan area through the issuance of planning permission under section 49 of the Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act 1971.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/tcp/acts_rules/Town_Country_Planning_Act_1971.pdf |title=The Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971 (Tamil Nadu Act 35 of 1972) |publisher=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]] |access-date=1 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author = Aloysius Xavier Lopez |title = Challenging times for building panel |newspaper = The Hindu |location = Chennai |date = 10 November 2012 |url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/challenging-times-for-building-panel/article4082211.ece}}</ref>

The first plans to expand the CMA were proposed by the CMDA in 2011. The need for expansion arose as several nearby settlements such as [[Sriperumbudur]], [[Kelambakkam]], [[Tiruvallur]] and [[Maraimalai Nagar]] had been undergoing rapid development and had to be incorporated under the CMDA planning strategy. Also, the planning bodies of other metropolises in India such as [[Bengaluru]], [[New Delhi]] and [[Hyderabad]] had already redefined their respective metropolitan regions to include much larger areas and corresponding regional planning was being done. The CMA, however, has not been altered since it was first defined in 1974. The area was limited to {{convert|1189|km2|abbr=on}} which is among the smallest in the country.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/final-call-on-greater-chennai-by-fiscal-year-end-395197.html |title = Final call on Greater Chennai by fiscal year-end |work = IBN Live |date = 26 August 2011}}</ref>

In July 2012, the CMDA suggested two options to the Government of Tamil Nadu for expanding the area:
*The first option included the whole of the Chennai district, Madhavaram, Ambattur, Poonamallee, Ponneri, Gummidipoondi, Uthukottai, and Thiruvallur taluks of the Tiruvallur district, and Alandur, Pallavaram, Tambaram, Sholinganallur, Chengalpattu, Thiruporur, and Sriperumbudur taluks of the Kancheepuram district extending up to {{convert|4459|km2|abbr=on}}.
* The second option included the whole of Chennai, Tiruvallur and Kancheepuram districts and the Arakkonam taluk of Ranipet district and extends to a total of {{convert|8878|km2|abbr=on}}.

Chief planners of the CMDA had suggested that the second option is more feasible.<ref>{{cite web|author=C Shivakumar |url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article586493.ece |title=Cities / Chennai : Push to expand Chennai metropolitan area|publisher=New Indian Express |date=2012-08-10 }}</ref> Another planning model, similar to the [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]], was also examined by the CMDA. In order to plan for balanced regional development, developing a larger road network, implementing an integrated transport plan and identifying a Chennai Mega Region had become necessary.<ref>{{cite web|author=A. Srivathsan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article2574682.ece |title=Cities / Chennai : Delhi planning model proposed for city |work=The Hindu |date=2011-10-28 |access-date=2012-11-09}}</ref>

On 3 July 2017, the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]'s minister for housing and urban development, [[Udumalai K. Radhakrishnan]] announced its intention to expand the CMA to {{convert|8878|km2|abbr=on}}. The extension will cover all of Kancheepuram and Tiruvallur districts and Arakkonam taluk of Ranipet district, as proposed in July 2012. Having completed a feasibility study, a "strategic regional plan" was now required, and completion of the whole process was expected by July 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=Metropolitan Area set to expand|url=https://www.PressReader.com/India/the-Hindu/20170704/281492161339750|work=[[The Hindu]]|via=[[PressReader]]|date=4 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mariappan|first1=Julie|title=5-year wait ends, Chennai finally set for seven-fold expansion|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/5-year-wait-ends-chennai-finally-set-for-seven-fold-expansion/articleshow/59433941.cms|work=The Times of India|agency=TNN|date=4 July 2017}}</ref>

On 22 January 2018 the Government of Tamil Nadu issued order G.O. (Ms) No.13 to "declare the intention to include additional areas in the Chennai Metropolitan Planning Area" under section&nbsp;2, clause&nbsp;(23-a) of the Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971 (Tamil Nadu Act&nbsp;35 of 1972). The additional areas to be included were as proposed by the CMDA in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Your word matters in Chennai's expansion|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/feb/06/your-word-matters-in-chennais-expansion-1769069.html|work=The New Indian Express|date=6 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Dabrai|first1=Rohit|title=Chennai Metropolitan Area|url=http://www.twenty22.in/2018/01/chennai-metropolitan-area.html|website=www.twenty22.in|date=31 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Krishnan|first1=S |title=G.O. (Ms) No.13 |url=http://cms.tn.gov.in/sites/default/files/go/hud_e_13_2018_0.pdf|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=6 February 2018|date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Under Tamil Nadu Act 35 the Tamil Nadu government is required to allow reasonable opportunity (two months according to §10.3) for inhabitants, local authorities and institutions in the area to comment upon or object to such an expansion proposals.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971 (Tamil Nadu Act 35 of 1972)|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/tcp/acts_rules/Town_Country_Planning_Act_1971.pdf|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|date=1971}}</ref>
Although less than 100 objections to the expansion plans were received, a [[Public interest litigation in India|public interest litigation]] action was launched at the [[Madras High Court]] in March 2018.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kabirdoss|first1=Yogesh|title=CMDA to seek public opinion on Chennai expansion, clear doubts|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/cmda-to-seek-public-opinion-on-city-expansion-clear-doubts/articleshow/63618616.cms|work=The Times of India|date=5 April 2018}}</ref>

In October 2022 the area of CMA was expanded five-fold to {{cvt|5904|km2}} making it 4th largest Metropolitan city.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/government-issues-order-for-expanding-chennai-metropolitan-planning-area-to-5904-sq-km/article66041750.ece | title=Order issued for expansion of Chennai to 5,904 sq. Km; over 1,200 villages set to be added | newspaper=The Hindu | date=21 October 2022 }}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region|Mumbai metropolitan area]]
* [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi metropolitan area]]
* [[Kolkata metropolitan area]]
* [[List of metropolitan areas in Asia by population]]
* [[List of metropolitan areas in Asia by population]]
* [[List of metropolitan areas in India]]
* [[List of metropolitan areas in India]]
* [[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India]]
* [[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India]]]
* [[List of districts in Tamil Nadu by Human Development Index]]
* [[List of urban agglomerations in Tamil Nadu]]
* [[List of urban agglomerations in Tamil Nadu]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|2}}


==External links==
==External links==

Revision as of 16:46, 29 November 2023

Metropolitan area includes a city and its suburbs. For the city, visit Chennai.

Greater Chennai
Chennai Metropolitan Area
Metropolitan Area
Chennai skyline
Chennai skyline
Nickname(s): 
Detroit of Asia, Gateway to South India
CountryIndia
StateTamil Nadu
Core cityChennai
Districts
Area
 • Total5,904 km2 (2,280 sq mi)
Population
 (2023)
 • Total11,570,000
 • Density9,444/km2 (24,460/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Chennaivasi, Chennaiite
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (Indian Standard Time)
Websitewww.cmdachennai.gov.in
Area Note: Area of CMA was expanded from 1189 sq.km to 5904 sq.km in 2022[1] Population Note: Population and density correspond to the pre-expansion area[2]

Greater Chennai Metropolitan Area, or simply the Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA), is fifth-most populous metropolitan area in India and the 35th most populous in the world. The CMA consists of the core city of Chennai, which is coterminous with the Chennai district, and its suburbs in Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu, Thiruvallur and Ranipet districts. The Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) is the nodal agency that handles town planning and development within the metro area. In 1974, an area encompassing 1,189 km2 (459 sq mi) around the city was designated as the metropolitan area which was subsequently expanded to 5,904 km2 (2,280 sq mi) in 2022.

History

Expansion plan of the CMA with old district borders

The metropolitan area comprised a total extent of 1,189 km2 (459 sq mi) declared in 1974.[3] In 2011, first plans to expand the metropolitan area were proposed by Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) as several settlements on the outer vicinity had been undergoing rapid development and had to be incorporated under the CMDA planning strategy. While other metropolises in India had already redefined their respective metropolitan regions to include much larger areas, CMA had not been altered since it was first defined in 1974.[4] In July 2012, the CMDA suggested two options to the Government of Tamil Nadu for expanding the area with the first option including the whole of the Chennai, seven taluks each from Tiruvallur and Kancheepuram districts extending up to 4,459 km2 (1,722 sq mi) and the second option including the whole of Chennai, Tiruvallur and Kancheepuram districts and Arakkonam taluk extending to a total of 8,878 km2 (3,428 sq mi).[5] In July 2017, the Government of Tamil Nadu announced its intention to expand the CMA to 8,878 km2 (3,428 sq mi) with the whole process expected to be completed by July 2018.[6] [7]

On 22 January 2018, Government of Tamil Nadu issued a Government order to declare the intention to include additional areas in the Chennai Metropolitan Planning Area under the Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971.[8][9] As per the act, the government is required to allow reasonable opportunity (two months) for inhabitants, local authorities and institutions in the area to comment upon or object to such an expansion proposals and few objections were received including a public interest litigation filed at the Madras High Court in March 2018.[10][11] The plan was later modified and in October 2022, the metropolitan area was expanded to 5,904 km2 (2,280 sq mi).[12]

Distribution and composition

The metropolitan area consists of four municipal corporations (Greater Chennai, Tambaram, Avadi, Kancheepuram) 12 municipalities (Arakkonam, Mangadu, Kundrathur, Poonamallee, Thiruverkadu, Thiruninravur, Tiruvallur, Tiruttani, Maraimalai Nagar, Chengalpattu, Ponneri, Guduvancheri) and other smaller panchayats spread across the districts of Chennai, Thiruvallur, Kancheepuram, Chengalpattu and Ranipet. The planning and development is overseen by the Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA), a Tamil Nadu State Government organisation in charge of town in the region. CMA region has about 3,000 water bodies.[13] CMDA has proposed to trifurcate the CMA into three zones – Central, North and South.[14]

Chennai Metropolitan Area
Zone Area (km2 District Taluk
Central 1,189 Chennai district Alandur, Ambattur, Aminjikarai, Ayanavaram, Egmore, Guindy, Madhavaram, Maduravoyal, Mambalam, Mylapore, Perambur, Purasawalkam, Sholinganallur, Thiruvottiyur, Tondiarpet, Velachery
Chengalpattu district Pallavaram, Tambaram, Vandalur
Kanchipuram district Kundrathur
Tiruvallur district Avadi, Poonamallee, Ponneri
North 2,908 Tiruvallur district Gummidipoondi, Poonamallee, Ponneri, Tiruvallur, Tiruttani, Uthukottai
Kanchipuram district Sriperumbudur
Ranipet district Arakkonam
South 1,809 Chengalpattu district Chengalpattu, Tirukalukundram, Thiruporur, Vandalur
Kanchipuram district Kundrathur, Kanchipuram, Walajabad

Nodal agencies

The CMDA regulates developments in the Chennai metropolitan area through the issuance of planning permission under section 49 of the Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act 1971.[15][16]

Agency Responsibility
Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) Urban planning, Project implementation
Local bodies (Municipal Corporations, Municipalities and Panchayats) Civic management
Chennai MetroWater Supply and Sewage Board Water Supply and sewerage
Chennai Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (CUMTA) Transport and transport infrastructure
Highways Department
Tamil Nadu Road Infrastructure Development Corporation (TNRIDC)
Tamil Nadu Road Development Company Limited (TNRDC) 		Implementation and maintenance of highways and roads
Chennai-Ennore Port Road Company Ltd (CEPRCL) Maintenance of road connecting ports
Metropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC)
Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC)
State Express Transport Corporation (SETC) 		Public bus transport
Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL) Metro rail transport
Southern Railway (SR) Suburban railway and Chennai MRTS
Regional Transport department Transport services (Vehicle registration and compliance, road taxes, driving licence)
Commissionerate of Road Safety Road safety
Chennai Smart City Limited (CSCL) Core infrastructure transformation and rejuvenation
Chennai City Traffic Police
Avadi Traffic Police
Tambaram Traffic Police
Traffic police of Tiruvallur, Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu and Ranipet districts 		Traffic management
Chennai City Police
Avadi Police
Tambaram Police
District police of Tiruvallur, Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu and Ranipet districts 		Crime, cyber crime and law & order management
Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) Electricity generation and supply
Revenue Department Revenue administration
Public Works Department Implementation and maintenance of macro drainage system
Registration Department Land registration, stamp duties
Tamil Nadu Housing Board (TNHB) Provision of plots and houses, sites and services
Tamil Nadu Urban Habitat Development Board (TNUDB) Housing, infrastructure and livelihood in slums
Aavin Co-operative society Milk procurement and distribution

Economy

Main article: Economy of Chennai

The economy of the the metropolitan area range from $78.6 to $86 billion (PPP GDP), ranking it from fourth- to sixth-most productive metro area of India.[17] Chennai has a broad industrial base in the automobile, computer, technology, hardware manufacturing and healthcare sectors. As of 2012, the city is India's second-largest exporter of information technology (IT) and business process outsourcing (BPO) services.[18][19] A major part of India's automobile industry is located in and around the city thus earning it the nickname "Detroit of India".[20][21][22] Known as the "Gateway of South India", Chennai is the third-most visited city in India by international tourists according to Euromonitor.[23][24]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority". Government of Tamilnadu. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  2. ^ World Urban Areas 13th Annual Edition (PDF). Demographia (Report). August 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  3. ^ "CMDA map". Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  4. ^ "Final call on Greater Chennai by fiscal year-end". IBN Live. 26 August 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  5. ^ C Shivakumar (10 August 2012). "Chennai : Push to expand Chennai metropolitan area". New Indian Express. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  6. ^ "Metropolitan Area set to expand". The Hindu. 4 July 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2023 – via PressReader.
  7. ^ Mariappan, Julie (4 July 2017). "5-year wait ends, Chennai finally set for seven-fold expansion". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  8. ^ "Your word matters in Chennai's expansion". The New Indian Express. 6 February 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  9. ^ Krishnan, S (22 January 2018). "G.O. (Ms) No.13" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
  10. ^ "The Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971 (Tamil Nadu Act 35 of 1972)" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu. 1971.
  11. ^ Kabirdoss, Yogesh (5 April 2018). "CMDA to seek public opinion on Chennai expansion, clear doubts". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  12. ^ "Order issued for expansion of Chennai to 5,904 sq. Km; over 1,200 villages set to be added". The Hindu. 21 October 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  13. ^ Hemalatha, Karthikeyan (10 November 2012). "40 Chennai lakes to get a new lease of life". The Times of India. Chennai. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
  14. ^ "Chennai Metropolitan Area to be trifurcated, will cover 5,904 sqkm". 28 September 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
  15. ^ "The Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971 (Tamil Nadu Act 35 of 1972)" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
  16. ^ Aloysius Xavier Lopez (10 November 2012). "Challenging times for building panel". The Hindu. Chennai.
  17. ^ "Global city GDP rankings 2008–2025". PwC. Archived from the original on 4 May 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2009.
  18. ^ "Chennai activities". NASSCOM. Archived from the original on 16 November 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
  19. ^ Chandramouli, Rajesh (1 May 2008). "Chennai emerging as India's Silicon Valley?". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
  20. ^ Business America. U.S. Department of Commerce. 1997. p. 14.
  21. ^ Chris Devonshire-Ellis (2012). Doing Business in India. Springer. p. 218. ISBN 978-3-642-27617-0.
  22. ^ U.S. International Trade Commission (2007). Competitive Conditions for Foreign Direct Investment in India, Staff Research Study #30. DIANE Publishing. pp. 2–10. ISBN 978-1-4578-1829-5.
  23. ^ Mohan, Vishnu (5 October 2020). "Scorching hot during summer and unbelievably crowded, the modern city of Chennai dipped in traditions from its Madras days never fails to surprise a traveller". Outlook Traveller. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  24. ^ Vikas, S. V. (27 September 2018). "World Tourism Day 2018: Significance, theme and why it is observed". One India. New Delhi. Retrieved 27 September 2018.

External links

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