Jump to content

Alt-right: Difference between revisions

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Undid revision 773580897 by Smalltime0 (talk) please, not again, we've been over this
Smalltime0 (talk | contribs)
161 edits
Undid revision 773622684 by Mduvekot (talk) provide a source for him claiming that whites are the best then. The current sources don't support that
Line 3: Line 3:
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Nationalism sidebar|expanded=Types}}
{{Nationalism sidebar|expanded=Types}}
The '''alt-right''', or '''alternative right''', is a loose group of people with [[Far-right politics|far-right]] ideologies who reject mainstream [[conservatism in the United States]]. White supremacist [[Richard B. Spencer|Richard Spencer]] coined the term in 2010 to define a movement centered on [[white nationalism]], and has been accused of doing so to whitewash overt [[racism]], [[white supremacism]], and [[neo-Nazism]].<ref name=ap/><ref name=TakisMag-AltRight-2008>{{cite news|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard|title=The Conservative Write|url=http://takimag.com/article/the_conservative_write#axzz4JRcIyz7D|work=[[Taki's Magazine]]|date=August 6, 2008}}</ref><ref name=SPLC-AltRight-Profile>{{cite news|title=Alternative Right|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/ideology/alternative-right|accessdate=November 22, 2016|work=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref><ref name=NewYorker-Alt-RightForReal-2016>{{cite news|last1=Wallace-Wells|first1=Benjamin|title=Is the Alt-Right for Real?|url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/benjamin-wallace-wells/is-the-alt-right-for-real|work=[[The New Yorker]]|date=May 5, 2016}}</ref><ref name=NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-2016>{{cite news|last1=Goldstein|first1=Joseph|title=Alt-Right Exults in Donald Trump's Election With a Salute: 'Heil Victory'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/21/us/alt-right-salutes-donald-trump.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 20, 2016}}</ref> Alt-right beliefs have been described as white supremacist,<ref name=vox160607/><ref name="WPechoes"/><ref name=NPCWhatIs/> frequently overlapping with [[antisemitism]] and Neo-Nazism,<ref name=People/><ref name=CNNexplained/><ref name="NYTechoes"/> [[Nativism (politics)|nativism]] and [[Islamophobia]],<ref name="reuters"/><ref name=Nation2016/><ref name=Week2016/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hassan|first1=Adeel|title=Candy, Hashtags and Hate|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/23/us/skittles-pepe-alt-right-echo-stop-islam-explained.html|work=The New York Times|date=September 23, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Salon">{{cite news|last1=Lynch|first1=Conor|title=With their Orlando response, Trump and the alt-right are playing directly into the hands of ISIS|url=http://www.salon.com/2016/06/14/with_their_orlando_response_trump_and_the_alt_right_are_playing_directly_into_the_hands_of_isis/|work=Salon|date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> [[antifeminism]] and [[homophobia]],<ref name=People/><ref name="NPR" /><ref>{{cite web|first=Thomas J.|last=Main|title=What's the Alt-Right?| url=http://touch.latimes.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-88717755/|website=Los Angeles Times|date=August 25, 2016|accessdate=October 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Michelangelo|last=Signorile|title=Donald Trump’s Hate-Fueled, Alt-Right Army Hates ‘Faggots’ Too| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trumps-hate-fueled-alt-right-army-hates-faggots-too_us_57e11904e4b04a1497b67558|website=The Huffington Post|date=September 21, 2016|accessdate=October 30, 2016}}</ref> [[white nationalism]], [[right-wing populism]],<ref name="NewYorker"/><ref name="WilsonGuardian">{{cite news|last1=Wilson|first1=Jason|title='A sense that white identity is under attack': making sense of the alt-right|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/aug/23/alt-right-movement-white-identity-breitbart-donald-trump|accessdate=September 7, 2016|work=The Guardian|date=August 23, 2016}}</ref> and the [[neoreactionary movement]].<ref name=vox160607/><ref name="bostonglobe"/> The concept has further been associated with multiple groups from [[American nationalism|American nationalists]], neo-monarchists, [[men's rights]] advocates, and the [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|2016 presidential campaign]] of [[Donald Trump]].<ref name="reuters"/><ref name="Salon"/><ref name="Signorile">{{cite web|first=Michelangelo|last=Signorile|title=Donald Trump's Hate-Fueled, Alt-Right Army Hates 'Faggots' Too| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trumps-hate-fueled-alt-right-army-hates-faggots-too_us_57e11904e4b04a1497b67558|website=The Huffington Post|date=September 21, 2016|accessdate=October 30, 2016}}</ref><ref name="WilsonGuardian"/><ref name="bostonglobe"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://freebeacon.com/politics/wfbs-matthew-continetti-alt-rights-place-conservatism/|title=Continetti Addresses ‘Alt-Right’ Movement on PBS NewsHour|accessdate=January 28, 2017|work=The Washington Free Beacon|date=August 26, 2016}}</ref>
The '''alt-right''', or '''alternative right''', is a loose group of people with [[Far-right politics|far-right]] ideologies who reject mainstream [[conservatism in the United States]]. White nationalist [[Richard B. Spencer|Richard Spencer]] coined the term in 2010 to define a movement centered on [[white nationalism]], and has been accused of doing so to whitewash overt [[racism]], [[white supremacism]], and [[neo-Nazism]].<ref name=ap/><ref name=TakisMag-AltRight-2008>{{cite news|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard|title=The Conservative Write|url=http://takimag.com/article/the_conservative_write#axzz4JRcIyz7D|work=[[Taki's Magazine]]|date=August 6, 2008}}</ref><ref name=SPLC-AltRight-Profile>{{cite news|title=Alternative Right|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/ideology/alternative-right|accessdate=November 22, 2016|work=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref><ref name=NewYorker-Alt-RightForReal-2016>{{cite news|last1=Wallace-Wells|first1=Benjamin|title=Is the Alt-Right for Real?|url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/benjamin-wallace-wells/is-the-alt-right-for-real|work=[[The New Yorker]]|date=May 5, 2016}}</ref><ref name=NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-2016>{{cite news|last1=Goldstein|first1=Joseph|title=Alt-Right Exults in Donald Trump's Election With a Salute: 'Heil Victory'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/21/us/alt-right-salutes-donald-trump.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 20, 2016}}</ref> Alt-right beliefs have been described as white supremacist,<ref name=vox160607/><ref name="WPechoes"/><ref name=NPCWhatIs/> frequently overlapping with [[antisemitism]] and Neo-Nazism,<ref name=People/><ref name=CNNexplained/><ref name="NYTechoes"/> [[Nativism (politics)|nativism]] and [[Islamophobia]],<ref name="reuters"/><ref name=Nation2016/><ref name=Week2016/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hassan|first1=Adeel|title=Candy, Hashtags and Hate|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/23/us/skittles-pepe-alt-right-echo-stop-islam-explained.html|work=The New York Times|date=September 23, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Salon">{{cite news|last1=Lynch|first1=Conor|title=With their Orlando response, Trump and the alt-right are playing directly into the hands of ISIS|url=http://www.salon.com/2016/06/14/with_their_orlando_response_trump_and_the_alt_right_are_playing_directly_into_the_hands_of_isis/|work=Salon|date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> [[antifeminism]] and [[homophobia]],<ref name=People/><ref name="NPR" /><ref>{{cite web|first=Thomas J.|last=Main|title=What's the Alt-Right?| url=http://touch.latimes.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-88717755/|website=Los Angeles Times|date=August 25, 2016|accessdate=October 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Michelangelo|last=Signorile|title=Donald Trump’s Hate-Fueled, Alt-Right Army Hates ‘Faggots’ Too| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trumps-hate-fueled-alt-right-army-hates-faggots-too_us_57e11904e4b04a1497b67558|website=The Huffington Post|date=September 21, 2016|accessdate=October 30, 2016}}</ref> [[white nationalism]], [[right-wing populism]],<ref name="NewYorker"/><ref name="WilsonGuardian">{{cite news|last1=Wilson|first1=Jason|title='A sense that white identity is under attack': making sense of the alt-right|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/aug/23/alt-right-movement-white-identity-breitbart-donald-trump|accessdate=September 7, 2016|work=The Guardian|date=August 23, 2016}}</ref> and the [[neoreactionary movement]].<ref name=vox160607/><ref name="bostonglobe"/> The concept has further been associated with multiple groups from [[American nationalism|American nationalists]], neo-monarchists, [[men's rights]] advocates, and the [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|2016 presidential campaign]] of [[Donald Trump]].<ref name="reuters"/><ref name="Salon"/><ref name="Signorile">{{cite web|first=Michelangelo|last=Signorile|title=Donald Trump's Hate-Fueled, Alt-Right Army Hates 'Faggots' Too| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trumps-hate-fueled-alt-right-army-hates-faggots-too_us_57e11904e4b04a1497b67558|website=The Huffington Post|date=September 21, 2016|accessdate=October 30, 2016}}</ref><ref name="WilsonGuardian"/><ref name="bostonglobe"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://freebeacon.com/politics/wfbs-matthew-continetti-alt-rights-place-conservatism/|title=Continetti Addresses ‘Alt-Right’ Movement on PBS NewsHour|accessdate=January 28, 2017|work=The Washington Free Beacon|date=August 26, 2016}}</ref>


The term drew considerable media attention and controversy during and after the [[United States presidential election, 2016|2016 presidential election]].
The term drew considerable media attention and controversy during and after the [[United States presidential election, 2016|2016 presidential election]].

Revision as of 15:45, 3 April 2017

For the publication based in the United States, see Alternative Right.

Part of a series on
Nationalism
Nation forming
Core values
Types
Organizations
List of nationalist organizations
Related concepts

The alt-right, or alternative right, is a loose group of people with far-right ideologies who reject mainstream conservatism in the United States. White nationalist Richard Spencer coined the term in 2010 to define a movement centered on white nationalism, and has been accused of doing so to whitewash overt racism, white supremacism, and neo-Nazism.[1][2][3][4][5] Alt-right beliefs have been described as white supremacist,[6][7][8] frequently overlapping with antisemitism and Neo-Nazism,[9][10][11] nativism and Islamophobia,[12][13][14][15][16] antifeminism and homophobia,[9][17][18][19] white nationalism, right-wing populism,[20][21] and the neoreactionary movement.[6][22] The concept has further been associated with multiple groups from American nationalists, neo-monarchists, men's rights advocates, and the 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump.[12][16][23][21][22][24]

The term drew considerable media attention and controversy during and after the 2016 presidential election.

The alt-right has its roots on websites such as 4chan and 8chan, where anonymous members create and use Internet memes to express themselves.[6][11][25] It is difficult to tell how much of what people write in these venues is serious and how much is intended to provoke outrage.[20][26] Members of the alt-right use websites like Twitter and Breitbart to convey their message.[27][28] Alt-right postings generally support Donald Trump[29] and oppose immigration, multiculturalism and political correctness.[10][17][30]

Etymology

In November 2008, Paul Gottfried addressed the H. L. Mencken Club about what he called "the alternative right".[31] In 2009, two more posts at Taki's Magazine, by Patrick J. Ford and Jack Hunter, further discussed the alternative right.[32] The term, however, is most commonly attributed to Richard B. Spencer, president of the National Policy Institute and founder of Alternative Right.[20][33]

Beliefs

The Associated Press stated that the

'alt-right' or 'alternative right' is a name currently embraced by some white supremacists and white nationalists to refer to themselves and their ideology, which emphasizes preserving and protecting the white race in the United States in addition to, or over, other traditional conservative positions such as limited government, low taxes and strict law-and-order. The movement has been described as a mix of racism, white nationalism and populism, ... criticizes "multiculturalism" and more rights for non-whites, women, Jews, Muslims, gays, immigrants and other minorities. Its members reject the American democratic ideal that all should have equality under the law regardless of creed, gender, ethnic origin or race.[1][34]

There is no formal organization and it is not clear if the alt-right can be considered as a movement; according to a 2016 description in the Columbia Journalism Review: "Because of the nebulous nature of anonymous online communities, nobody's entirely sure who the alt-righters are and what motivates them. It's also unclear which among them are true believers and which are smart-ass troublemakers trying to ruffle feathers."[26] Many of its own proponents often claim they are joking or seeking to provoke an outraged response.[20] Andrew Marantz of The New Yorker describes it as "a label, like 'snob' or 'hipster,' that is often disavowed by people who exemplify it".[35]

It has been said to include elements of white nationalism,[9][10][20] white supremacism,[7][8][30] antisemitism,[9][10][11] right-wing populism,[20] nativism,[12] and the neoreactionary movement.[22] Andrew Marantz includes "neo-monarchists, masculinists, conspiracists, belligerent nihilists".[35] Newsday columnist Cathy Young noted the alt-right's strong opposition to both legal and illegal immigration and its hard-line stance on the European migrant crisis.[36] Robert Tracinski of The Federalist has written that the alt-right opposes miscegenation and advocates collectivism as well as tribalism.[37] Nicole Hemmer stated on NPR that political correctness is seen by the alt-right as "the greatest threat to their liberty."[17]

Commonalities among the loosely-defined alt-right include a disdain for mainstream politics as well as support for Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign.[20][38]

While the label of white nationalism is disputed by some political commentators including Allum Bokhari and Milo Yiannopoulos,[39] prominent alt-right figures such as Andrew Anglin of The Daily Stormer and Jazzhands McFeels of Fash the Nation have embraced the term as the core philosophy their movement is based on.[40][41] In response to a Washington Post article that portrayed the movement as "offensiveness for the sake of offensiveness", Anglin said "No it isn't. The goal is to ethnically cleanse White nations of non-Whites and establish an authoritarian government. Many people also believe that the Jews should be exterminated."[42][43]

Milo Yiannopoulos claims that some "young rebels" are drawn to the alt-right not for deeply political reasons but "because it promises fun, transgression, and a challenge to social norms."[44] According to The New Yorker, "testing the strength of the speech taboos that revolve around conventional politics-of what can be said, and how directly", is a major component alt-right identity.[44] The beliefs that make the alt-right perceptible as a movement "are in their essence not matters of substance but of style", and the alt-right's tone may just be concealing "a more familiar politics."[44]

History

According to economist Jeffrey Tucker of the Foundation for Economic Education, the alt-right "inherits a long and dreary tradition of thought from Friedrich Hegel to Thomas Carlyle to Oswald Spengler to Madison Grant to Othmar Spann to Giovanni Gentile to Trump's speeches." He states that alt-right proponents "look back to what they imagine to be a golden age when elites ruled and peons obeyed," and believe that "identity is everything and the loss of identity is the greatest crime against self anyone can imagine."[45]

In March 2016, Breitbart News writers Allum Bokhari and Milo Yiannopoulos published a piece on the alt-right, which CNN described as being similar to a manifesto.[46] In that article, they described the alt-right as being derived from the Old Right of the United States as well from various New Right movements of Europe, citing the movement has been influenced by Oswald Spengler, Henry Louis Mencken, Julius Evola and modern influences such as paleoconservatives Patrick J. Buchanan and Samuel T. Francis.[39] Jeet Heer of The New Republic likewise identifies the alt-right as having ideological origins among paleoconservatives, particularly with respect to its positions restricting immigration and supporting an openly nationalistic foreign policy.[47][48]

An analysis by The Guardian described the ethno-nationalism of the New Right as the alt-right's progenitor.[21][49] Matthew Sheffield, writing in the Washington Post, said the alt-right has also been influenced by anarcho-capitalist and paleolibertarian theorist Murray Rothbard, specifically in regards to his theorizing on race and democracy, and had previously rallied behind Ron Paul in 2008.[50] Tucker, an anarcho-capitalist, has said the alt-right is opposed to libertarianism because the alt-right focuses on group identity and tribalism instead of individual liberty.[45] The alt-right lineage can be traced back to "South Park Republican".[51]

The term drew considerable media attention and controversy during the 2016 presidential election, particularly after Trump appointed Breitbart News chair Steven Bannon CEO of the Trump campaign in August. Steve Bannon referred to Breitbart News as "the platform for the alt-right."[52][53] Media attention grew after the election, particularly during a post-election celebratory meeting near the White House hosted by Richard Spencer. Spencer used several Nazi propaganda terms during a meeting, and closed with "Hail Trump, hail our people, hail victory". In response, supporters of Spencer gave the Nazi salute and chanted in a similar fashion to the Sieg Heil chant used at the Nuremberg rallies. Spencer defended the conduct, stating that the Nazi salute was given in a spirit of "irony and exuberance".[54][55] Following the episode, the Associated Press described the "alt-right" label as "currently embraced by some white supremacists and white nationalists" that "may exist primarily as a public-relations device to make its supporters’ actual beliefs less clear and more acceptable to a broader audience." The AP said that it has previously called such beliefs "racist, neo-Nazi or white supremacist."[1]

Reactions

Part of a series on
Neo-fascism
Fasces
Core ideas
Varieties
Origins
Literature
Movements, Organizations,
and Parties
People
History
Related topics
icon Politics portal
Part of a series on
Conservatism
Variants
Principles
Intellectuals
Politicians
Religion
Personal variants
National variants
Related ideologies
Related topics

Although some conservatives have welcomed the alt-right,[36] others on the mainstream right and left have criticized it as racist or hateful,[36][56] particularly given its hostility towards mainstream liberalism and conservatism.[57][58]

David A. French, writing for National Review, called alt-right proponents "wanna-be fascists" and bemoaned their entry into the national political conversation.[59] Benjamin Welton, writing for The Weekly Standard, described the alt-right as a "highly heterogeneous force" that "turns the left's moralism on its head and makes it a badge of honor to be called 'racist,' 'homophobic,' and 'sexist.'"[60]

Benjamin Wallace-Wells, writing for The New Yorker, described it as a "loosely assembled far-right movement", but said that its differences from the conventional right-wing in American politics are more a matter of style than of substance: "One way to understand the alt-right is not as a movement but as a collective experiment in identity, in the same way that many people use anonymity on the Internet to test more extreme versions of themselves."[20]

Professor George Hawley of the University of Alabama suggested that the alt-right may pose a greater threat to progressivism than the mainstream conservative movement.[61]

In an interview with The New York Times on November 22, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump disavowed and condemned the alt-right,[62] to the dismay of many of his alt-right supporters.[63]

In December 2016, artist Arrington de Dionyso, whose murals are frequently displayed at the Comet Ping Pong pizzeria, described the alt-right's on-line campaign of harassment against him in detail,[64] and averred of the attacks in general that "I think it's a very deliberate assault, which will eventually be a coordinated assault on all forms of free expression." The Pizzagate conspiracy theory has drawn comparisons with the Gamergate controversy.[65] A wave of threats against Jewish Community Centers starting in 2017 were blamed on the alt-right in a January 2017 article by Slate's Elissa Strauss, who said members of the alt-right viewed them as "a practical joke".[66]

The activist group Stop Normalizing, which opposes the normalization of terms like alt-right, developed the "Stop Normalizing Alt Right Chrome extension". The extension went viral shortly after the release of Stop Normalizing's website.[67] The extension changes the term "alt-right" on webpages to "white supremacy".[68][69][70][71][72] The extension and group were founded by a New York-based advertising and media professional under the pseudonym George Zola.[73]

Reddit banned the r/altright subreddit for violating its anti-doxxing policy.[74][75]

Commentary

In National Review in April 2016, Ian Tuttle wrote,

The Alt-Right has evangelized over the last several months primarily via a racist and antisemitic online presence. But for Allum Bokhari and Milo Yiannopoulos, the alt-right consists of fun-loving provocateurs, valiant defenders of Western civilization, daring intellectuals—and a handful of neo-Nazis keen on a Final Solution 2.0, but there are only a few of them, and nobody likes them anyways.[76]

Bokhari and Yiannopoulos describe Jared Taylor, founder of American Renaissance, and Richard B. Spencer, founder of Alternative Right, as representative of intellectuals in the alt-right.[39][76] Cathy Young, writing in The Federalist, stated that the website Radix Journal had replaced the Alternative Right website, and describes a Radix Journal article on abortion which proclaimed that the pro-life position is "'dysgenic,' since it encourages breeding by 'the least intelligent and responsible' women."[77] Kevin B. MacDonald is also mentioned as an alt-right thinker.[1]

In Newsday, Young called the alt-right "a nest of anti-Semitism" inhabited by "white supremacists" who regularly use "repulsive bigotry".[36] Chris Hayes on All In with Chris Hayes described alt-right as a euphemistic term for "essentially modern-day white supremacy."[78] BuzzFeed reporter Rosie Gray described the alt-right as "white supremacy perfectly tailored for our times," saying that it uses "aggressive rhetoric and outright racial and anti-Semitic slurs" and that it has "more in common with European far-right movements than American ones."[79][80] Yishai Schwartz, writing for Haaretz, described the alt-right as "vitriolically anti-Semitic," saying that "The 'alternative' that the alt-right presents is, in large part, an alternative to acceptance of Jews," and warned that it must be taken seriously as a threat.[81] Chemi Shalev, also writing for Haaretz, has observed that alt-right supporters of Trump "despise Jewish liberals with same venom that Israeli right detests Jewish leftists".[82]

Breitbart News has become a popular outlet for alt-right views.[83][84][85]

On August 25, 2016, Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton gave a speech accusing Republican candidate Donald Trump of "helping a radical fringe take over the Republican Party."[52] She identified this radical fringe with the alt-right, and noted that Trump's campaign chief executive Steve Bannon has described his Breitbart News Network as "the platform for the alt-right."[52][53] Some members of the group were delighted; they described Clinton's speech as "free publicity", noted that Google searches peaked afterward, and suggested that millions of people were hearing of the movement "for the very first time".[86]

On September 9, 2016, several leaders of the alt-right community held a press conference, described by one reporter as the "coming-out party" of the little-known movement, to explain their goals.[87] They proclaimed racialist beliefs, stating "Race is real, race matters, and race is the foundation of identity."[88] Speakers called for a "White Homeland" and expounded on racial differences in intelligence. They also confirmed their support of Trump, saying "This is what a leader looks like."[88][89][90]

Use of memes

The alt-right's use of Internet memes to express and advance its beliefs, often on websites such as 4chan, 8chan and The Daily Stormer, has been widely reported.[11][25][91][92] Adherents of the ideology have, for instance, been credited for originating the term cuckservative, a portmanteau of "cuckold" and "conservative".[93] Another example is the use of triple parentheses or "echoes" to identify and target Jews online, which originated on the blog The Right Stuff.[7][11][94] Variations of the Pepe the Frog and "Emperor Trump" memes[95] popular in alt-right circles, leading to references of "Nazi Frogs" in the media.[96][97] These variants of the Pepe the Frog meme attracted significant media attention after the meme was criticized in an article published on Hillary Clinton's campaign website.[98][99] Ironic worship of the Ancient Egyptian deity Kek has become associated with alt-right politics.[100][101]

The prevalence of memes in alt-right circles has led some commentators to question whether the alt-right is a serious movement rather than just an alternative way to express traditionally conservative beliefs,[11][20] with Chava Gourarie of the Columbia Journalism Review stating that provoking a media reaction to these memes is for some creators an end in itself.[26] Marc Hetherington, professor of Political Science at Vanderbilt University, sees these memes as an effort to legitimize racist views.[102]

Notable individuals

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Daniszewski, John (November 26, 2016). "Writing about the 'alt-right'".
  2. ^ Spencer, Richard (August 6, 2008). "The Conservative Write". Taki's Magazine.
  3. ^ "Alternative Right". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
  4. ^ Wallace-Wells, Benjamin (May 5, 2016). "Is the Alt-Right for Real?". The New Yorker.
  5. ^ Goldstein, Joseph (November 20, 2016). "Alt-Right Exults in Donald Trump's Election With a Salute: 'Heil Victory'". The New York Times.
  6. ^ a b c Matthews, Dylan (April 18, 2016). "The alt-right is more than warmed-over white supremacy. It's that, but way way weirder". VOX. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  7. ^ a b c Ohlheiser, Abby (June 3, 2016). "Anti-Semitic Trump supporters made a giant list of people to target with a racist meme". The Washington Post.
  8. ^ a b Sarlin, Benjy (August 25, 2016). "5 Things to Know About the 'Alt-Right'". NBC News. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  9. ^ a b c d McAfee, Tierney (August 25, 2016). "What Is the Alt-Right Anyway? A User's Guide". People. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  10. ^ a b c d Krieg, Gregory (August 25, 2016). "Clinton is attacking the 'Alt-Right' – What is it?". CNN. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  11. ^ a b c d e f Hess, Amanda (June 10, 2016). "For the Alt-Right, the Message Is in the Punctuation". The New York Times.
  12. ^ a b c Becker, Amanda. "Clinton to accuse Trump of embracing nativist political movement". Reuters.
  13. ^ Walsh, Joan (July 20, 2016). "Islamophobes, White Supremacists, and Gays for Trump–the Alt-Right Arrives at the RNC". The Nation. Retrieved October 1, 2016. At the self-described "most fab party at the RNC" Tuesday night, Islamophobe provocateur Pamela Geller, not renowned as a stand-up comedian, opened with a joke... Before Geller and Yiannopolous spoke, the crowd welcomed the notorious Dutch politician Geert Wilders, who runs the anti-immigrant Dutch Party for Freedom. Wilders, a Trump admirer, was banned from entering Britain in 2009 for his Islamophobia (the decision was reversed in 2010) but was welcome here in Cleveland. An exhilarated Richard Spencer, a leading white nationalist who coined the term "alt-right," introduced himself to me just as Milo began to speak. 'This is the alt-right convention!...' At this first "alt-right convention," most of the influentials weren't known to the public. They're hoping that will change, under President Donald J. Trump.
  14. ^ "The rise of the alt-right". The Week. October 1, 2016.
  15. ^ Hassan, Adeel (September 23, 2016). "Candy, Hashtags and Hate". The New York Times.
  16. ^ a b Lynch, Conor (June 14, 2016). "With their Orlando response, Trump and the alt-right are playing directly into the hands of ISIS". Salon.
  17. ^ a b c "What You Need To Know About The Alt-Right Movement". NPR.org. August 26, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
  18. ^ Main, Thomas J. (August 25, 2016). "What's the Alt-Right?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
  19. ^ Signorile, Michelangelo (September 21, 2016). "Donald Trump's Hate-Fueled, Alt-Right Army Hates 'Faggots' Too". The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wallace-Wells, Benjamin (May 5, 2016). "Is the Alt-Right for real?". The New Yorker.
  21. ^ a b c Wilson, Jason (August 23, 2016). "'A sense that white identity is under attack': making sense of the alt-right". The Guardian. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  22. ^ a b c Brodeur, Michael. "What's 'alt-' about the alt-right?". The Boston Globe.
  23. ^ Signorile, Michelangelo (September 21, 2016). "Donald Trump's Hate-Fueled, Alt-Right Army Hates 'Faggots' Too". The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
  24. ^ "Continetti Addresses 'Alt-Right' Movement on PBS NewsHour". The Washington Free Beacon. August 26, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
  25. ^ a b Kivanç, Jake (June 15, 2016). "Nero, Nazis, and the New Far Right: The Phenomena of the Professional Troll". Vice. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
  26. ^ a b c Gourarie, Chava (August 30, 2016). "How the 'alt-right' checkmated the media". Columbia Journalism Review.
  27. ^ Hunt, Elle (July 20, 2016). "Milo Yiannopoulos, rightwing writer, permanently banned from Twitter". The Guardian. London. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
  28. ^ Hafner, Josh (August 26, 2016). "For the Record: For Trump, everything's going to be alt-right". USA Today. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
  29. ^ Posner, Sarah (October 18, 2016). "Meet the Alt-Right 'Spokesman' Who's Thrilled With Trump's Rise". RollingStone. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
  30. ^ a b Sevastopulo, Demetri. "'Alt-right' movement makes mark on US presidential election". Financial Times.(Subscription required.)
  31. ^ Gottfried, Paul (January 22, 2016). "The Decline and Rise of the Alternative Right". The Unz Review. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
  32. ^ Theodoracopulos, Taki (July 27, 2009). "Economism in the Alt Right". Taki's Magazine. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
  33. ^ Piggott, Stephen. "Is Breitbart.com Becoming the Media Arm of the 'Alt-Right'?". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  34. ^ Wendling, Mike. "Trump's shock troops: Who are the 'alt-right'?". BBC News.
  35. ^ a b Marantz, Andrew (October 31, 2016). "Trolls for Trump". New Yorker. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  36. ^ a b c d Young, Cathy (January 25, 2016). "Donald Trump's rant against political correctness is comfort food to racists". Newsday. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
  37. ^ Tracinski, Robert (April 4, 2016). "Yes, the Alt-Right Are Just a Bunch of Racists". The Federalist. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  38. ^ "'Alt-Right' Hashtag Spurs Racism, Rebukes During Speech". ABC News.
  39. ^ a b c "An Establishment Conservative's Guide To The Alt-Right". Breitbart. March 29, 2016. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
  40. ^ "Alt-Right vs. Alt-Wrong". Fash the Nation. September 25, 2016. One of the things I want to point out very clearly is that we are white nationalists. Period. And without white nationalism the alt-right is nothing... this is extremely important. We're not going to walk back from these principles. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  41. ^ Anglin, Andrew (September 26, 2016). "Milo Attacks Daily Stormer and Fash the Nation, Says Alt-Right is Only 2–5% of the Alt-Right". The Daily Stormer. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  42. ^ Nesbit, Jeff (September 12, 2016). "What Is the Alt-Right?". U.S. News and World Report. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help)
  43. ^ Hankes, Keegan (August 25, 2016). "Whose Alt-Right Is It Anyway?". Southern Poverty Law Center. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help)
  44. ^ a b c Is the Alt-Right for Real?, The New Yorker, May 5, 2016
  45. ^ a b Tucker, Jeffrey (August 26, 2016). "Five Differences Between the Alt-Right and Libertarianism". Foundation for Economic Education. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  46. ^ Krieg, Gregory. "Clinton is attacking the 'Alt-Right'—What is it?". CNN.
  47. ^ Heer, Jeet (January 22, 2016). "National Review Fails to Kill Its Monster". The New Republic.
  48. ^ Weigel, David. "What's the alt-right? A primer". Washington Post.
  49. ^ Heather Digby Parton (August 25, 2016). "The disturbing dawn of the alt-right: Donald Trump's the leader of a dark movement in America". Salon.
  50. ^ Sheffield, Matthew. "Where did Donald Trump get his racialized rhetoric? From libertarians". Washington Post.
  51. ^ Yablon, Alex (April 3, 2016). "The Trump-Loving 'Alt Right' Turns to Guns to Provoke and Offend". TheTrace.org. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
  52. ^ a b c Flegenheimer, Matt (August 25, 2016). "Hillary Clinton Says 'Radical Fringe' Is Taking Over G.O.P. Under Donald Trump". The New York Times. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
  53. ^ a b Posner, Sarah (August 22, 2016). "How Donald Trump's New Campaign Chief Created an Online Haven for White Nationalists". Mother Jones. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  54. ^ Barajas, Joshua. "Nazi salutes 'done in a spirit of irony and exuberance', alt-right leader says". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  55. ^ Goldstein, Joseph (November 20, 2016). "Alt-Right Exults in Donald Trump's Election With a Salute: 'Heil Victory'". New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  56. ^ Tracinski, Robert. "Yes, The Alt-Right Are Just a Bunch of Racists". The Federalist. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  57. ^ "An Open Letter to Mitt Romney". The Weekly Standard.
  58. ^ Shapiro, Ben. "The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America: Then and Now". National Review.
  59. ^ French, David (January 26, 2016). "Donald Trump & Alt-Right's Rise – Not Conservatives Fault". National Review. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
  60. ^ Welton, Benjamin (February 1, 2016). "What, Exactly, is the 'Alternative Right?'". The Weekly Standard. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
  61. ^ Hawley, George (January 25, 2016). Right-Wing Critics of American Conservatism. University Press of Kansas. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-7006-2193-4.
  62. ^ "Trump disavows 'alt-right' supporters". BBC News. November 22, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
  63. ^ Woolf, Nicky (November 23, 2016). "Donald Trump's 'alt-right' supporters express dismay at disavowal". The Guardian. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
  64. ^ de Dionyso, Arrington (December 13, 2016). "How I became a target of the alt-right: What it's like to be targeted by Neo-Nazis and supporters of Donald Trump online—and what I learned from it".
  65. ^ Murphy, Blair (December 22, 2016). "Artist Targeted by #Pizzagate Conspiracy Theory Speaks: After being dragged into one of 2016's strangest news stories over a mural he made six years ago, Arrington de Dionyso took a public stand against far-right extremists' mob censorship".
  66. ^ Strauss, Elissa (January 19, 2017). "The JCC Bomb Threats Confirm That Jewish Parents Are Right to Be Afraid". Slate. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
  67. ^ "Stop Normalizing Alt Right". chrome.google.com. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
  68. ^ Mascali, Nikki M. (November 29, 2016). "Google Chrome now includes a 'Stop Normalizing Alt-Right' browser extension". Metro. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
  69. ^ Hinchliffe, Emma. "Timely browser extension replaces 'alt-right' with 'white supremacy'". Mashable. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
  70. ^ "Chrome extension changes 'alt-right' to 'white supremacy'". NBC News. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
  71. ^ "Chrome extension changes 'alt-right' to 'white supremacy'". The Independent. November 29, 2016. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
  72. ^ Magazine, Paper (November 29, 2016). "This Google Chrome Extension Rightfully Replaces "Alt-Right" with "White Supremacy"". PAPERMAG. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
  73. ^ Editor, Lilly Workneh Black Voices Senior; Post, The Huffington (November 28, 2016). "Google Chrome Extension Replaces 'Alt-Right' With 'White Supremacy'". The Huffington Post. Retrieved November 30, 2016. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  74. ^ "Reddit shuts down 'alt-right' subreddit". CNET. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  75. ^ Hern, Alex (February 2, 2017). "Reddit bans far-right groups altright and alternativeright". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  76. ^ a b Tuttle, Ian. "The Racist Moral Rot at the Heart of the Alt-Right". National Review. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  77. ^ Young, Cathy. "You Can't Whitewash The Alt-Right's Bigotry". The Federalist. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
  78. ^ "All In with Chris Hayes, Transcript 12/9/2015". MSNBC. December 9, 2015.
  79. ^ Smith, Allan (August 25, 2016). "A deep look inside the 'alt-right,' the movement Hillary Clinton just excoriated in a major speech". Business Insider. Retrieved September 2, 2016.
  80. ^ Gray, Rosie (July 7, 2015). "How 2015 Fueled The Rise Of The Freewheeling, White Nationalist Alt Right Movement – BuzzFeed News". Buzzfeed. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
  81. ^ Schwartz, Yishai (May 31, 2016). "Banal, Incoherent, anti-Semitic and pro-Trump: Why We Should Take the Alt-right Seriously". Haaretz.
  82. ^ Chemi Shalev (October 6, 2016). "Trump Shows How Right-wingers Can Love Israel and Hate the Jews". Haaretz.
  83. ^ Eli Stokols (October 13, 2016). "Trump fires up the alt-right". Politico. ... the unmistakable imprint of Breitbart News, the 'alt-right' website...
  84. ^ Staff (October 1, 2016). "The rise of the alt-right". The Week. Another major alt-right platform is Breitbart.com, a right-wing news site...
  85. ^ Will Rahn (August 19, 2016). "Steve Bannon and the alt-right: a primer". CBS News. Bannon's Breitbart distinguished itself from the rest of the conservative media in two significant ways this cycle... The second was through their embrace of the alt-right...
  86. ^ Harrington, Rebecca (August 26, 2016). "The alt-right movement was practically giddy that Hillary Clinton attacked them in a major speech". Business Insider. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
  87. ^ Weigel, David (September 10, 2016). "Four lessons from the alt-right's D.C. coming-out party". Washington Post. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
  88. ^ a b Levy, Pema (September 9, 2016). "Alt-Right Movement Presents Its Vision for an All-White Society With Trump Paving the Way". Mother Jones. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
  89. ^ Tani, Maxwell (August 25, 2016). "Hillary Clinton: 'A fringe element has effectively taken over the Republican Party'". Business Insider. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  90. ^ Goldberg, Michelle (August 25, 2016). "How the "Hipster Nazis" of the Alt Right Got Big Enough for Hillary Clinton to Denounce Them". Slate. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  91. ^ Singal, Jesse (May 26, 2016). "Explaining Ben Shapiro's Messy, Ethnic-Slur-Laden Breakup With Breitbart". New York. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
  92. ^ "David Duke and other white supremacists see Trump's rise as way to increase role in mainstream politics". Los Angeles Times. September 29, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  93. ^ Weigel, David. "'Cuckservative' – the conservative insult of the month, explained". The Washington Post.
  94. ^ Fleishman, Cooper; Smith, Anthony (June 1, 2016). "(((Echoes))), Exposed: The Secret Symbol Neo-Nazis Use to Target Jews Online". Mic. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
  95. ^ Suebsaeng, Asawin (November 19, 2016). "White Nationalists and Nazi-Saluting Tila Tequila Toast 'Emperor Trump' in Washington, DC". The Daily Beast. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
  96. ^ Nuzzi, Olivia (May 25, 2016). "How Pepe the Frog Became a Nazi Trump Supporter and Alt-Right Symbol". The Daily Beast. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
  97. ^ Sewer, Adam (September 15, 2016). "It's Not Easy Being Meme". The Atlantic. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  98. ^ Ohlheiser, Abby (September 14, 2016). "Why Pepe the Frog's Nazi phase doesn't worry his creator". Washington Post. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  99. ^ Thielman, Sam (September 14, 2016). "Pepe the Frog artist supports Clinton 'even though she's talking smack'". The Guardian. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  100. ^ "Naked Nigel, the God Kek and modern politics".
  101. ^ "Cucks & Kek: Racism's Old Guard Reaches Out To An Online Generation".
  102. ^ Jonsson, Patrik (August 27, 2016). "Donald Trump's candidacy and the rise of the 'alt-right' movement". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved September 3, 2016.
  103. ^ "Energized By Trump's Win, White Nationalists Gather To 'Change The World'". NPR. November 20, 2016.
  104. ^ CNN, Andrew Kaczynski and Nathan McDermott. "Michael Flynn's son and chief of staff pushed conspiracy theories, obscene memes online". {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  105. ^ Park, Andrea (November 8, 2016). Lady Gaga's jacket draws Nazi comparisons from alt-right. CBS News. Retrieved: December 6, 2016.
  106. ^ Smith, Allan (December 27, 2016). Alt-right movement descends into civil war after leading figure is booted from Trump inauguration event. Business Insider UK. Retrieved: December 28, 2016.
  107. ^ "SPLC Analysis: Small Community of Extremists on Twitter Responsible for Majority of Message".
  108. ^ "Alt-right movement descends into civil war after leading figure is booted from Trump inauguration event".
  109. ^ Jensen, K. Thor. "Inside Donald Trump's Twitter-Bot Fan Club".
  110. ^ "Energized By Trump's Win, White Nationalists Gather To 'Change The World'". NPR.org. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  111. ^ "My Journey to the Center of the Alt-Right". The Huffington Post. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  112. ^ "Alt-right leader Richard Spencer was punched in the face twice at the inauguration". The Independent. January 21, 2017. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  113. ^ "Alternative Right". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  114. ^ Woodruff, Betsy (September 10, 2016). "Alt-Right Leaders: We Aren't Racist, We Just Hate Jews". The Daily Beast. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  115. ^ "For white nationalists, Trump win a dream come true, says alt-right leader Richard Spencer | Politics | Dallas News". Dallas News. November 16, 2016. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  116. ^ Woodruff, Betsy (September 10, 2016). "Alt-Right Leaders: We Aren't Racist, We Just Hate Jews". The Daily Beast. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  117. ^ "Alt-Right Leader Humiliated When Nazis Find Out His Wife Is Jewish". The Daily Caller. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  118. ^ Wilson, Jason (January 17, 2017). "Activists claim to unveil leader of 'alt-right' website the Right Stuff". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  119. ^ "White supremacist outed for having Jewish wife". The Times of Israel. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  120. ^ "Alt-right troll Chuck C. Johnson is "working behind the scenes" to vet Donald Trump's cabinet picks: report". Salon. January 10, 2017.
  121. ^ "Alt-right troll Chuck Johnson is allegedly 'vetting' Trump cabinet nominations". The Daily Dot. January 10, 2017.
  122. ^ "The Alt-Right Comes to Washington". Politico.
  123. ^ "Alt-Right Anti-Semitism Debate: Vox Day vs Louise Mensch: Part One". Heat Street. May 28, 2016.
  124. ^ "The Alt-Right Hails Its Victorious God Emperor". The New Yorker. November 12, 2016.
  125. ^ Fausset, Richard (November 18, 2016). "As Trump Rises, So Do Some Hands Waving Confederate Battle Flags". The New York Times.
  126. ^ "Tila Tequila becomes latest alt-right troll to be banished from Twitter". News.com.au. November 23, 2016.
  127. ^ "White Nationalists and Nazi-Saluting Tila Tequila Toast 'Emperor Trump' in Washington, DC". The Daily Beast. November 19, 2016.
  128. ^ "An Alt-Right Makeover Shrouds the Swastikas". New York Times. December 10, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
  129. ^ "The Battle Over Adult Swim's Alt-Right TV Show". The Atlantic. November 17, 2016. Million Dollar Extreme, which premiered in August, is also from the mind of Sam Hyde, an unapologetic member of the alt-right
  • The dictionary definition of alt-right at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Alt-right at Wikimedia Commons
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alt-right&oldid=773646987"