Jana Gana Mana

This article is about the national anthem of India. For the song from which the anthem was excerpted, see Jana Gana Mana (hymn). For the 2012 film, see Jana Gana Mana (film).

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English: Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People
Jana Gana Mana
File:Janaganamana-score.png Sheet music for "Jana Gana Mana".
National anthem of India
Lyrics	Rabindranath Tagore, 1911
Music	Rabindranath Tagore, 1911
Adopted	24 January 1950
Audio sample
Jana Gana Mana (Instrumental) file help

Jana Gana Mana is the national anthem of India. Written in highly Sanskritised (Tatsama) Bengali, it is the first of five stanzas of a Brahmo hymn composed and scored by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. It was first sung in Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on 27 December 1911. "Jana Gana Mana" was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem on 24 January 1950. 27 December 2011 marked the completion of 100 years of Jana Gana Mana since it was sung for the first time.

The original poem written by Rabindranath Tagore was translated into Hindi by Abid Ali. The original Hindi version of the song Jana Gana Mana, translated by Ali and based on the poem by Tagore, was a little different. It was "Sukh Chain Ki Barkha Barase, Bharat Bhagya Hai Jaga....". Jana Gana Mana was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem on 24 January 1950.

A formal rendition of the national anthem takes fifty-two seconds. A shortened version consisting of the first and last lines (and taking about 20 seconds to play) is also staged occasionally. Tagore wrote down the English translation of the song and along with Margaret Cousins (an expert in European music and wife of Irish poet James Cousins), set down the notation at Madanapalle in Andhra Pradesh, which is followed only when the song is sung in the original slow rendition style of singing. However, when the National Anthem version of the song is sung, it is done in the traditional grandiose Martial Style of music.

Lyrics

The text, though Bengali, is highly sanskritised (written in a literary register called Sadhu bhasa). The song has been written almost entirely using nouns that also can function as verbs. Most of the nouns of the song are in use in all major languages in India. Therefore, the original song is quite clearly understandable, and in fact, remains almost unchanged in several widely different Indian languages. Also as quasi-Sanskrit text, it is acceptable in many modern Indic languages, but the pronunciation varies considerably across India. This is primarily because most Indic languages are abugidas in that certain unmarked consonants are assumed to have an inherent vowel, but conventions for this differ among the languages of India. The transcription below reflects the Bengali pronunciation, in both the Bengali script and romanization. The following are officially recognized versions of the national anthem by the Indian government, in some of the officially recognized languages.

জন গণ মন (Bengali)	Bengali romanization	NLK transliteration	जन गण मन (Devanagari)
জনগণমন-অধিনায়ক জয় হে, ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা । পঞ্জাব সিন্ধু গুজরাট মরাঠা, দ্রাবিড় উত্কল বঙ্গ । বিন্ধ্য হিমাচল যমুনা গঙ্গা, উচ্ছলজলধিতরঙ্গ । তব শুভ নামে জাগে, তব শুভ আশিস মাগে, গাহে তব জয়গাথা । জনগণমঙ্গলদায়ক জয় হে, ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা । জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় জয় জয়, জয় হে ।।	Jônôgônômônô-odhinayôkô jôyô he Bharôtôbhagyôbidhata Pônjabô Sindhu Gujôraṭô Môraṭha Drabiṛo Utkôlô Bônggô Bindhyô Himachôlô Jômuna Gôngga Uchhôlôjôlôdhitôrônggô Tôbô shubhô name jage Tôbô shubhô ashisô mage Gahe tôbô jôyôgatha Jônôgônômônggôlôdayôkô jôyô he Bharôtôbhagyôbidhata Jôyô he, jôyô he, jôyô he, jôyô jôyô jôyô, jôyô he	Jana-gaṇa-mana adhināyaka jaya he Bhārata bhāgya vidhātā Pañjāba Sindh Gujarāṭa Marāṭhā Drāviḍa Utkala Baṅga Vindhya Himācala Yamunā Gaṅgā Ucchala jaladhi taraṅga Tava śubha nāme jāge Tava śubha āśiṣa māge Gāhe tava jaya gāthā Jana gaṇa maṅgala dāyaka jaya he Bhārata bhāgya vidhāta Jaya he, jaya he, jaya he Jaya jaya jaya, jaya he	जन-गण-मन अधिनायक जय हे भारत-भाग्य-विधाता । पंजाब सिंध गुजरात मराठा द्राविड़ उत्कल बंग । विंध्य हिमाचल यमुना गंगा, उच्छल जलधि तरंग । तव शुभ नामे जागे, तव शुभ आशिष माँगे; गाहे तव जय गाथा । जन-गण मंगलदायक जय हे, भारत-भाग्य-विधाता । जय हे, जय हे, जय हे, जय जय जय, जय हे ।।

ਜਨ ਗਣ ਮਨ (Punjabi)	ജന ഗണ മന (Malayalam)	జన గణ మన (Telugu)	જન ગણ મન (Gujarati)	جن گن من (Urdu)
ਜਨ ਗਣ ਮਨ ਅਧਿਨਾਅਕ ਜਯ ਹੇ ਭਾਰਤ ਭਾਙ ਵਿਧਾਤਾ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਸਿੰਧ ਗੁਜਰਾਤ ਮਰਾਠਾ ਦ੍ਰਾਵਿੜ ਉਤਕਲ ਬੰਗ ਵਿਨਧਯ ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਯਮੁਨਾ ਗੰਗਾ ਉੱਛਲ ਜਲਧਿ ਤਰੰਗਾ ਤਵ ਸ਼ੁਭ ਨਾਮੇ ਜਾਗੇ ਤਵ ਸ਼ੁਭ ਆਸ਼ਿਸ਼ ਮਾਗੇ ਗਾਹੇ ਤਵ ਜਯ ਗਾਥਾ ਜਨ ਗਣ ਮੰਗਲ ਦਾਅਕ ਜਯ ਹੇ ਭਾਰਤ ਭਾਙ ਵਿਧਾਤਾ ਜਯ ਹੇ ਜਯ ਹੇ ਜਯ ਹੇ ਜਯ ਜਯ ਜਯ ਜਯ ਹੇ	ജന ഗണ മന അധിനായക ജയ ഹേ ഭാരത ഭാഗ്യ വിധാതാ, പഞ്ചാബ സിന്ധു ഗുജറാത്ത മറാഠാ ദ്രാവിഡ ഉത്ക്കല ബംഗാ, വിന്ധ്യ ഹിമാചല യമുനാ ഗംഗാ, ഉച്ഛല ജലധി തരംഗാ, തവ ശുഭ നാമേ ജാഗേ, തവ ശുഭ ആശിഷ മാഗേ, ഗാഹേ തവ ജയ ഗാഥാ, ജന ഗണ മംഗല ദായക ജയ ഹേ ഭാരത ഭാഗ്യ വിധാതാ. ജയ ഹേ, ജയ ഹേ, ജയ ഹേ ജയ ജയ ജയ ജയ ഹേ!	జన గణ మన అధినాయక జయహే భారత భాగ్య విధాత పంజాబ, సింధు, గుజరాత, మరాఠ ద్రావిడ, ఉత్కళ, వంగ, వింధ్య, హిమాచల, యమునా, గంగ, ఉచ్ఛల జలధి తరంగ తవ శుభ నామే జాగే, తవశుభ ఆశిష మాగే; గాహే తవజయ గాథ.. జన గణ మంగళ దాయక జయహే, భారత భాగ్య విధాత, జయహే, జయహే, జయహే, జయ జయ జయ జయహే.	જન ગણ મન અધિનાયક જય હે ભારત ભાગ્ય વિધાતા પંજાબ સિંધુ ગુજરાત મરાઠા દ્રાવિડ ઉત્કલ બંગ વિંધ્ય હિમાચલ યમુના ગંગા ઉચ્છલ જલધિ તરંગ તવ શુભ નામે જાગે તવ શુભ આશિષ માંગે ગાહે તવ જય ગાથા જન ગણ મંગલદાયક જય હે ભારત ભાગ્ય વિધાતા જય હે, જય હે, જય હે, જય જય જય, જય હે	جن گن من ادھینایک جے ہے بھارت بھاگیہ ودھاتا پنجاب سندھ گجرات مراٹھا دراوڑ اتکل بنگہ وندھیہ ہماچل جمنا گنگا اچھل جلدھی ترنگا تو شبھ نامے جاگے تو شبھ آشس ماگے گاہے تو جے گاتھا جن گن منگل دایک جے ہے بھارت بھاگیہ ودھاتا جے ہے جے ہے جے ہے جے جے جے جے ہے

ஜன கன மன (Tamil)	ಜನ ಗಣ ಮನ (Kannada)	ଜନ ଗଣ ମନ (Odiya)
ஜன-கண-மன அதிநாயக ஜயகே பாரத் பாக்ய விதாதா பஞ்சாப சிந்து குஜராத மராத்தா திராவிட உத்கல பங்க விந்திய ஹிமாச்சல யமுனா கங்கா உச்சல சலதி தரங்க தவ சுபா நாமே சாகே தவ சுபா ஆசிச மாகே காகே தவ செயா காதா சன கன மங்கள தாயக செயகே பாரத் பாக்ய விதாதா செயகே, செயகே, செயகே, செய செய செய , செயகே.	ಜನ ಗಣ ಮನ ಅಧಿನಾಯಕ ಜಯ ಹೇ ಭಾರತ ಭಾಗ್ಯ ವಿಧಾತಾ ಪಂಜಾಬ ಸಿಂಧು ಗುಜರಾತ ಮರಾಥಾ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಉತ್ಕಲ ಭಂಗ ವಿಂಧ್ಯ ಹಿಮಾಚಲ ಯಮುನಾ ಗಂಗಾ ಉಚ್ಛಲ ಜಲಧಿ ತರಂಗ ತವ ಸುಭ ನಾಮೇ ಜಾಗೆ ತವ ಸುಭ ಅಶಿಸ ಮಾಗೇ ಗಾಹೇ ತವ ಜಯ ಗಾಥಾ ಜನ ಗಣ ಮಂಗಳ ಧಾಯಕ ಜಯ ಹೇ ಭಾರತ ಭಾಗ್ಯ ವಿಧಾತಾ ಜಯ ಹೇ, ಜಯ ಹೇ, ಜಯ ಹೇ ಜಯ ಜಯ ಜಯ, ಜಯ ಹೇ.	ଜନ ଗଣ ମନ ଅଧୀନାୟକ ଜୟ ହେ, ଭାରତ ଭାଗ୍ୟ ବିଧାତା । ପଞ୍ଜାଵ ସିନ୍ଧୁ ଗୁଜରାଟ ମରାଠା, ଦ୍ରାଵିଡ଼ ଉତ୍କଳ ବଙ୍ଗ । ବିନ୍ଧ୍ୟ ହିମାଚଳ ଯମୁନା ଗଙ୍ଗା, ଉଚ୍ଛଳ ଜଳଧି ତରଙ୍ଗ । ତବ ଶୁଭ ନାମେ ଜାଗେ, ତବ ଶୁଭ ଆଶିଷ ମାଗେ; ଗାଏ ତଵ ଜୟ ଗାଥା । ଜନ ଗଣ ମଙ୍ଗଳଦାୟକ ଜୟ ହେ, ଭାରତ ଭାଗ୍ୟ ବିଧାତା । ଜୟ ହେ ଜୟ ହେ ଜୟ ହେ । ଜୟ ଜୟ ଜୟ ଜୟ ହେ ॥

English translation

Rabindranath Tagore

The following translation (edited in 1950 to replace Sindh with Sindhu as Sindh after partition was allocated to Pakistan), attributed to Tagore, is provided by the Government of India's national portal:

Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people,
Dispenser of India's destiny.
Thy name rouses the hearts of Punjab, Sindh province/Sindh,
Gujarat and Maratha,
Of the Dravida and Odisha and Bengal;
It echoes in the hills of the Vindhyas and Himalayas,
mingles in the music of Yamuna and Ganga and is
chanted by the waves of the Indian Ocean.
They pray for thy blessings and sing thy praise.
The saving of all people waits in thy hand,
Thou dispenser of India's destiny.
Victory, victory, victory to thee.

Musical composition and English translation

File:Courtyard in Madanapalle.jpg

Courtyard in Madanapalle where Jana Gana Mana was first sung.

Rabindranath Tagore translated "Jana Gana Mana" from Bengali to English and also set it to music in Madanapalle, a town located in the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh state, India. Though the Bengali song had been written in 1911, it was largely unknown except to the readers of the Brahmo Samaj journal, Tatva Bodha Prakasika, of which Tagore was the editor.

During 1919, Tagore accepted an invitation from friend and controversial Irish poet James H. Cousins to spend a few days at the Besant Theosophical College situated at Madanapalle of which Cousins was the principal. On the evening of 28 February 1919 he joined a gathering of students and upon Cousins' request, sang the Jana Gana Mana in Bengali. The college authorities, greatly impressed by the lofty ideals of the song and the praise to God, selected it as their prayer song. In the days that followed, enchanted by the dreamy hills of Madanapalle, Tagore wrote down the English translation of the song and along with Cousins' wife, Margaret (an expert in Western music), set down the notation which is followed till this day. The song was carried beyond the borders of India by the college students and became The Morning Song of India and subsequently the national anthem.

Today, in the library of Besant Theosophical College in Madanapalle, the framed original English translation of Jana gana Mana, titled as The Morning Song of India in Tagore's handwriting, is displayed.

Code of conduct

The National Anthem of India is played or sung on various occasions. Instructions have been issued from time to time about the correct versions of the Anthem, the occasions on which these are to be played or sung, and about the need for paying respect to the anthem by observance of proper decorum on such occasions. The substance of these instructions has been embodied in the information sheet issued by the government of India for general information and guidance.

Controversy

Controversy shadowed Jana Gana Mana from the day of its first rendition in 1911 at the Congress session in Calcutta. King George V was scheduled to arrive in the city on 30 December and a section of the Anglo-Indian English press in Calcutta thought – and duly reported – that Tagore's anthem was a homage to the emperor.

The poet claims in a letter written in 1939: "I should only insult myself if I cared to answer those who consider me capable of such unbounded stupidity." In another letter to Pulin Behari Sen, Tagore later wrote, "A certain high official in His Majesty's service, who was also my friend, had requested that I write a song of felicitation towards the Emperor. The request simply amazed me. It caused a great stir in my heart. In response to that great mental turmoil, I pronounced the victory in Jana Gana Mana of that Bhagya Vidhata [ed. God of Destiny] of India who has from age after age held steadfast the reins of India's chariot through rise and fall, through the straight path and the curved. That Lord of Destiny, that Reader of the Collective Mind of India, that Perennial Guide, could never be George V, George VI, or any other George. Even my official friend understood this about the song. After all, even if his admiration for the crown was excessive, he was not lacking in simple common sense."

In July 1985, in the state of Kerala, some of the Jehovah's Witnesses children were expelled from school under the instructions of Deputy Inspector of Schools for having refused to sing the national anthem, Jana Gana Mana. A parent, V. J. Emmanuel, appealed to the Supreme Court of India for legal remedy. On August 11, 1986, the Supreme Court overruled the Kerala High Court, and directed the respondent authorities to re-admit the children into the school. The decision went on to add, "Our tradition teaches tolerance, our philosophy teaches tolerance, our Constitution practices tolerance, let us not dilute it".

See also

• Jana Gana Mana (hymn) for lyrics of all 5 stanzas and controversies in detail
• The Morning Song of India  – via Wikisource.English Interpretation of Full "Jana Gana Mana" in Tagore's handwriting anthem of Bangladesh.

References

• Dutta, K; Robinson, A (1995), Rabindranath Tagore, St. Martin's Press, ISBN 0-312-14030-4

External links

• India: Jana Gana Mana – Audio of the national anthem of India, with information and lyrics
• My India My Pride – Know India. National Portal of India. Government of India. (Also contains the official version of the Indian National Anthem in audio format as well as in video format)
• Indian Anthem in MIDI Format.
• A rendition of Indian Anthem in MP3 format from the Indian embassy in Lisbon, Portugal.
• Genesis of Jana Gana Mana
• Jana Gana Mana (India's National Anthem) – An Inferential Linguistic Analysis from The Hamilton Institute

with The Complete English Translation

• 100 years since 'Jana Gana Mana' was born detail history.