Voiceless palatal approximant
| Voiceless palatal approximant | |
|---|---|
| j̊ | |
| IPA number | 153 402A |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | j̊ |
| Unicode (hex) | U+006A U+030A |
| X-SAMPA | j_0 |
The voiceless palatal approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in a few spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ j̊ ⟩, the voiceless homologue of the voiced palatal approximant.
The palatal approximant can in many cases be considered the semivocalic equivalent of the voiceless variant of the close front unrounded vowel [i̥]. The two are almost identical featurally.
This sound is essentially an ordinary English ⟨y⟩ (as in year) pronounced without vibration of the vocal cords. This sound is uncommon in English, although it was reported in Harold Orton's The Phonology of a South Durham Dialect.[1]
It is found as a phoneme in Jalapa Mazatec and Washo as well as Kildin Sami.
Features
Features of the voiceless palatal approximant:
- Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but not enough to produce a turbulent airstream.
- Its place of articulation is palatal, which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jalapa Mazatec[2] | [example needed] | Contrasts voiceless /j̊/, plain voiced /j/ and glottalized voiced /ȷ̃/ approximants.[2] | |||
| Scottish Gaelic[3] | a-muigh | [əˈmuj̊] | 'outside' (directional) | Allophone of /j/ and /ʝ/. See Scottish Gaelic phonology | |
| Washo | t'á:Yaŋi | [ˈťaːj̊aŋi] | 'he's hunting' | Contrasts voiceless /j̊/ and voiced /j/ approximants. | |
Notes
- ^ Orton 2015, see phonetic symbols in introduction
- ^ a b Silverman et al. (1995), p. 83.
- ^ Bauer, Michael. "Final devoicing or Why does naoidh sound like Nɯiç?". Akerbeltz. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
References
- Orton, Harold (2015-07-03) [1933], The Phonology of a South Durham Dialect: Descriptive, Historical, and Comparative, Routledge
- Silverman, Daniel; Blankenship, Barbara; Kirk, Paul; Ladefoged, Peter (1995), "Phonetic Structures in Jalapa Mazatec", Anthropological Linguistics, 37 (1), The Trustees of Indiana University: 70–88, JSTOR 30028043
