Bilabial ejective stop
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| Bilabial ejective stop | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| pʼ | |||
| IPA number | 101 + 401 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | pʼ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0070 U+02BC | ||
| X-SAMPA | p_> | ||
| Braille |    | ||
| |||
A bilabial ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨pʼ⟩.
Features
[edit]Features of a bilabial ejective stop:
* Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, it is a plosive.
* Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
* It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
*Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the median–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
* The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.
Occurrence
[edit]In addition to the languages listed below, this sound is also a common phonological feature of the Ethiopian linguistic area, especially Ethiopian Semitic languages.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | пӏакӏэ / ṗaķe / ࢠاڃە | ⓘ | 'thin' | ||
| Amharic | ጴጥሮስ / p̣iéṭros | [pʼetʼros] | 'Peter' | ||
| Armenian | Yerevan dialect[1] | պոչ / pochʿ | [pʼotʃʰ] | 'tail' | Corresponds to tenuis [p⁼] in other Eastern dialects |
| Chechen | пӏелг / phelg / ڢەلگ | [pʼelɡ] | 'finger' | ||
| Damin | p'ngu | [pʼŋu] | 'after' | Varies with a "bilabial spurt" [ʘ↑] | |
| Ganza[2]: 95 | [pʼá̰bḭ́] | 'gathering' | |||
| Georgian | პეპელა / pepela | [pʼɛpʼɛlɑ] | 'butterfly' | ||
| Hadza | hûbbu | [ɦuːpʼu] | 'to lift something heavy' | (mimetic) | |
| Haida | ttappad | [tʼapʼat] | 'to break' | (mimetic) | |
| Halkomelem | p̓əq̓ | [pʼəqʼ] | 'white' | ||
| Kabardian | цӏапӏэ / çaṗe / ڗاࢠه | ⓘ | 'mean' | ||
| Kunigami | p'aapaa | [pʼaːpaː] | 'grandmother' | ||
| Lushootseed | Northern Lushootseed | p̓uay̓ | [pʼuˈɑjʼ] | 'flounder' | |
| Nez Perce | p’íłin | [ˈpʼiɬin] | 'hole' | ||
| Ossetian | Iron | пъовыр / phovyr | [ˈpʼovɪ̈r] | 'cook' | |
| Quechua | p’acha | [pʼat͡ʃa] | 'clothes' | ||
| Ubykh | wıp'ts'e | [wɨpʼtsʼɜ] | 'your name' | See Ubykh phonology | |
| Yurok[3] | kaap' | [kaːpʼ] | 'leaves' | ||
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ↑ Dum-Tragut (2009:17–18)
- ↑ Smolders, Joshua (2016). "A Phonology of Ganza" (pdf). Linguistic Discovery. 14 (1): 86–144. doi:10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.470. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ↑ "Yurok consonants". Yurok Language Project. UC Berkeley. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2021-04-17.
References
[edit]- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009). Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. London Oriental and African Language Library. Vol. 14. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. ISBN 978-90-272-8879-0. LCCN 2009037609.
