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Not to be confused with Guandong.

Template:Infobox PRC province

Guangdong
"Guangdong" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Simplified Chinese广东
Traditional Chinese廣東
JyutpingGwong2-dung1
Literal meaning"Eastern Expanse"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinGuǎngdōng
Bopomofoㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄉㄨㄥ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhGoangdong
Wade–GilesKuang3-tung1
Tongyong PinyinGuǎngdong
Yale RomanizationGwǎngdūng
MPS2Guǎng dūng or
Guǎng-dūng
IPA[kwàŋ.tʊ́ŋ] ⓘ
Wu
Romanizationkuaon tong
Hakka
RomanizationGong3dung1 or
Kóng-tûng
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationGwóng-dūng
JyutpingGwong2-dung1
Canton RomanizationGuong2-dung1
IPA[kʷɔŋ˧˥.tʊŋ˥]
other Yue
TaishaneseKwong˧˥ tung˥
Southern Min
Hokkien POJKńg-tang
Hainanese RomanizationKèng-dang
Leizhou RomanizationGèng-tang
Eastern Min
Fuzhou BUCGuōng-dĕ̤ng
Middle Chinese
Middle ChinesekwangX tung
Abbreviation
Simplified Chinese粤
Traditional Chinese粵
JyutpingJyut6
Literal meaning[an ancient name for southern China's Yue people]
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinYuè
Bopomofoㄩㄝˋ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhYueh
Wade–GilesYüeh4
Tongyong PinyinYuè
Yale RomanizationYwè
MPS2Yuè
IPA[ɥê]
Hakka
RomanizationYet6 or Ye̍t
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationYuht
JyutpingJyut6
Canton RomanizationYüd6
IPA[jyt̚˨]
other Yue
TaishaneseYut ˨
Southern Min
Tâi-lôO̍at
Leizhou RomanizationO̍et

Guangdong (Chinese: 广东, pronunciationⓘ) is a province in South China, located on the South China Sea coast. Traditionally romanised as Kwangtung, Guangdong surpassed Henan and Shandong to become the most populous province in China in January 2005, registering 79.1 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year;[1][2] the total population was 104,303,132 in the 2010 census, accounting for 7.79 percent of Mainland China's population.[3] This also makes it the most populous first-level administrative subdivision of any country outside of South Asia, as its population is surpassed only by those of the Pakistani province of Punjab[4] and the Indian states of Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh.[5] The provincial capital Guangzhou and economic hub Shenzhen are among the most populous and important cities in China. The population increase since the census has been modest, the province registering 108,500,000 people in 2015.[6]

Most of Guangdong Province is administered by the People's Republic of China (PRC). However, the archipelagos of Pratas in the South China Sea are controlled by the Republic of China (ROC, a.k.a. Taiwan). Thus, there are two provincial entities: the Guangdong Province administered by the PRC and the Guangdong Province of the ROC.[7][8]

Since 1989, Guangdong has topped the total GDP rankings among all provincial-level divisions, with Jiangsu and Shandong second and third in rank. According to state statistics, Guangdong's GDP in 2017 reached 1.42 trillion US dollars (CNY 8.99 trillion), making its economy roughly the same size as Mexico. Since 1989, Guangdong has had the highest GDP among all provinces of Mainland China. The province contributes approximately 12% of the PRC's national economic output, and is home to the production facilities and offices of a wide-ranging set of Chinese and foreign corporations. Guangdong also hosts the largest import and export fair in China, the Canton Fair, hosted in the provincial capital of Guangzhou.

Name

"Guǎng" (simplified Chinese: 广; traditional Chinese: 廣) means "expanse" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226.[9] "Guangdong" and neighbouring Guangxi literally mean "expanse east" and "expanse west". Together, Guangdong and Guangxi are called Loeng gwong (Liangkwang; traditional Chinese: 兩廣; simplified Chinese: 两广; pinyin: liǎng guǎng; Cantonese Yale: léuhng gwóng; lit. 'Two Expanses'). During the Song dynasty, the Two Guangs were formally separated as Guǎngnán Dōnglù (廣南東路; 广南东路; 'vast south east region') and Guǎngnán Xīlù (廣南西路; 广南西路; 'vast south west region'), which became abbreviated as Guǎngdōng Lù (廣東路; 广东路) and Guǎngxī Lù (廣西路; 广西路).

"Canton", though etymologically derived from Cantão (the Portuguese transliteration of "Guangdong"), refers only to the provincial capital instead of the whole province, as documented by authoritative English dictionaries. The local people of the city of Guangzhou (Canton) and their language are called Cantonese in English. Because of the prestige of Canton and its accent, Cantonese sensu lato can also be used for the phylogenetically related residents and Chinese dialects outside the provincial capital.

History

Kwangtung Provincial Government of the Republic of China

The Neolithic appeared in the Pearl River Delta 珠江三角洲 7,000 years before present (BP), with the early period from around 7000 to 5000 BP (c. 5050–3050 BC), and the late period from about 5000 to 3500 BP (c. 3050–1550 BC). In coastal Guangdong, the Neolithic was likely introduced from the middle Yangtze River area (Jiao 2013). In inland Guangdong, the Neolithic apppeared in Guangdong 4,600 years before present (BP). The Neolithic in northern inland Guangdong is represented by the Shixia culture 石峡文化, which occurred from 4600–4200 BP (c. 2650–2250 BC).[10]

Originally inhabited by a mixture of tribal groups known to the Chinese as the Baiyue ("Hundred Yue"), the region first became part of China during the Qin dynasty. Chinese administration and reliable historical records in the region began with the Qin dynasty. After establishing the first unified Chinese empire, the Qin expanded southwards and set up Nanhai Commandery at Panyu, near what is now part of Guangzhou. The region was independent as Nanyue between the fall of Qin and the reign of Emperor Wu of Han. The Han dynasty administered Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam as Jiaozhi Province, southernmost Jiaozhi Province was used as a gateway for traders from the west—as far away as the Roman Empire. Under the Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms period, Guangdong was made its own province, the Guang Province, in 226. [citation needed]

As time passed, the demographics of what is now Guangdong gradually shifted to (Han) Chinese dominance as the populations intermingled due to commerce along the great canals, and abruptly shifted through massive migration from the north during periods of political turmoil and nomadic incursions from the fall of the Han dynasty onwards. For example, internal strife in northern China following the rebellion of An Lushan resulted in a 75% increase in the population of Guangzhou prefecture between 740s–750s and 800s–810s.[11] As more migrants arrived, the local population was gradually assimilated to Han Chinese culture[12] or displaced.

Together with Guangxi, Guangdong was made part of Lingnan Circuit (political division Circuit), or Mountain-South Circuit, in 627 during the Tang dynasty. The Guangdong part of Lingnan Circuit was renamed Guangnan East Circuit guǎng nán dōng lù in 971 during the Song dynasty (960–1279). "Guangnan East" is the source of "Guangdong". [citation needed]

As Mongols from the north engaged in their conquest of China in the 13th century, the Southern Song court fled southwards from its capital in Hangzhou. The defeat of the Southern Song court by Mongol naval forces in The Battle of Yamen 1279 in Guangdong marked the end of the Southern Song dynasty (960–1279).[13]

During the Mongol Yuan dynasty, large parts of current Guangdong belonged to Jiangxi.[14] Its present name, "Guangdong Province" was given in early Ming dynasty.

Since the 16th century, Guangdong has had extensive trade links with the rest of the world. European merchants coming northwards via the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea, particularly the Portuguese and British, traded extensively through Guangzhou. Macau, on the southern coast of Guangdong, was the first European settlement in 1557. [citation needed]

In the 19th century, the opium traded through Guangzhou triggered the First Opium War, opening an era of Western imperialists' incursion and intervention in China. In addition to Macau, which was then a Portuguese colony, Hong Kong was ceded to the British, and Kwang-Chou-Wan (modern day area of Zhanjiang) to the French.[citation needed]

Due to the large number of people that emigrated out of the Guangdong province, many overseas Chinese communities have their origins in Guangdong. The Cantonese language, therefore, has proportionately more speakers among overseas Chinese people than mainland Chinese. Consequently, many Mandarin Chinese words originally of foreign origin come from the original foreign language by way of Cantonese. For example, the Mandarin word níngméng (simplified Chinese: 柠檬; traditional Chinese: 檸檬), meaning "Lemon", came from Cantonese, in which the characters are pronounced as lìng mung.[15] In the United States, there is a large number of Chinese who are descendants of immigrants from the city of Taishan (Toisan in Cantonese), who speak a distinctive dialect related to Cantonese called Taishanese (or Toishanese).

During the 1850s, the Taiping Rebellion, whose leader Hong Xiuquan was born in Guangdong and received a pamphlet from a Protestant Christian missionary in Guangdong, became a widespread civil war in southern China. Because of direct contact with the West, Guangdong was the center of anti-Manchu and anti-imperialist activity. The generally acknowledged founder of modern China, Sun Yat-sen, was also from Guangdong.

During the early 1920s of the Republic of China, Guangdong was the staging area for Kuomintang (KMT) to prepare for the Northern Expedition, an effort to bring the various warlords of China back under the central government. Whampoa Military Academy was built near Guangzhou to train military commanders.

In recent years, the province has seen extremely rapid economic growth, aided in part by its close trading links with Hong Kong, which borders it. It is now the province with the highest gross domestic product in China.

In 1952, a small section of Guangdong's coastline was given to Guangxi, giving it access to the sea. This was reversed in 1955, and then restored in 1965. Hainan Island was originally part of Guangdong, but it was separated as its own province in 1988.

Geography

Pearl River and Humen Bridge

Guangdong faces the South China Sea to the south and has a total of 4,300 km (2,700 mi) of coastline. Leizhou Peninsula is on the southwestern end of the province. There are a few inactive volcanoes on Leizhou Peninsula. The Pearl River Delta is the convergent point of three upstream rivers: the East River, North River, and West River. The river delta is filled with hundreds of small islands. The province is geographically separated from the north by a few mountain ranges collectively called the Nan Mountains (Nan Ling). The highest peak in the province is Shikengkong with an elevation of 6,240 feet (1,902 meters) above sea level.

Guangdong borders Fujian to the northeast, Jiangxi and Hunan to the north, Guangxi autonomous region to the west, and Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions to the south. Hainan is offshore across from the Leizhou Peninsula. The Pratas Islands, which were traditionally governed as part of Guangdong, are now administered by the Republic of China on Taiwan.[16]

Cities around the Pearl River Delta include Dongguan, Foshan, Guangzhou, Huizhou, Jiangmen, Shenzhen, Shunde, Taishan, Zhongshan and Zhuhai. Other cities in the province include Chaozhou, Chenghai, Nanhai, Shantou, Shaoguan, Zhanjiang, Zhaoqing, Yangjiang and Yunfu.

Guangdong has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa inland, Cwa along the coast), though nearing a tropical climate in the far south. Winters are short, mild, and relatively dry, while summers are long, hot, and very wet. Average daily highs in Guangzhou in January and July are 18 °C (64 °F) and 33 °C (91 °F), respectively, although the humidity makes it feel much hotter in summer. Frost is rare on the coast but may happen a few days each winter well inland.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Guangdong

The economy of Guangdong is large enough to be compared to that of many countries. In 2017, the gross domestic product (GDP) is about $1331.19 billion, Guangdong has been the largest province by GDP since 1989 in Mainland China. Guangdong is responsible for 10.87 percent of the China' $12.25 trillion GDP.[17] In 2015, Guangdong's GDP was slightly larger than that of Mexico ranking 15th in terms of US dollar or Purchasing Power Parity. Comparable to that of country subdivisions in dollar terms, Guangdong's GDP is larger than that of all but 6 country subdivisions: England, California, Texas, New York and Tokyo. It is comparable to the GDP of the Los Angeles metropolitan area.

Shops in one of the streets of Guangzhou specialize in selling various electronic components, supplying the needs of local consumer electronics manufacturers. The shop in front is in the LED business.

This is a trend of official estimates of the gross domestic product of the Province of Guangdong with figures in millions of Chinese Yuan:

Historical GDP of Guangdong Province for 1978 –present (SNA2008)[18]
(purchasing power parity of Chinese Yuan, as Int'l.dollar based on IMF WEO October 2017[19])
year GDP GDP per capita (GDPpc)
 based on mid-year population 		Reference index
GDP in millions real
growth
(%) 		GDPpc exchange rate
1 foreign currency
to CNY
CNY USD PPP
(Int'l$.) 		CNY USD PPP
(Int'l$.) 		USD 1 Int'l$. 1
(PPP)
2016 8,085,491 1,217,273 2,306,121 7.5 74,016 11,143 21,111 6.6423 3.5061
2015 7,402,743 1,188,546 2,085,809 8.0 68,629 11,019 19,337 6.2284 3.5491
2014 6,890,143 1,121,662 1,940,721 7.8 64,491 10,499 18,165 6.1428 3.5503
2013 6,345,544 1,024,599 1,774,034 8.5 59,756 9,649 16,706 6.1932 3.5769
2012 5,799,354 918,710 1,633,253 8.2 54,973 8,709 15,482 6.3125 3.5508
2011 5,395,920 835,437 1,539,273 10.0 51,523 7,977 14,698 6.4588 3.5055
2010 4,657,712 688,044 1,406,909 12.4 45,284 6,689 13,678 6.7695 3.3106
2005 2,272,329 277,394 794,799 14.1 24,828 3,031 8,684 8.1917 2.8590
2000 1,081,021 130,583 397,536 11.5 12,818 1,548 4,714 8.2784 2.7193
1990 155,903 32,594 91,568 11.6 2,484 519 1,459 4.7832 1.7026
1980 24,965 16,661 16,693 16.6 481 321 322 1.4984 1.4955
1978 18,585 11,039 1.0 370 220 1.6836

After the communist revolution and until the start of the Deng Xiaoping reforms in 1978, Guangdong was an economic backwater, although a large underground, service-based economy has always existed. Economic development policies encouraged industrial development in the interior provinces which were weakly joined to Guangdong via transportation links. The government policy of economic autarky made Guangdong's access to the ocean irrelevant.[citation needed]

Deng Xiaoping's open door policy radically changed the economy of the province as it was able to take advantage of its access to the ocean, proximity to Hong Kong, and historical links to overseas Chinese. In addition, until the 1990s when the Chinese taxation system was reformed, the province benefited from the relatively low rate of taxation placed on it by the central government due to its post-Liberation status of being economically backward.[citation needed]

Guangdong's economic boom began with the early 1990s and has since spread to neighboring provinces, and also pulled their populations inward. The economic growth of Guangdong province owes much to the low-value-added manufacturing which characterized (and in many ways still defines) the province's economy following Deng Xiaoping's reforms. Guangdong is not only China's largest exporter of goods, it is the country's largest importer as well.[20]

The province is now one of the richest in the nation, with the most billionaires in mainland China,[21] the highest GDP among all the provinces, although wage growth has only recently begun to rise due to a large influx of migrant workers from neighboring provinces. In 2011, Guangdong's aggregate nominal GDP reached 5.30 trillion RMB (US$838.60 billion) with a per capita GDP of 47,689 RMB.[22] By 2015, the local government of Guangdong hopes that the service industry will account for more than 50 percent of the provinces GDP and high-tech manufacturing another 20 percent.[20]

In 2009, Guangdong's primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were worth 201 billion yuan, 1.93 trillion yuan, and 1.78 trillion yuan, respectively.[23] Its per capita GDP reached 40,748 yuan (about US$5,965).[24] Guangdong contributes approximately 12% of the total national economic output.[25] Now, it has three of the six Special Economic Zones: Shenzhen, Shantou and Zhuhai. The affluence of Guangdong, however, remains very concentrated near the Pearl River Delta.

In 2008 its foreign trade also grew 7.8% from the previous year and is also by far the largest of all of China. By numbers, Guangdong's foreign trade accounts for more than a quarter of China's US$2.56 trillion foreign trade or roughly US$683 billion.[26]

Economic and technological development zones

  • Foshan National New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone[27]
  • Guangzhou Development District
  • Guangzhou Export Processing Zone
  • Guangzhou Free Trade Zone
  • Guangzhou Nansha Economic and Technical Development Zone
  • Guangzhou Nanhu Lake Tourist Holiday Resort (Chinese Version)
  • Guangzhou New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
  • Huizhou Dayawan Economic and Technological Development Zone
  • Huizhou Export Processing Zone
  • Huizhou Zhongkai Hi-Tech Development Zone
  • Nansha Free Trade Zone
  • Shantou Free Trade Zone
  • Shatoujiao Free Trade Zone
  • Shenzhen Export Processing Zone
  • Shenzhen Futian Free Trade Zone[28]
  • Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park
  • Yantian Port Free Trade Zone
  • Zhanjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone (Chinese Version)
  • Zhuhai National Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
  • Zhuhai Free Trade Zone
  • Zhongshan Torch High-tech Industrial Development Zone

Demographics

Guangzhou is the third largest city in the People's Republic of China
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1912[29] 28,011,000—    
1928[30] 32,428,000+15.8%
1936-37[31] 32,453,000+0.1%
1947[32] 27,210,000−16.2%
1954[33] 34,770,059+27.8%
1964[34] 42,800,849+23.1%
1982[35] 59,299,220+38.5%
1990[36] 62,829,236+6.0%
2000[37] 85,225,007+35.6%
2010[38] 104,303,132+22.4%
Hainan Province part of Guangdong Province until 1988.
Guangzhou part of Guangdong Province until 1947; dissolved in 1954 and incorporated into Guangdong Province.

Guangdong officially became the most populous province in January 2005.[1][2] Official statistics had traditionally placed Guangdong as the 4th-most populous province of China with about 80 million people (also, Sichuan, traditionally the most populous province, was divided into Sichuan and Chongqing in 1997) but recently released information suggests that there are an additional 30 million migrants who reside in Guangdong for at least six months every year, making it the most populous province with a population of more than 110 million.[39] The massive influx of migrants from other provinces, dubbed the "floating population", is due to Guangdong's booming economy and high demand for labor. If Guangdong were an independent nation, it would rank among the twenty largest countries of the world by population, more populous than France, Germany, or the United Kingdom, and more populous than the largest three US states (California, Texas, and Florida) combined.

Guangdong is also the ancestral home of large numbers of overseas Chinese. Most of the railroad laborers in Canada, Western United States and Panama in the 19th century came from Guangdong. Many people from the region also travelled to the US / California during the gold rush of 1849, and also to Australia during its gold rush a decade or so later.

The majority of the province's population is Han Chinese. Within the Han Chinese, the largest subgroup in Guangdong are the Cantonese people. Two other major groups are the Teochew people in Chaoshan and the Hakka people in Huizhou, Meizhou, Heyuan, Shaoguan and Zhanjiang. There is a small Yao population in the north. Other smaller minority groups include She, Miao, Li, and Zhuang.

Religion in Guangdong (2012)[40]

  Non religious and traditional faiths[41] (92.7%)
  Buddhism (6.2%)
  Protestantism (0.8%)
  Catholicism (0.2%)

Guangdong has a highly unbalanced gender ratio that is among the highest of all provinces in China. According to a 2009 study published in the British Medical Journal, in the 1–4 age group, there are over 130 boys for every 100 girls.[42]

Religion

According to a 2012 survey[40] only around 7% of the population of Guangdong belongs to organised religions, the largest groups being Buddhists with 6.2%, followed by Protestants with 0.8% and Catholics with 0.2%. Around 93% of the population is either irreligious or may be involved in Chinese folk religions worshipping nature gods, ancestral deities, popular sects, Taoist traditions, Buddhist religious traditions & Confucian religious traditions.

According to a survey conducted in 2007, 43.71% of the population believes and is involved in ancestor veneration,[43] the traditional Chinese religion of the lineages organised into lineage churches and ancestral shrines.

The Buddhist Yuhua Temple in Ronggui, Shunde.
Temple of Huang Daxian in Guangzhou.
Temple of Nanhaishen (God of the Southern Sea) in Guangzhou.
Temple of Tianhou in Chiwan, Shenzhen.
Temple of the Chenghuangshen (City God) of Jieyang.
Temple of the Great Buddha in Guangzhou.

Politics

Main articles: Politics of Guangdong and List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China

Guangdong is governed by a dual-party system like the rest of China. The Governor is in charge of provincial affairs; however, the Communist Party Secretary, often from outside of Guangdong, keeps the Governor in check.

Relations with Hong Kong and Macau

Hong Kong and Macau, while historically parts of Guangdong before becoming colonies of the United Kingdom and Portugal, respectively, are special administrative regions (SARs). Furthermore, the Basic Laws of both SARs explicitly forbid provincial governments from intervening in local politics. As a result, many issues with Hong Kong and Macau, such as border policy and water rights, have been settled by negotiations between the SARs' governments and the Guangdong provincial government.

Media

Guangdong and the greater Guangzhou area are served by several Radio Guangdong stations, Guangdong Television, Southern Television Guangdong, Shenzhen Television, and Guangzhou Television. There is an English programme produced by Radio Guangdong which broadcasts information about this region to the entire world through the WRN Broadcast.

Culture

Main article: Lingnan culture
See also: Music of Guangdong

The central region, which is also the political and economic center, is populated predominantly by Yue Chinese speakers, though the influx in the last three decades of millions of Mandarin-speaking immigrants has slightly diminished Cantonese linguistic dominance. This region is associated with Cantonese cuisine. Cantonese opera is a form of Chinese opera popular in Cantonese speaking areas. Related Yue dialects are spoken in most of the western half of the province.

The area comprising the cities of Chaozhou, Shantou and Jieyang in coastal east Guangdong, known as Chaoshan, forms its own cultural sphere. The Teochew people here, along with Hailufeng people in Shanwei, speak Teochew, which is a Min dialect closely related to mainstream Southern Min (Hokkien) and their cuisine is Teochew cuisine. Teochew opera is also well-known and has a unique form.

The Hakka people live in large areas of Guangdong, including Huizhou, Meizhou, Shenzhen, Heyuan, Shaoguan and other areas. Much of the Eastern part of Guangdong is populated by the Hakka people except for the Chaozhou and Hailufeng area. Hakka culture include Hakka cuisine, Han opera (simplified Chinese: 汉剧; traditional Chinese: 漢劇), Hakka Hanyue and sixian (traditional instrumental music) and Hakka folk songs (客家山歌).

Zhanjiang in southern Guangdong is dominated by the Leizhou dialect, a variety of Minnan; Cantonese and Hakka are also spoken there.

Mandarin is the language used in education and government and in areas where there are migrants from other provinces, above all in Shenzhen. Cantonese maintains a strong and dominant position in common usage and media, even in eastern areas of the province where the local languages and dialects are non-Yue ones.

Guangdong Province is notable for being the birthplace of many famed Xiangqi (Chinese chess) grandmasters such as Lü Qin, Yang Guanli, Cai Furu and Xu Yinchuan.

Education

Colleges and universities

See also: List of universities and colleges in Guangdong

National

Provincial

Sports

List of current professional sports based in Guangdong:

Sport League Tier Club City Stadium
Football Chinese Super League 1st Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao F.C. Guangzhou Tianhe Stadium
Football Chinese Super League 1st Guangzhou R&F F.C. Guangzhou Yuexiushan Stadium
Football Hong Kong Premier League 1st R&F Guangzhou Yanzigang Stadium
Football China League One 2nd Shenzhen F.C. Shenzhen Shenzhen Stadium
Football China League One 2nd Meizhou Hakka F.C. Wuhua Wuhua County Stadium
Football China League One 2nd Meizhou Meixian Techand F.C. Meizhou Meixian Tsang Hin-chi Stadium
Football China League Two 3rd Shenzhen Ledman F.C. Shenzhen Bao'an Stadium
Football China League Two 3rd Shenzhen Pengcheng F.C. Shenzhen Xixiang Sports Center
Football China Women's League One 2nd Meizhou Hunjun Wuhua Wuhua County Stadium
Futsal China Futsal Super League 1st Shenzhen Nanling Tielang Shenzhen Qiushanshui Park Sports Centre
Futsal China Futsal Super League 1st Yingde Yanjiyou Yingde Yingde Gymnasium
Futsal China Futsal Super League 1st Zhuhai Mingshi Zhuhai Zhuhai Sports Centre
Basketball Chinese Basketball Association 1st Guangdong Southern Tigers Dongguan Nissan Sports Centre
Basketball Chinese Basketball Association 1st Shenzhen Leopards Shenzhen Shenzhen Universiade Sports Centre
Basketball Chinese Basketball Association 1st Guangzhou Long-Lions Guangzhou Tianhe Gymnasium
Basketball ASEAN Basketball League 1st Zhuhai Wolf Warriors Zhuhai Jinan University (Zhuhai Campus)
Basketball Women's Basketball Association 1st Guangdong Asia Aluminum Zhaoqing Zhaoqing Stadium
Volleyball Men's Volleyball League Div A 1st Guangdong GSports Shenzhen Shenzhen Gymnasium
Volleyball Women's Volleyball League Div A 1st Guangdong Evergrande Shenzhen Shenzhen Gymnasium
Volleyball Women's Volleyball League Div B 2nd Guangdong Jianlong Taishan Taishan Stadium
Baseball China Baseball League 1st Guangdong Leopards Guangzhou Huangcun Stadium
Table Tennis China Table Tennis Super League 1st Shenzhen Bao'an Mingjinhai Shenzhen Bao'an Stadium

Tourism

Notable attractions include Danxia Mountain, Yuexiu Hill, Baiyun Mountain in Guangzhou, Star Lake and the Seven Star Crags, Dinghu Mountain, and the Zhongshan Sun Wen Memorial Park for Sun Yat-sen in Zhongshan.

Administrative divisions

Main articles: List of administrative divisions of Guangdong and List of township-level divisions of Guangdong

Guangdong is divided into twenty-one prefecture-level divisions: all prefecture-level cities (including two sub-provincial cities):

Administrative divisions of Guangdong

  Prefecture-level city district areas   County-level cities

№ Division code[44] Division Area in km2[45] Population 2010[46] Seat Divisions[47]
Districts Counties Aut. counties CL cities
  440000 Guangdong Province 179800.00 104,303,132 Guangzhou city 65 34 3 20
9 440100 Guangzhou city 7434.40 12,701,948 Yuexiu District 11
2 440200 Shaoguan city 18412.53 2,826,246 Zhenjiang District 3 4 1 2
21 440300 Shenzhen city 1996.78 10,358,381 Futian District 9*
20 440400 Zhuhai city 1724.32 1,562,530 Xiangzhou District 3
14 440500 Shantou city 2248.39 5,389,328 Jinping District 6 1
8 440600 Foshan city 3848.49 7,197,394 Chancheng District 5
18 440700 Jiangmen city 9505.42 4,450,703 Pengjiang District 3 4
15 440800 Zhanjiang city 13225.44 6,994,832 Chikan District 4 2 3
16 440900 Maoming city 13225.44 5,817,494 Maonan District 2 3
6 441200 Zhaoqing city 14891.23 3,916,467 Duanzhou District 3 4 1
11 441300 Huizhou city 11342.98 4,598,402 Huicheng District 2 3
4 441400 Meizhou city 15864.51 4,238,461 Meijiang District 2 5 1
12 441500 Shanwei city 4861.79 2,935,469 Cheng District 1 2 1
3 441600 Heyuan city 15653.63 2,950,195 Yuancheng District 1 5
17 441700 Yangjiang city 7955.27 2,421,748 Jiangcheng District 2 1 1
1 441800 Qingyuan city 19152.90 3,698,412 Qingcheng District 2 2 2 2
10 441900 Dongguan city** 2465.00 8,220,207 Nancheng Subdistrict
19 442000 Zhongshan city** 1783.67 3,121,275 Dongqu Subdistrict
5 445100 Chaozhou city 3145.89 2,669,466 Xiangqiao District 2 1
13 445200 Jieyang city 5265.38 5,884,347 Rongcheng District 2 2 1
7 445300 Yunfu city 7779.12 2,367,154 Yuncheng District 2 2 1
  Sub-provincial cities

* - not including the new districts which are not registered under the Ministry of Civil Affairs (not included in the total Districts' count)
** - direct-piped cities - does not contain any county-level divisions

The twenty-one Prefecture of Guangdong are subdivided into 119 county-level divisions (64 districts, 20 county-level cities, 34 counties, and 3 autonomous counties). For county-level divisions, see the list of administrative divisions of Guangdong.

Urban areas

Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities
# City Urban area[48] District area[48] City proper[48] Census date
1 Shenzhen 10,358,381 10,358,381 10,358,381 2010-11-01
2 Guangzhou[a] 9,702,144 11,071,424 12,701,948 2010-11-01
(2) Guangzhou (new districts)[a] 939,264 1,630,524 see Guangzhou 2010-11-01
3 Dongguan 7,271,322 8,220,207 8,220,207 2010-11-01
4 Foshan 6,771,895 7,197,394 7,197,394 2010-11-01
5 Shantou 3,644,017 5,329,024 5,389,328 2010-11-01
6 Zhongshan 2,740,994 3,121,275 3,121,275 2010-11-01
7 Huizhou 1,807,858 2,344,634 4,598,402 2010-11-01
8 Jiangmen 1,480,023 1,822,614 4,450,703 2010-11-01
9 Zhuhai 1,369,538 1,562,530 1,562,530 2010-11-01
10 Zhanjiang 1,038,762 1,611,868 6,994,832 2010-11-01
11 Puning 874,954 2,055,552 see Jieyang 2010-11-01
12 Jieyang[b] 734,670 746,354 5,884,347 2010-11-01
(12) Jieyang (new district)[b] 492,178 1,159,118 see Jieyang 2010-11-01
13 Shaoguan 726,267 991,600 2,826,246 2010-11-01
14 Qingyuan[c] 639,659 811,233 3,698,412 2010-11-01
(14) Qingyuan (new district)[c] 276,794 698,811 see Qingyuan 2010-11-01
15 Maoming[d] 637,879 1,217,596 5,817,494 2010-11-01
(15) Maoming (new district)[d] 395,317 1,218,716 see Maoming 2010-11-01
16 Lufeng 579,527 1,358,265 see Shanwei 2010-11-01
17 Zhaoqing[e] 559,887 644,032 3,916,467 2010-11-01
(17) Zhaoqing (new district)[e] 224,755 753,120 see Zhaoqing 2010-11-01
18 Yangjiang[f] 499,053 676,857 2,421,748 2010-11-01
(18) Yangjiang (new district)[f] 193,487 442,762 see Yangjiang 2010-11-01
19 Heyuan 450,953 463,907 2,950,195 2010-11-01
20 Chaozhou[g] 448,226 452,469 2,669,466 2010-11-01
(20) Chaozhou (new district)[g] 808,042 1,334,796 see Chaozhou 2010-11-01
21 Taishan 394,855 941,095 see Jiangmen 2010-11-01
22 Xingning 392,000 962,883 see Meizhou 2010-11-01
23 Kaiping 371,019 699,242 see Jiangmen 2010-11-01
24 Shanwei 370,608 492,262 2,935,469 2010-11-01
25 Lianjiang 359,225 927,275 see Zhanjiang 2010-11-01
26 Sihui 355,709 542,873 see Zhaoqing 2010-11-01
27 Meizhou[h] 353,769 380,771 4,238,461 2010-11-01
(27) Meizhou (new district)[h] 258,782 554,745 see Meizhou 2010-11-01
28 Gaozhou 352,006 1,288,665 see Maoming 2010-11-01
29 Yingde 346,927 941,952 see Qingyuan 2010-11-01
30 Leizhou 344,043 1,427,664 see Zhanjiang 2010-11-01
31 Xinyi 333,965 913,708 see Maoming 2010-11-01
32 Wuchuan 332,672 1,443,099 see Zhanjiang 2010-11-01
33 Huazhou 320,418 1,178,809 see Maoming 2010-11-01
34 Heshan 282,580 494,938 see Jiangmen 2010-11-01
35 Luoding 263,338 959,006 see Yunfu 2010-11-01
36 Enping 244,257 492,814 see Jiangmen 2010-11-01
37 Yunfu[i] 242,040 318,145 2,367,154 2010-11-01
(37) Yunfu (new district)[i] 56,874 269,636 see Yunfu 2010-11-01
38 Lechang 191,457 397,779 see Shaoguan 2010-11-01
39 Lianzhou 161,667 367,642 see Qingyuan 2010-11-01
40 Nanxiong 140,017 316,179 see Shaoguan 2010-11-01
41 Yangchun 28,739 849,504 see Yangjiang 2010-11-01
  1. ^ a b New districts established after census: Conghua Conghua CLC), Zengcheng (Zengcheng CLC). These new districts not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  2. ^ a b New district established after census: Jiedong (Jiedong County). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  3. ^ a b New district established after census: Qingxin (Qingxin County). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  4. ^ a b New district established after census: Dianbai (Dianbai County). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  5. ^ a b New district established after census: Gaoyao (Gaoyao CLC). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  6. ^ a b New district established after census: Yangdong (Yangdong County). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  7. ^ a b New district established after census: Chao'an (Chao'an County). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  8. ^ a b New district established after census: Meixian (Meixian County). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  9. ^ a b New district established after census: Yun'an (Yun'an County). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.

International relations

Guangdong is twinned with:

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b English people.com.cn Archived 10 March 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ a b "Chinadaily.com". Chinadaily.com. Archived from the original on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  4. ^ 2017 Pakistani Census Archived 15 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine
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  9. ^ Rongxing Gao (2013). Regional China: A Business and Economic Handbook. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 77. ISBN 9781137287670.
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  13. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  15. ^ Lydia He Liu (1995). Translingual practice: literature, national culture, and translated modernity—China, 1900–1937 (illustrated, annotated ed.). Stanford University Press. p. 364. ISBN 0-8047-2535-7. Retrieved 8 December 2011. last car 拉斯卡 lasi ka Shanghainese origin lemon 檸檬 ningmeng Cantonese origin: lihngmung lemonade # MK* ningmeng shui lemon time wmmw ningmeng shijian lepton w&m leibodun Leveler / B»&:£ niweila dang (political party) liaison mm lianyong libido Wc& laibiduo()
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  41. ^ Note that this includes China's predominant religious category, Daoism
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Sources

Economic data
Look up Guangdong in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Guangdong (category)

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