Voiced dental and alveolar lateral fricatives

Voiced dental and alveolar lateral fricatives
Voiced dental and alveolar lateral fricatives
ɮ
IPA number	149
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	ɮ
Unicode (hex)	U+026E
X-SAMPA	K\
Braille
Image

The voiced alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental, alveolar, and postalveolar lateral fricatives is ⟨ɮ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is K\.

Features

Features of the voiced alveolar lateral fricative:

Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Amis	Kangko accent				Interdental [ɮ̪͆]

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Adyghe	къалэ	[qaːɮa]^ⓘ	'town'	Can also be pronounced as [l]
Bura^[1]	^{[example needed]}			Contrasts with [ɬ] and [ʎ̝̊].^[1]
Kabardian	блы	[bɮə]^ⓘ	'seven'	Can also be pronounced as [l]
Ket	^{[example needed]}
Mongolian	долооcode: mon promoted to code: mn	[tɔɮɔː]	'seven'	Sometimes realized as [ɬ]
Sassarese	a caldhu	[ˈkaɮdu]^ⓘ	'hot'
Tera^[2]	[dlepti] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[ɮè̞pti]	'planting'
Zulu^[3]	[[[Zulu alphabet\|indlala]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[ínˈɮàlà]	'hunger'

In addition, a pharyngealized voiced alveolar lateral fricative [ɮˤ]^ⓘ is reconstructed to be the ancient Classical Arabic pronunciation of Ḍād; the letter is now pronounced in Modern Standard Arabic as a pharyngealized voiced coronal stop, either alveolar [dˤ] or denti-alveolar [d̪ˤ].

Grønnum, Nina (2005), Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk (3rd ed.), Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, ISBN 87-500-3865-6
Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (2nd ed.), Blackwell
Tench, Paul (2007), "Tera", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (1): 228–234, doi:10.1017/s0025100307002952