Voiced velar affricate
| Voiced velar affricate | |
|---|---|
| ɡɣ | |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | g_G |
The voiced velar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in very few spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨ɡ͡ɣ⟩ and ⟨ɡ͜ɣ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is g_G. The tie bar is sometimes omitted, yielding ⟨ɡɣ⟩ in the IPA and gG in X-SAMPA. This is potentially problematic in case of at least some affricates, because there are languages that contrast certain affricates with stop-fricative sequences. Polish words czysta ('clean (f.)', pronounced with an affricate /t͡ʂ/) and trzysta ('three hundred', pronounced with a sequence /tʂ/) are an example of a minimal pair based on such a contrast.
The voiced velar affricate has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language.
Features
Features of the voiced velar affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is velar, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the soft palate.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | Broad Cockney[1] | good | [ˈɡ͡ɣʊˑd̥] | 'good' | Occasional allophone of /ɡ/.[2][3] See English phonology |
| Received Pronunciation[3] | |||||
| Scouse[4] | Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of /ɡ/.[4] See English phonology | ||||
Notes
- ^ Wells (1982), pp. 322–323.
- ^ Wells (1982), p. 323.
- ^ a b Gimson (2014), p. 172.
- ^ a b Wells (1982), p. 372.
References
- Gimson, Alfred Charles (2014), Cruttenden, Alan (ed.), Gimson's Pronunciation of English (8th ed.), Routledge, ISBN 9781444183092
- Wells, John C. (1982). "Accents of English 2: The British Isles". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24224-X.
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