CX3CR1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 | |||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||
| Symbols | CX3CR1; CCRL1; CMKBRL1; CMKDR1; GPR13; GPRV28; V28 | ||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 601470 MGI: 1333815 HomoloGene: 20350 IUPHAR: CX3CR1 GeneCards: CX3CR1 Gene | ||||||||||||
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| RNA expression pattern | |||||||||||||
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| Orthologs | |||||||||||||
| Species | Human | Mouse | |||||||||||
| Entrez | 1524 | 13051 | |||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENSG00000168329 | ENSMUSG00000052336 | |||||||||||
| UniProt | P49238 | Q543X3 | |||||||||||
| RefSeq (mRNA) | NM_001171171.1 | NM_009987.3 | |||||||||||
| RefSeq (protein) | NP_001164642.1 | NP_034117.3 | |||||||||||
| Location (UCSC) | Chr 3: 39.3 – 39.32 Mb |
Chr 9: 119.96 – 119.98 Mb |
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| PubMed search | [1] | [2] | |||||||||||
CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) also known as the fractalkine receptor or G-protein coupled receptor 13 (GPR13) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CX3CR1 gene.[1][2] As the name suggests, this receptor binds the chemokine CX3CL1 (also called neurotactin or fractalkine).
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[edit] Function
Fractalkine is a transmembrane protein and chemokine involved in the adhesion and migration of leukocytes. The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for fractalkine.[3]
Expression of this receptor appears to be associated with lymphocytes.[4] CX3CR1 is also expressed by monocytes and plays major role in the survival of monocytes.[citation needed]
Fractalkine has also recently been discovered to play a developmental role in the migration of microglia in the central nervous system to their synaptic targets, where phagocytosis and synaptic refinement occur.
[edit] Clinical significance
CX3CR1 also is a coreceptor for HIV-1, and some variations in this gene lead to increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rapid progression to AIDS.[3]
[edit] References
- ^ Combadiere C, Ahuja SK, Murphy PM (August 1995). "Cloning, chromosomal localization, and RNA expression of a human beta chemokine receptor-like gene". DNA Cell Biol. 14 (8): 673–80. doi:10.1089/dna.1995.14.673. PMID 7646814.
- ^ Combadiere C, Salzwedel K, Smith ED, Tiffany HL, Berger EA, Murphy PM (September 1998). "Identification of CX3CR1. A chemotactic receptor for the human CX3C chemokine fractalkine and a fusion coreceptor for HIV-1". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (37): 23799–804. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.37.23799. PMID 9726990.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1524.
- ^ Imai T, Hieshima K, Haskell C, Baba M, Nagira M, Nishimura M, Kakizaki M, Takagi S, Nomiyama H, Schall TJ, Yoshie O (November 1997). "Identification and molecular characterization of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which mediates both leukocyte migration and adhesion". Cell 91 (4): 521–30. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80438-9. PMID 9390561.
[edit] Further reading
- Robertson MJ (2002). "Role of chemokines in the biology of natural killer cells.". J. Leukoc. Biol. 71 (2): 173–83. PMID 11818437.
- Raport CJ, Schweickart VL, Eddy RL, et al. (1995). "The orphan G-protein-coupled receptor-encoding gene V28 is closely related to genes for chemokine receptors and is expressed in lymphoid and neural tissues.". Gene 163 (2): 295–9. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(95)00336-5. PMID 7590284.
- Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1-2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library.". Gene 200 (1-2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
- Mizoue LS, Bazan JF, Johnson EC, Handel TM (1999). "Solution structure and dynamics of the CX3C chemokine domain of fractalkine and its interaction with an N-terminal fragment of CX3CR1.". Biochemistry 38 (5): 1402–14. doi:10.1021/bi9820614. PMID 9931005.
- Maho A, Bensimon A, Vassart G, Parmentier M (2000). "Mapping of the CCXCR1, CX3CR1, CCBP2 and CCR9 genes to the CCR cluster within the 3p21.3 region of the human genome.". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 87 (3-4): 265–8. doi:10.1159/000015443. PMID 10702689.
- Faure S, Meyer L, Costagliola D, et al. (2000). "Rapid progression to AIDS in HIV+ individuals with a structural variant of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1.". Science 287 (5461): 2274–7. doi:10.1126/science.287.5461.2274. PMID 10731151.
- Yoneda O, Imai T, Goda S, et al. (2000). "Fractalkine-mediated endothelial cell injury by NK cells.". J. Immunol. 164 (8): 4055–62. PMID 10754298.
- Meucci O, Fatatis A, Simen AA, Miller RJ (2000). "Expression of CX3CR1 chemokine receptors on neurons and their role in neuronal survival.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (14): 8075–80. doi:10.1073/pnas.090017497. PMC 16672. PMID 10869418. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=16672.
- Papadopoulos EJ, Fitzhugh DJ, Tkaczyk C, et al. (2000). "Mast cells migrate, but do not degranulate, in response to fractalkine, a membrane-bound chemokine expressed constitutively in diverse cells of the skin.". Eur. J. Immunol. 30 (8): 2355–61. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(2000)30:8<2355::AID-IMMU2355>3.0.CO;2-#. PMID 10940926.
- Moatti D, Faure S, Fumeron F, et al. (2001). "Polymorphism in the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 as a genetic risk factor for coronary artery disease.". Blood 97 (7): 1925–8. doi:10.1182/blood.V97.7.1925. PMID 11264153.
- Foussat A, Bouchet-Delbos L, Berrebi D, et al. (2001). "Deregulation of the expression of the fractalkine/fractalkine receptor complex in HIV-1-infected patients.". Blood 98 (6): 1678–86. doi:10.1182/blood.V98.6.1678. PMID 11535497.
- Dichmann S, Herouy Y, Purlis D, et al. (2002). "Fractalkine induces chemotaxis and actin polymerization in human dendritic cells.". Inflamm. Res. 50 (11): 529–33. doi:10.1007/PL00000230. PMID 11766992.
- Brand S, Sakaguchi T, Gu X, et al. (2002). "Fractalkine-mediated signals regulate cell-survival and immune-modulatory responses in intestinal epithelial cells.". Gastroenterology 122 (1): 166–77. doi:10.1053/gast.2002.30329. PMID 11781291.
- Utaipat U, Duerr A, Rudolph DL, et al. (2002). "Coreceptor utilization of HIV type 1 subtype E viral isolates from Thai men with HIV type 1-infected and uninfected wives.". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 18 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1089/088922202753394664. PMID 11804551.
- Fong AM, Alam SM, Imai T, et al. (2002). "CX3CR1 tyrosine sulfation enhances fractalkine-induced cell adhesion.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (22): 19418–23. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201396200. PMID 11909868.
[edit] External links
- MeSH CX3CR1+protein,+human
- "Chemokine Receptors: CX3CR1". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID=2242.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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