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[[File:Chicken and vegetables.jpg|thumb|right|Chicken and vegetables; foodstuffs compatible with a pollotarian diet]]
[[File:Chicken and vegetables.jpg|thumb|right|Chicken and vegetables; foodstuffs compatible with a pollotarian diet]]


'''Pollotarianism''' (also known as '''pollo-vegetarianism''')<ref>Albala, Ken. (2015). ''The SAGE Encyclopedia of Food Issues, Volume 1''. SAGE Publications. p. 1429. {{ISBN|978-14522-4301-6}}</ref> is the practice of adhering to a diet that incorporates [[poultry]] or [[Game (hunting)|game]] as the only source of meat in an otherwise vegetarian diet.<ref>Lagua, Rosalinda T; Claudio, Virginia S. (2012). ''Nutrition and Diet Therapy Reference Dictionary''. Chapman & Hall. p. 356. {{ISBN|978-94-011-6880-9}}</ref><ref>Chakrabarty, Kaveri; Chakrabarty, A. S. (2019). ''Textbook of Nutrition in Health and Disease''. Springer. p. 296. {{ISBN|978-981-15-0961-2}}</ref>
'''Pollotarianism''' (also known as '''pollo-vegetarianism''')<ref>Albala, Ken. (2015). ''The SAGE Encyclopedia of Food Issues, Volume 1''. SAGE Publications. p. 1429. {{ISBN|978-14522-4301-6}}</ref> is the unique practice of adhering to a diet that incorporates [[poultry]] and/or [[Game (hunting)|game birds]] as the only source of meat in an otherwise vegetarian diet.<ref>Lagua, Rosalinda T; Claudio, Virginia S. (2012). ''Nutrition and Diet Therapy Reference Dictionary''. Chapman & Hall. p. 356. {{ISBN|978-94-011-6880-9}}</ref><ref>Chakrabarty, Kaveri; Chakrabarty, A. S. (2019). ''Textbook of Nutrition in Health and Disease''. Springer. p. 296. {{ISBN|978-981-15-0961-2}}</ref> Other [[White meat#Terminology|white meats]], [[seafood]] & [[red meat]] are excluded from the diet.


== Etymology & Terminology ==
While "pollo" means chicken in Spanish, pollo-vegetarians are known to incorporate different forms of poultry, like duck and turkey in their diet.<ref>Miller, Korin. (2019). [https://archive.today/20200719210640/https://www.womenshealthmag.com/food/a29700788/types-of-vegetarians/ "The 7 Types Of Vegetarian Diets From Lacto-Ovo To Vegan, Explained By A Nutritionist"]. Women's Health. Retrieved October 8, 2020.</ref> A pollo-vegetarian may also eat [[dairy product]]s.<ref>Hogan, Mary Ann; Wane, Daryle. (2002). ''Nutrition and Diet Therapy: Reviews & Rationales''. Prentice Hall. p. 8. {{ISBN|978-0130304599}}</ref> The term "pollovegetarian" was first used in nutritional textbooks in the 1980s to describe a [[Semi-vegetarianism|semi-vegetarian diet]] that incorporates poultry.<ref>Green, Marilyn L; Harry, Joann. (1981). ''Nutrition in Contemporary Nursing Practice''. Wiley. p. 205. {{ISBN|978-0471038924}}</ref><ref>Guthrie, Helen Andrews. (1989). ''Introductory Nutrition''. Times Mirror/Mosby College Publishing. p. 602. {{ISBN|9780801622014}}</ref> Historian Rod Preece describes pollotarians as "those who refrain from mammals but are willing to eat the flesh of birds notably chickens."<ref>Preece, Rod. (2008). ''Sins of the Flesh: A History of Ethical Vegetarian Thought''. UBC Press. p. 14. {{ISBN|978-0-7748-15093}}</ref>
Pollotarian is a word blend of “pollo” of “vegetarian”. While the word “pollo" means chicken in both Spanish and Italian, pollo-vegetarians are known to incorporate different forms of poultry, like duck and turkey in their diet.<ref>Miller, Korin. (2019). [https://archive.today/20200719210640/https://www.womenshealthmag.com/food/a29700788/types-of-vegetarians/ "The 7 Types Of Vegetarian Diets From Lacto-Ovo To Vegan, Explained By A Nutritionist"]. Women's Health. Retrieved October 8, 2020.</ref> In Italian [https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/pollame# “poll'''a'''me”] is the word for poultry and [https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/pollaiolo#Italian “poll'''a'''iolo”] means poultry dealer; so it’s possible the spelling “poll'''o'''tarian” may be due to translation errors that were never corrected. Pollo-vegetarians typically eat eggs and they may or may not also eat [[dairy product]]s.<ref>Hogan, Mary Ann; Wane, Daryle. (2002). ''Nutrition and Diet Therapy: Reviews & Rationales''. Prentice Hall. p. 8. {{ISBN|978-0130304599}}</ref> The term "pollovegetarian" was first used in nutritional textbooks in the 1980s to describe a [[Semi-vegetarianism|semi-vegetarian diet]] that incorporates poultry.<ref>Green, Marilyn L; Harry, Joann. (1981). ''Nutrition in Contemporary Nursing Practice''. Wiley. p. 205. {{ISBN|978-0471038924}}</ref><ref>Guthrie, Helen Andrews. (1989). ''Introductory Nutrition''. Times Mirror/Mosby College Publishing. p. 602. {{ISBN|9780801622014}}</ref> Historian Rod Preece describes pollotarians as "those who refrain from mammals but are willing to eat the flesh of birds notably chickens."<ref>Preece, Rod. (2008). ''Sins of the Flesh: A History of Ethical Vegetarian Thought''. UBC Press. p. 14. {{ISBN|978-0-7748-15093}}</ref> In spite of its 1980s coinage, “pollotarian” has not caught on in the western world. It’s still not a well understood word in the English lexicon and has not been included in any mainstream English dictionaries as of the 2020s.

== Prevalence & Relationship to other diets ==
The popularity of eating poultry/avian meat but abstaining from all other white meat, fish, shellfish and red meat remains unknown, as no population surveys have been conducted.

This could be due to; novelty, low popularity, low awareness of the diet pattern, low interest, not being associated with any particular demographic group, lack of relevance when meatless diets are being explored and/or pollotarian not being seen as a it’s own nutritionally distinct diet group under the [[Semi-vegetarian#Diet pattern|semi-vegetarian]] umbrella.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Forestell|first=Catherine A.|last2=Spaeth|first2=Andrea M.|last3=Kane|first3=Stephanie A.|date=2012-02-01|title=To eat or not to eat red meat. A closer look at the relationship between restrained eating and vegetarianism in college females|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666311006271|journal=Appetite|language=en|volume=58|issue=1|pages=319–325|doi=10.1016/j.appet.2011.10.015|issn=0195-6663}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Baines|first=Surinder|last2=Powers|first2=Jennifer|last3=Brown|first3=Wendy J.|date=May 2007|title=How does the health and well-being of young Australian vegetarian and semi-vegetarian women compare with non-vegetarians?|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/how-does-the-health-and-wellbeing-of-young-australian-vegetarian-and-semivegetarian-women-compare-with-nonvegetarians/1B49FD85C44CCDA7AEF40972F28B29BF|journal=Public Health Nutrition|language=en|volume=10|issue=5|pages=436–442|doi=10.1017/S1368980007217938|issn=1475-2727|doi-access=free}}</ref> Since poultry is always contextually a “meat” it’s common for social researchers to simply categorize it alongside other [[Omnivores#Behavioral context|‘behavioral omnivore’ diets]] if it doesn't simultaneously fit the criteria of a flexitarian diet.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wozniak|first=Hannah|last2=Larpin|first2=Christophe|last3=Mestral|first3=Carlos de|last4=Guessous|first4=Idris|last5=Reny|first5=Jean-Luc|last6=Stringhini|first6=Silvia|date=2020/10|title=Vegetarian, pescatarian and flexitarian diets: sociodemographic determinants and association with cardiovascular risk factors in a Swiss urban population|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/vegetarian-pescatarian-and-flexitarian-diets-sociodemographic-determinants-and-association-with-cardiovascular-risk-factors-in-a-swiss-urban-population/5FF2B3B55AB797E330A96DDFD36C2DC1|journal=British Journal of Nutrition|language=en|volume=124|issue=8|pages=844–852|doi=10.1017/S0007114520001762|issn=0007-1145}}</ref>.

The concept of pollotarianism is still relatively new. The [[Vegetarianism#History|history of practicing vegetarian]] diets, [[Veganism#History|vegan]] diets, and [[Pescetarianism|pescetarian]] diets traverses across hundreds of years prior to obtaining their terminology. Abstaining from eating meat under the name “vegetarianism” has been around since the [[1800s]] when the term was popularized by the [[Vegetarian Society]] in [[Manchester]] in 1847. In the same century the society popularized the notion that there were several types of vegetarians; the strictest vegetarians abstained from all [[Animal source foods|animal-sourced foods]] ''(later known as “vegans”, who sometimes don’t identify with the vegetarian label)'' and the most lenient vegetarians allowed eggs, dairy and seafood in their diet ''(later known as “pescetarians”; now that vegetarianism is simply defined as not eating animals they are now considered to be separate from true vegetarians).''<ref name=MedicalTimes>{{cite web|title=International Health Exhibition|publisher=The Medical Times and Gazette|date=24 May 1884|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2rdXAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA712|quote=There are two kinds of Vegetarians—one an extreme form, the members of which eat no animal food whatever; and a less extreme sect, who do not object to eggs, milk, or fish. The Vegetarian Society&nbsp;... belongs to the latter more moderate division|access-date=18 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Yeh, Hsin-Yi.|year=2013|title=Boundaries, Entities, and Modern Vegetarianism: Examining the Emergence of the First Vegetarian Organization|journal=Qualitative Inquiry|volume=19|pages=298–309|doi=10.1177/1077800412471516|s2cid=143788478|quote=Moreover, at the early phase of vegetarianism, while some adherents avoided eating flesh of land animals and birds, they ate fish (Newman, 1874)}}</ref>


Additionally, pollotarianism lacks organization and leadership compared to other vegetarian and vegetarian-oriented diets. To this day [[List of vegetarian organizations|vegetarian societies]], [[The Vegan Society|vegan societies]], [[Pescetarianism#Judaism|pescetarian societies]] and [[Reducetarian Foundation|flexitarian/reducetarian organizations]] exist that actively advocate for mass adoption of their respective lifestyles in order to improve public health, industrial farming practices, agricultural sustainability and environmental issues.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Vegetarian Society UK |url=https://vegsoc.org/ |website=Vegetarian Society |access-date=29 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Vegan Society |url=https://www.vegansociety.com/ |website=The Vegan Society |access-date=29 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Pescetarian Society |url=https://thepescetariansociety.org/ |website=thepescetariansociety.org |access-date=29 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Foundation |first1=The Reducetarian |title=REDUCETARIAN FOUNDATION |url=https://www.reducetarian.org/ |website=REDUCETARIAN FOUNDATION |access-date=29 March 2021}}</ref> Since pollotarianism does not have a strong past history, lacks a current social structure and doesn’t have clear motivations for adoption if may lead to it being ignored, being perceived simply ad s taste preference or being dismissed as a [[fad diet]].


==See also==
==See also==


*[[Chicken as food]]
*[[Chicken as food]]
*[[Poultry#Poultry as food|Poultry as food]]
*[[Pescatarianism]]
*[[Pescetarianism]]

*[[Semi-vegetarianism]]
*[[Vegetarianism]]
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

Revision as of 20:49, 29 March 2021

Chicken and vegetables; foodstuffs compatible with a pollotarian diet

Pollotarianism (also known as pollo-vegetarianism)[1] is the unique practice of adhering to a diet that incorporates poultry and/or game birds as the only source of meat in an otherwise vegetarian diet.[2][3] Other white meats, seafood & red meat are excluded from the diet.

Etymology & Terminology

Pollotarian is a word blend of “pollo” of “vegetarian”. While the word “pollo" means chicken in both Spanish and Italian, pollo-vegetarians are known to incorporate different forms of poultry, like duck and turkey in their diet.[4] In Italian “pollame” is the word for poultry and “pollaiolo” means poultry dealer; so it’s possible the spelling “pollotarian” may be due to translation errors that were never corrected. Pollo-vegetarians typically eat eggs and they may or may not also eat dairy products.[5] The term "pollovegetarian" was first used in nutritional textbooks in the 1980s to describe a semi-vegetarian diet that incorporates poultry.[6][7] Historian Rod Preece describes pollotarians as "those who refrain from mammals but are willing to eat the flesh of birds notably chickens."[8] In spite of its 1980s coinage, “pollotarian” has not caught on in the western world. It’s still not a well understood word in the English lexicon and has not been included in any mainstream English dictionaries as of the 2020s.

Prevalence & Relationship to other diets

The popularity of eating poultry/avian meat but abstaining from all other white meat, fish, shellfish and red meat remains unknown, as no population surveys have been conducted.

This could be due to; novelty, low popularity, low awareness of the diet pattern, low interest, not being associated with any particular demographic group, lack of relevance when meatless diets are being explored and/or pollotarian not being seen as a it’s own nutritionally distinct diet group under the semi-vegetarian umbrella.[9][10] Since poultry is always contextually a “meat” it’s common for social researchers to simply categorize it alongside other ‘behavioral omnivore’ diets if it doesn't simultaneously fit the criteria of a flexitarian diet.[11].

The concept of pollotarianism is still relatively new. The history of practicing vegetarian diets, vegan diets, and pescetarian diets traverses across hundreds of years prior to obtaining their terminology. Abstaining from eating meat under the name “vegetarianism” has been around since the 1800s when the term was popularized by the Vegetarian Society in Manchester in 1847. In the same century the society popularized the notion that there were several types of vegetarians; the strictest vegetarians abstained from all animal-sourced foods (later known as “vegans”, who sometimes don’t identify with the vegetarian label) and the most lenient vegetarians allowed eggs, dairy and seafood in their diet (later known as “pescetarians”; now that vegetarianism is simply defined as not eating animals they are now considered to be separate from true vegetarians).[12][13]


Additionally, pollotarianism lacks organization and leadership compared to other vegetarian and vegetarian-oriented diets. To this day vegetarian societies, vegan societies, pescetarian societies and flexitarian/reducetarian organizations exist that actively advocate for mass adoption of their respective lifestyles in order to improve public health, industrial farming practices, agricultural sustainability and environmental issues.[14][15][16][17] Since pollotarianism does not have a strong past history, lacks a current social structure and doesn’t have clear motivations for adoption if may lead to it being ignored, being perceived simply ad s taste preference or being dismissed as a fad diet.

See also

References

  1. ^ Albala, Ken. (2015). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Food Issues, Volume 1. SAGE Publications. p. 1429. ISBN 978-14522-4301-6
  2. ^ Lagua, Rosalinda T; Claudio, Virginia S. (2012). Nutrition and Diet Therapy Reference Dictionary. Chapman & Hall. p. 356. ISBN 978-94-011-6880-9
  3. ^ Chakrabarty, Kaveri; Chakrabarty, A. S. (2019). Textbook of Nutrition in Health and Disease. Springer. p. 296. ISBN 978-981-15-0961-2
  4. ^ Miller, Korin. (2019). "The 7 Types Of Vegetarian Diets From Lacto-Ovo To Vegan, Explained By A Nutritionist". Women's Health. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  5. ^ Hogan, Mary Ann; Wane, Daryle. (2002). Nutrition and Diet Therapy: Reviews & Rationales. Prentice Hall. p. 8. ISBN 978-0130304599
  6. ^ Green, Marilyn L; Harry, Joann. (1981). Nutrition in Contemporary Nursing Practice. Wiley. p. 205. ISBN 978-0471038924
  7. ^ Guthrie, Helen Andrews. (1989). Introductory Nutrition. Times Mirror/Mosby College Publishing. p. 602. ISBN 9780801622014
  8. ^ Preece, Rod. (2008). Sins of the Flesh: A History of Ethical Vegetarian Thought. UBC Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-7748-15093
  9. ^ Forestell, Catherine A.; Spaeth, Andrea M.; Kane, Stephanie A. (2012-02-01). "To eat or not to eat red meat. A closer look at the relationship between restrained eating and vegetarianism in college females". Appetite. 58 (1): 319–325. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.10.015. ISSN 0195-6663.
  10. ^ Baines, Surinder; Powers, Jennifer; Brown, Wendy J. (May 2007). "How does the health and well-being of young Australian vegetarian and semi-vegetarian women compare with non-vegetarians?". Public Health Nutrition. 10 (5): 436–442. doi:10.1017/S1368980007217938. ISSN 1475-2727.
  11. ^ Wozniak, Hannah; Larpin, Christophe; Mestral, Carlos de; Guessous, Idris; Reny, Jean-Luc; Stringhini, Silvia (2020/10). "Vegetarian, pescatarian and flexitarian diets: sociodemographic determinants and association with cardiovascular risk factors in a Swiss urban population". British Journal of Nutrition. 124 (8): 844–852. doi:10.1017/S0007114520001762. ISSN 0007-1145. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ "International Health Exhibition". The Medical Times and Gazette. 24 May 1884. Retrieved 18 May 2019. There are two kinds of Vegetarians—one an extreme form, the members of which eat no animal food whatever; and a less extreme sect, who do not object to eggs, milk, or fish. The Vegetarian Society ... belongs to the latter more moderate division
  13. ^ Yeh, Hsin-Yi. (2013). "Boundaries, Entities, and Modern Vegetarianism: Examining the Emergence of the First Vegetarian Organization". Qualitative Inquiry. 19: 298–309. doi:10.1177/1077800412471516. S2CID 143788478. Moreover, at the early phase of vegetarianism, while some adherents avoided eating flesh of land animals and birds, they ate fish (Newman, 1874)
  14. ^ "The Vegetarian Society UK". Vegetarian Society. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  15. ^ "The Vegan Society". The Vegan Society. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  16. ^ "The Pescetarian Society". thepescetariansociety.org. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  17. ^ Foundation, The Reducetarian. "REDUCETARIAN FOUNDATION". REDUCETARIAN FOUNDATION. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
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