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Revision as of 21:25, 10 May 2018

Royal Air Maroc
File:RoyalAirMarocLogoSmall.png
IATA ICAO Call sign
AT RAM ROYAL AIR MAROC
Founded1957 (1957)
HubsMohammed V International Airport
Focus cities
Frequent-flyer programSafar Flyer
Subsidiaries
Fleet size56
Parent companyMoroccan Government
HeadquartersCasablanca-Anfa Airport
Casablanca, Morocco
Key peopleAbdelhamid Addou (President)
Net incomeIncrease MAD184 million (2014)
Employees3,091
Websiteroyalairmaroc.com

Royal Air Maroc (French pronunciation: [ʁwajal ɛʁ maʁɔk]; Template:Lang-ar, al-Khuṭūṭu l-Malikiyyatu l-Maghribiyyah, literally Royal Moroccan Lines or Royal Moroccan Airlines; Template:Lang-ber, Amuddu Ugenna Ageldan Umerruk), more commonly known as RAM, is the Moroccan national carrier,[1] as well as the country's largest airline.[2] RAM is fully owned by the government of Morocco, and has its headquarters on the grounds of Casablanca-Anfa Airport. From its base at Mohammed V International Airport,[3] the carrier operates a domestic network in Morocco, scheduled international flights to Africa, Asia, Europe, and North and South America, and occasional charter flights that include Hajj services.[4]

History

Early years

A Royal Air Maroc Caravelle at Düsseldorf Airport in 1973. The carrier ordered its first two aircraft of the type in 1958.[5]: 101 

Royal Air Maroc—Compagnie Nationale de Transports Aériens was formed in July 1953 (1953-07) as a result of the merger of Compagnie Chérifienne de'l Air (Air Atlas) — set up in 1946 with Junkers Ju-52s — and Compagnie Chérifienne de Transports Aériens Air Maroc, that was founded in 1947 and commenced scheduled operations in 1949.[6] The fleet of the newly formed airline included six Bretagnes, four Commandos, five DC-3s and two Languedocs.[7] These aircraft worked on routes previously served by the predecessor companies, plus Frankfurt, Geneva and Paris.[8] The name Royal Air Maroc (RAM) was adopted on 28 June 1957 (1957-06-28),[nb 1] with the government of Morocco having a 67.73% stake.[9] Hajj flights commenced in 1957.[8] The carrier's fleet comprised 16 aircraft by April 1958 (1958-04), including four DC-4s, three DC-3s, seven Bretagnes and two C-46s.[10] In May 1958 (1958-05), the airline ordered two Caravelles.[5]: 101  In July, a number of long-haul routes were launched using four Lockheed L-749 Constellations leased from Air France, and the coastal Oran–Oujda run — which had been suspended in May — was reopened. Also in 1958, the carrier started flying to Gibraltar. The arrival of the Constellations enabled the airline to withdraw the DC-4s from service.[8]

A single Caravelle was part of the fleet of four L-749 Constellations, four DC-4s and three DC-3s by April 1960 (1960-04), making the Caravelle the first jet aircraft operated by the company; another Caravelle was yet to be delivered.[6] The type began serving the Rabat–Bamako route in July 1961 (1961-07). By 1964, there were three Caravelles in the fleet.[8] A fourth was ordered in late 1964.[11] At April 1965 (1965-04), the company had 758 employees and chairmanship was held by Mohammed Al Fassi. The route network included services within North Africa, and also linked North Africa with France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Switzerland; the Casablanca–Dakar and Casablanca–Las Palmas sectors were also flown. Shareholding at the time was split between the government of Morocco (64%), Air France (21%), Compagnie Generale Transatlantique (7.6%), Aviacion y Comercio (5%) and others (2.4%).[12] An order for a fifth Caravelle was placed in early 1968.[13] By 1969, all routes to Europe and North Africa were flown using solely these aircraft.[14] In 1969, the carrier placed its first order with Boeing.[15]

A Royal Air Maroc Boeing 727-200 Advanced at Düsseldorf Airport in 1993.

Royal Air Maroc took delivery of the first Boeing aircraft, a Boeing 727-200, in 1970,[16] with the carrier deploying it on revenue service on 15 May.[8] Subsidiary airline Royal Air Inter was formed early in the year to undertake domestic routes using Fokker F-27 Friendship equipment; this sister company started operations on 2 April 1970, and by May 1971 (1971-05), it was serving Agadir, Al Hoceima, Casablanca, Fez, Marrakesh, Oujda, Rabat, Tangier and Tetouan.[17] The RAM's fleet at May 1971 (1971-05) comprised two Boeing 727-200s, along with four Caravelles and two SIAI Marchetti SF.260s.[18] At a cost of US$8.85 million, a third Boeing 727-200 was ordered in 1972.[19] In 1974, the carrier ordered a single Boeing 727-200 Advanced,[20] followed by an order for a fourth Boeing 727-200.[21] Also that year, negotiations with Air France for the lease of a Boeing 707-320B started.[8] By March 1975 (1975-03), the Boeing 707 was part of an 11-strong fleet, along with four Boeing 727-200s, four Caravelles, and two SIAI Marchetti SF.260s.[22] RAM flew the leased Boeing 707 to New York for the first time in April 1975 (1975-04), becoming the first Arab airline in serving this destination.[8] During the year, the company acquired three Boeing 737-200s to replace the Caravelles.[23] Also in 1975, a weekly non-stop service to Rio de Janeiro was started.[24] An order for three more Boeing 727-200s was placed in early 1976.[25] That year, the four Caravelles were withdrawn from service and sold. A Boeing 747-200B entered the fleet in September 1978 (1978-09).[24]

1980s

By July 1980 (1980-07), Royal Air Maroc had 3,583 employees. At this time, the carrier's fleet consisted of a single Boeing 747-200B, two Boeing 707-320Cs, one Boeing 707-320, seven Boeing 727-200s and three Boeing 737-200s.[26] Another Boeing 727-200, ordered in January that year,[27] was still pending delivery.[26] At a cost of US$16 million, an additional Boeing 737-200 was ordered in 1981, with the US Export-Import Bank arranging a US$5 million loan to secure the delivery, and RAM and private financers funding the balance. Delivery was slated for March 1982 (1982-03).[28] During 1982, two Boeing 737-200Cs were ordered for US$33 million; deliveries were arranged for March and June 1983 (1983-06).[29] Late that year, the airline joined the International Air Transport Association.[30]

In July 1986 (1986-07), RAM was the first African airline that introduced the Boeing 757 into service.[31] The first of these aircraft that was delivered to the company set a record for the type when it flew the distance separating Seattle from Casablanca, 4,910 nautical miles (9,090 km; 5,650 mi), non-stop.[32]

1990s

In the early days of the decade, the last of the 707s was removed from the fleet. Meanwhile, newer, more efficient, Classic 400 and 500 Series Boeing 737s were introduced to increase the frequency of European routes. By the middle of the decade all 727s had disappeared. To consolidate its North American operations, Royal Air Maroc purchased a single Boeing 747-400. As the decade progressed, new routes to previously under-served African airports were opened.

2000-present

With the increasing number of passengers and newly opened routes as well as increasing oil prices, there was a need to buy new aircraft. In 2000 an order for 20 Next Generation Boeing 737 aircraft and 4 Airbus A321s was placed. Meanwhile, more routes to west and central African cities were opened. RAM was now changing, from providing flights to meet the demands of foreign tourists and Moroccan expatriates, to providing connections between European cities and African cities via the Casablanca hub. In 2002, the company leased two 767s to replace the single 747 in North American routes.

Future

Morocco and the EU signed an open skies agreement in late 2006. This means that Royal Air Maroc will have to face tough competition from low-cost carriers eager to exploit profitable routes between Western Europe and Morocco. A further challenge arises from the high cost of kerosene and the fact that the company may have to drop some of its unprofitable domestic and international routes.

Corporate affairs

Key people

As of July 2017, Abdelhamid Addou holds the president position.[33]

Head office

Royal Air Maroc has its head office on the grounds of Casablanca-Anfa Airport in Casablanca.[34][35] In 2004 the airline announced that it would move its head office from Casablanca to the Nouaceur Province, near Mohammed V International Airport. MAP, the official state news agency, said that the construction of the headquarters and a 500-room conference hotel would take 1 year and 6 months.[36] The agreement to build the head office in Nouaceur was signed in 2009.[37]

The carrier achieved the best result in ten years[38] for the fiscal year 2012; cost-cutting measures had included the reduction in the number of employees by 1,974 between June 2011 (2011-06) and October 2012 (2012-10) and a fleet renewal program, and the net loss for the same period was reduced to MAD43 million.[39] Following restructuring, which included the removal of ten medium-haul aircraft, the staff-to-aircraft ratio decreased from 110:1 to 58:1, whereas the ratio of passengers transported per employee increased from 1,054:1 to 2,329:1.[40]

Full formal accounts do not seem to be published, but details are increasingly disclosed; figures for recent years are shown below (for years ending 30 October):

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Turnover (MADm) 13,700 14,000 13,443
Operating profits (MADm) 460 168 −492 −499 718 789 616 522
Net profits (MADm) −1,670 −43 184 203
Number of employees (at year end) 5,280 5,352 5,018 3,892 2,725 2,928 3,091
Number of passengers (m) 6.1 5.8 5.6 6.2 6.1
Passenger load factor (%) 67
Number of aircraft (at year end) 53 53
Notes/sources [40] [40] [40] [40] [40] [40] [41][42] [43]

Ownership and subsidiaries

A Boeing 737-400 wearing a combined Royal Air Maroc/Atlas Blue livery in 2009. The Atlas Blue fleet was merged with the parent company's one in 2011.[44]

As of January 2015, the airline is owned by the Moroccan government,[40] which has considered the privatisation of the company for about 20 years;[45] the latest plan, dating from late 2012, reportedly included selling up to 44% of the stakes to a Gulf airline.[2]

As of December 2012, The Group Royal Air Maroc had the following subsidiaries:[citation needed]

Former RAM subsidiaries include:

Destinations

Main article: Royal Air Maroc destinations

Codeshare agreements

Royal Air Maroc has codeshare agreements with the following airlines, which are the actual operators of the routes specified:[60]

Frequent flyer programme

RAM's frequent flyer programme is called Safar Flyer.[65] As of January 2013, cardholders can earn and redeem miles either by flying RAM, its direct subsidiaries, or its partner airlines Iberia, Etihad Airways and Qatar Airways; hotels and car rental companies offer benefits too.[66]

Fleet

Recent developments

A Royal Air Maroc Boeing 747-200B at Charles de Gaulle Airport in 1996.

As of March 2013, Royal Air Maroc (RAM) operated an all-Boeing fleet.[67] RAM placed an order for nine Boeing 737 Next Generation in October 1996 (1996-10); the first of these aircraft the airline took possession of, in July 1998 (1998-07), was a Boeing 737-800, making the carrier the first scheduled one outside the United States to take delivery of this model.[68] RAM received its first Boeing 737-700 in April 1999 (1999-04).[69] In March 2001 (2001-03), RAM placed orders for 20 new Boeing 737 NGs plus two wide-bodied Boeing 767-300ERs in a deal worth about US$1.4 billion.[70][71] That same year, RAM became a new Airbus customer when it bought four Airbus A321s.[72] In January 2002 (2002-01), the airline took delivery of its first Boeing 767-300ER.[16]

After the carrier's Board of Directors agreed to buy a number of Boeing 787s on 29 July 2005,[73] a memorandum of understanding for the acquisition of these aircraft was signed with Boeing on 31 July the same year.[74] The deal, worth US$650 million and including five Dreamliners, was confirmed in early November that year, with initial delivery slated for October 2008 (2008-10).[75] The purchase contract was signed in December 2005 (2005-12), and also included an aircraft of the type on option.[76] Following an over-US$100 million-worth contract that was signed in February 2006 (2006-02), these aircraft will be powered with General Electric GEnx engines.[77] Boeing delivered RAM's first Dreamliner in December 2014 (2014-12).[78][79]

RAM was the launch customer for the ATR 72-600, when it took delivery of two of these aircraft, on behalf of its regional subsidiary RAM Express, in August 2011 (2011-08).[80][81] The carrier had placed an order for four aircraft of the type in March 2009 (2009-03), along with two ATR 42-600s.[82]

Future plans

In June 2013 (2013-06), RAM's CEO indicated that the airline was seeking new generation aircraft as a replacement for its ageing fleet, adding that the carrier will need some 20 to 30 new aircraft by 2020, and that the Boeing 787 was being considered for long-haul routes, whereas the Airbus A320neo, the Boeing 737 MAX, Bombardier CSeries and Embraer E-Jet E2 familys were all being considered for medium-haul flights.[83] A contract for the lease of Four Embraer E-190s was signed in mid-2014;[3] the carrier took delivery of the first of these aircraft in November the same year.[40][84]

Current

A Royal Air Maroc Boeing 737-800 at Marrakesh Menara Airport in 2013.
A Royal Air Maroc Boeing 747-400.

As of April 2018, the Royal Air Maroc fleet consists of the following aircraft:[85]

Royal Air Maroc fleet
Passenger fleet
Aircraft In Service Orders Passengers Notes
C Y Total
ATR 72-600 5 — 12 58 70 Operated by Royal Air Maroc Express[86][87]
Boeing 737-700 6 — 12 120 132
— 138 138
Boeing 737-800 30 — 12 159 171
12 165 177
— 183 183
Boeing 737 MAX 8 — 4[88] TBA
Boeing 747-400 1 — 20 478 498[89]
Boeing 767-300ER 3 — 12 224 236
10 227 237
Boeing 787-8 5 — 18 256 274[89]
Boeing 787-9 — 4[90][91] TBA
Embraer E-190 4 — 12 84 96
Airbus A320 1 — TBA TBA TBA Leased from Nouvelair (TS-INC)
Cargo fleet
Boeing 737-300F 1 — Cargo
Boeing 767-300BCF 1[92] — Cargo
Total 56 8

Previously operated

A Royal Air Maroc Airbus A321-200 at Mohammed V International Airport in 2006.

Throughout its history, the carrier operated the following equipment:[67]

Incidents and accidents

Fatal accidents

  • 1 April 1970: A Caravelle III, registration CN-CCV, that was due to complete the first leg of an international Agadir–Casablanca–Paris scheduled flight, crashed on approach to Nouasseur Airport, near Berrechid, when control was lost at about 500 feet (150 m). Sixty one people perished in the accident, out of 82 occupants of the aircraft.[95][96]
  • 22 December 1973: a Caravelle VIN, registration OO-SRD, that was completing the first leg of an international non-scheduled Paris–Tangier–Casablanca passenger service, crashed into mountainous terrain on approach to Tangier Airport, some 40 kilometres (25 mi) off the airport. The aircraft had been leased from Sobelair. All 106 occupants on board perished in the accident.[97]
  • 21 August 1994: an ATR 42-300 operating Flight 630, the domestic Agadir-Casablanca route lost control at 16000 feet, entered a steep dive, and crashed into nearby mountains. Investigators suspect that the pilot deliberately disengaged the autopilot and directed the aircraft into the ground. All of the 44 passengers and crew members were killed.

Non-fatal hull losses

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The title was also reported to have been adopted in February 1957 (1957-02).[6]

Citations

  1. ^ Young, Kathryn M. (20 February 2015). "Royal Air Maroc to launch 787 services on Feb. 22". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) 
  2. ^ a b "Ryanair opens two new bases in Morocco, 6 months after charges dispute; and RAM looks for a partner". Centre for Aviation. 31 January 2013. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b "Airline News". Air Transport World. 18 July 2014. Archived from the original on 18 July 2014.
  4. ^ "Royal Air Maroc: Des Boeing 747 et 24200 sièges pour la phase aller de l'Omra 1433" [Royal Air Maroc: Two Boeing 747-400s and 24200 seats (available) for the Uhmra 1433] (in French). Aeronautique.ma. 16 July 2012. Archived from the original on 9 January 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b
  6. ^ a b c d "Airlines of the world—Royal Air Maroc – Compagnie Nationale de Transports Aériens". Flight. 77 (2665): 509. 8 April 1960. Archived from the original on 5 January 2015. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) 
  7. ^ "French independents merge". Flight: 468. 10 April 1953. Archived from the original on 13 January 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2013. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Guttery (1998), p. 128.
  9. ^ "RAM prépare ces 50 ans d'existence" [RAM prepares for its 50 years of existence] (in French). Aeronautique.ma. 3 February 2007. Archived from the original on 9 January 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ "World airline directory – Royal Air Maroc". Flight: 546. 18 April 1958. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2013. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ "Air commerce". Flight International: 990. 10 December 1964. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2013. A fourth Caravelle 3 was ordered by Royal Air Maroc, bringing sales of Caravelle variants up to 190. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ "World airline survey—Royal Air Maroc – Compagnie Nationale de Transports Aériens". Flight International. 87 (2927): 598. 15 April 1965. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "Fifth Caravelle for Morocco". Flight International: 44. 11 January 1968. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2013. An order for a fifth SA Caravelle has been signed by Royal Air Maroc. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ "Air transport..." Flight International: 119. 24 July 1969. Retrieved 31 December 2012. Caravelles are used exclusively by Royal Air Maroc on all flights to Europe and points in North Africa.
  15. ^ "Royal Air Maroc to Acquire Next-generation 737s" (Press release). Boeing. 30 August 1996. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ a b "Royal Air Maroc Receives Its First Extended-Range Boeing 767-300" (Press release). Boeing. 30 January 2002. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "World airlines – Royal Air Inter". Flight International. 99 (3243): 641. 6 May 1971. Archived from the original on 26 November 2013. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "World airlines – Royal Air Maroc". Flight International: 642. 6 May 1971. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2013. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ "Airline directory up-dated—October – Royal Air Maroc". Flight International: 487. 12 October 1972. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2013. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ "Air transport". Flight International: 589. 9 May 1974. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2013. Royal Air Maroc has ordered an Advanced 727-200 for delivery in March 1975, bringing its fleet of 727s to four. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ "Air transport – Royal Air Maroc". Flight International: 516. 17 October 1974. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2013. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  22. ^ "World airline directory – Royal Air Maroc (Compagnie Nationale de Transports Aériens)". Flight International: 499. 20 March 1975. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2013. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ "Airliner market". Flight International: 692. 1 May 1975. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2013. Royal Air Maroc has bought three 737-200s for delivery in February, March and April 1976 (1976-04), to replace its Caravelles. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ a b Guttery (1998), p. 129.
  25. ^ "Airliner market". Flight International. 109 (3496): 629. 13 March 1976. Archived from the original on 8 January 2013. Royal Air Maroc has ordered three 727-200s, for delivery starting in December. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ a b "World airline directory – Royal Air Maroc (Compagnie Nationales de Transports Aériens". Flight International. 118 (3716): 349. 26 July 1980. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 8 January 2013. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ "Airliner market". Flight International: 6. 5 January 1980. Archived from the original on 8 January 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2013. Royal Air Maroc, the Moroccan flag carrier, has ordered one Boeing 727-200 for delivery in July 1980. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ "Airliner market". Flight International. 119 (3757): 1294. 9 May 1981. Archived from the original on 31 July 2013. Royal Air Maroc has ordered a Boeing 737-200 for March 1982 delivery. The US Export-Import Bank is to lend nearly $5 million for the purchase, which includes an extra engine and other spares. Total value of the order is $16 million, almost $9 million of which will be raised by private financing. Royal Air Maroc will make a cash payment for the balance. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ "Marketplace". Flight International. 122 (3820). 24 July 1982. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 30 January 2014. Royal Air Maroc has ordered two Boeing 737-200 Convertibles. The 737-200Cs will be delivered in March and June 1983, and will be fitted with JT8D-15A engines. The order is worth $33 million. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ "Short hauls". Flight International: 912. 25 September 1982. Retrieved 31 December 2012. Royal Air Maroc, the Moroccan national airline, has joined the International Air Transport Association as an active member.
  31. ^ "Background" (PDF). Boeing. August 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  32. ^ "RAM sets range record". Flight International: 4. 9 August 1986. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  33. ^ Moores, Victoria (13 July 2017). "US lifts electronics ban on Royal Air Maroc". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ "Non-airline partners." Royal Air Maroc. Retrieved on 19 October 2009. "Royal Air Maroc, Safar Flyer, Headquarters of the Royal Air Maroc Group, Casa – Anfa Casablanca Airport–"
  35. ^ "Legal Notice" (Archive). Royal Air Maroc. p. 10/29. Retrieved on 24 August 2014. (under "Article V - Reservations") "Customer Service complaints Casa-Anfa Airport Casablanca 20200 MOROCCO"
  36. ^ "Royal Air Maroc.(Africa/Middle East)(Brief Article)." Air Transport World. 1 July 2004. Retrieved on 19 October 2009.[dead link]
  37. ^ "Casablanca: Nouaceur abritera le futur siège de la RAM." L'Économiste. 18 August 2009. Retrieved on 19 October 2009.
  38. ^ "RAM, takes off". Lemag.ma. 30 July 2013. Archived from the original on 24 August 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ "ROYAL AIR MAROC : Un résultat net déficitaire de M MAD -43 en 2012 contre des pertes de MAD -1,67 Md une année auparavant" [Royal Air Maroc: a MAD–43 million deficit for 2012 against MAD–1,67 billion a year earlier]. BMCE Capital Bourse (in French). Archived from the original on 24 August 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  40. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Royal Air Maroc receives first 787 as the airline finishes restructuring & returns to profitability". CAPA Centre for Aviation. 15 January 2015. Archived from the original on 16 January 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) 
  41. ^ a b "Royal Air Maroc & Qatar Airways form joint venture. More JVs for each as RAM eyes oneworld alliance". CAPA Centre for Aviation. 22 May 2015. Archived from the original on 22 May 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) 
  42. ^ "Financial statement 2014" (PDF). Royal Air Maroc. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 September 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ "Royal Air Maroc Chiffres" [Royal Air Maroc Figures] (in French). Royal Air Maroc. 19 September 2016.
  44. ^ a b "La direction d'Atlas Blue déplore la gréve et l'occupation de ses locaux par le personnel" (in French). Aeronautique.ma. 28 March 2011. Archived from the original on 9 January 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  45. ^ "Morocco Seeking Airline Partner For RAM". Airline News. Reuters. 27 November 2012. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  46. ^ "Création de Air Gabon International par RAM et Air Gabon" [RAM and Air Gabon create Air Gabon International] (in French). Xinhua News Agency. 31 December 2005. Archived from the original on 19 January 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  47. ^ "RAM Sets Up Gabon Airline JV". Airwise News. Reuters. 29 February 2005. Archived from the original on 30 December 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  48. ^ "Royal Air Maroc helps launch Gabon-based airline". Air Transport World. 3 March 2006. Archived from the original on 30 December 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  49. ^ Penney, Joseph (24 April 2009). "Air Senegal shuts down operations in RAM row". Dakar: Reuters India. Reuters. Archived from the original on 23 January 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  50. ^ "Other News - 04/27/2009". Air Transport World. 28 April 2009. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012.
  51. ^ "Air Senegal's passengers stranded". IOL. 24 April 2009. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  52. ^ Birns, Hilka (5 December 2000). "Ambitions in Africa". Flightglobal. Cape Town. Flight International. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  53. ^ "Other News - 06/13/2006". Air Transport World. 14 June 2006. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012.
  54. ^ "Un Boeing 737-800 pour renforcer la flotte d' 'Atlas Blue'" [A Boeing 787-800 to reinforce the Atlas Blue fleet] (in French). Aeronautique.ma. MAP. 16 June 2006. Archived from the original on 9 January 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  55. ^ Buyck, Cathy (26 June 2009). "RAM repositioning to contend with European competition". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  56. ^ "Moroccan low-cost carrier starts flying". Flightglobal. Flight International. 17 August 2004. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  57. ^ Buyck, Cathy (12 July 2010). "Royal Air Maroc signs MOU to take majority stake in TUI's Jet4You". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 21 January 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  58. ^ a b "Restauration : 7 opérateurs internationaux courtisent Atlas Catering !". Challenge.ma. 14 November 2012. Archived from the original on 28 May 2014.
  59. ^ "RAM cède sa filiale hôtelière Atlas Hospitality Morocco au Fonds H-Partners". La Vie éco. 13 January 2012. Archived from the original on 13 September 2013.
  60. ^ "Profile on Royal Air Maroc". CAPA. Centre for Aviation. Archived from the original on 28 October 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  61. ^ "Other News - 09/14/2007". Air Transport World. 17 September 2007. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012. Etihad Airways and Royal Air Maroc signed a codeshare agreement under which EY customers will be able connect to select West African destinations beyond Casablanca. RAM passengers will have access to EY's "expanding global flight network," it said. EY operates four-times-weekly Abu Dhabi-Casablanca service.
  62. ^ "Airline Routes". Air Transport World. 21 December 2012. Archived from the original on 28 December 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012. Etihad Airways expanded its codeshare with Royal Air Maroc to include Conakry, the capital of the Republic of Guinea, on Dec. 12. Etihad operates the leg between Abu Dhabi and Casablanca, while RAM flies the onward segment to Conakry 2X weekly. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  63. ^ "Royal Air Maroc / JetBlue Begins Codeshare Partnership from late-June 2015". Airlineroute.net. 30 June 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  64. ^ Moores, Victoria (6 May 2015). "Qatar adds routes, inks JV with Royal Air Maroc". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 7 May 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) 
  65. ^ "Safar Flyer". Royal Air Maroc. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
  66. ^ "Safar Flyer – Partners". Royal Air Maroc. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
  67. ^ a b "SubFleets for: Royal Air Maroc". AeroTransport Data Bank. 27 May 2013. Archived from the original on 27 May 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  68. ^ "Royal air Maroc Takes the Lead with its First Boeing 737-800" (Press release). Boeing. 14 July 1998. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  69. ^ "Royal Air Maroc Accepts Its First Boeing Next-Generation 737-700" (Press release). Boeing. 23 April 1999. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  70. ^ "Royal Air Maroc Orders More Boeing Next-Generation 737s" (Press release). Boeing. 23 March 2001. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  71. ^ "Royal Air Maroc to Expand it's Fleet with New Boeing Airplanes" (Press release). Boeing. 14 November 2000. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  72. ^ James, Barry (19 June 2001). "Airbus and Boeing Stage a Dogfight at Paris Air Show". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 January 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  73. ^ "Royal Air Maroc Selects Boeing 787 Dreamliner" (Press release). Boeing. 10 August 2005. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  74. ^ "RAM signs MOU for up to five Dreamliners". Air Transport World. 11 August 2005. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  75. ^ "Other News - 11/04/2005". Air Transport World. 7 November 2005. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  76. ^ "Other News - 12/07/2005". Air Transport World. 8 December 2005. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  77. ^ "Other News - 02/24/2006". Air Transport World. 27 February 2006. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  78. ^ Moores, Victoria (5 January 2015). "Royal Air Maroc receives its first Boeing 787". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 5 January 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) 
  79. ^ "Boeing, Royal Air Maroc Celebrate Arrival of Airline's First 787 Dreamliner" (Press release). Boeing. 5 January 2015. Archived from the original on 5 January 2015. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) 
  80. ^ Buyck, Cathy (23 August 2011). "Royal Air Maroc takes delivery of first two ATR 72s". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  81. ^ Bonnassies, Olivier (17 August 2011). "Royal Air Maroc takes delivery of first ATR 72-600". London: Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 1 August 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) 
  82. ^ "Other News - 03/28/2009". Air Transport World. 30 March 2009. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  83. ^ "Morocco's RAM airline to buy 20 new planes by 2020-CEO". Reuters. 20 June 2013. Archived from the original on 15 July 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  84. ^ Ricci, Joël (23 November 2014). "Royal Air Maroc réceptionne son premier Embraer E-190" [Roal Air Maroc took delivery of its first Embraer E-190]. Air Journal (in French). Archived from the original on 14 December 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) 
  85. ^ "fleet". royalairmaroc.com. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  86. ^ "Royal Air Maroc - Transport Aérien". Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  87. ^ "cabin map". Archived from the original on 20 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  88. ^ https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2018/01/238746/ram-royal-air-maroc-fleet/
  89. ^ a b "Royal Air Maroc to grow long-haul routes, expand to China and consider joining a global alliance". CAPA Centre for Aviation. 16 January 2015. Archived from the original on 16 January 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) 
  90. ^ Walker, Karen (27 December 2017). "Royal Air Maroc orders four more 787s". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 27 December 2017.
  91. ^ Toh, Mavis (27 December 2017). "Royal Air Maroc revealed as customer for four 787-9s". Singapore: Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 27 December 2017.
  92. ^ "Royal Air Maroc takes delivery of one B767-300(BCF)". ch-Aviation. 17 April 2018.
  93. ^ "Royal Air Maroc Fleet". ch-aviation GmbH. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 14 December 2014. Retrieved 2014-03-28. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  94. ^ "Royal Air Maroc Fleet". ch-aviation GmbH. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  95. ^ Accident description for CN-CCV at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 29 December 2012.
  96. ^ "Casablanca crash". Flight International: 584. 9 April 1970. Retrieved 31 December 2012. Caravelle of Royal Air Maroc crashed on the approach to Nouasseur Airport, Casablanca, on April 1. The aircraft, on the Agadir-Casablanca-Paris route, had a crew of six and was carrying 76 passengers; there were 22 survivors of whom ten were reported to be in a serious condition in hospital. Eye-witness reports indicate that the aircraft suddenly lost height from about 500ft, 180m. on final approach and that the fuselage broke in half on impact.
  97. ^ Accident description for OO-SRD at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 8 January 2013.
  98. ^ Accident description for CN-CCJ at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 29 December 2012.
  99. ^ Accident description for CN-RNF at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 8 January 2013.

Bibliography

  • Guttery, Ben R. (1998). Encyclopedia of African Airlines. Jefferson, North Carolina 28640: Mc Farland & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0495-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: location (link)
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