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World Intellectual Property Indicators

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This article is about the World Intellectual Property Indicators. For other uses, see WIPI.

World Intellectual Property Indicators (WIPI) is an annual statistical report published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).[1] The publication provides an overview of the activity in the areas of patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms, plant variety protection, geographical indications and the creative economy.

The WIPI draws on intellectual property (IP) statistics collected from the 193 member States of WIPO. It provides the latest trends for IP activity at world, geographical region, country and IP office levels. WIPO has published the report annually since 2009.[2]

Data sources

The IP statistics data presented in the WIPI are taken from the WIPO Statistics Database and based primarily on data collected from national and regional IP offices, other competent authorities and publishers’ associations from around the world, through annual surveys consisting of multiple questionnaires. Data are also compiled by WIPO in processing international applications through the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), the Madrid System for trademark protection and the Hague System for industrial design protection.[3]

Patent family and technology data are extracted from the WIPO Statistics Database and from the PATSTAT database of the European Patent Office (EPO).[4] Gross domestic product, income group classification and population data are from the World Development Indicators database of the World Bank. Geographical regions are those defined by the United Nations.[3]

Accessing the report and its data

The WIPI is available on WIPO website. Its underlying data can be extracted from the IP Statistics Data Center, which is WIPO’s online statistical database.[1][2][5]

The IP Facts and Figures report, drawn from the WIPI, serves as a quick reference guide for the most frequently used measure of IP activity.[6] An online statistical country profile also provides a set of IP statistics at the country level[7]

More comprehensive data and analysis on the WIPO administrated Systems are available in a series of three publications: PCT Yearly Review, Madrid Yearly Review and Hague Yearly Review.[8][9][10]

IP Statistics by IP office or by country of origin

Applications received by offices from resident and non-resident applicants are referred to as office data, whereas applications filed by applicants at their national or regional office (resident applications) or at a foreign office (applications filed abroad) are referred to as origin data.[3][11] For statistical purposes, WIPO defines the origin of an IP application to be the country or territory of residence of the first named applicant in the application.[3][11]

Due to the nature of regional offices, the WIPI uses an equivalent application concept for reporting data by origin.[3][11] Applications at regional offices are equivalent to multiple applications, one in each of the member states of those offices. For the EPO and the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO), the equivalent application is counted as one application abroad, if the applicant does not reside in a member state, or as one resident application and one application abroad, if the applicant resides in a member state.[3]

The patent, trademark and industrial design data presented in this table come from the WIPI and show the application filing activity trend by country of origin and by year of filing.

Trademark application data refer to class counts – that is, the number of classes specified in applications. This provides the best comparison of international trademark filing activity across origins, because some jurisdictions may allow multiple classes of goods and services to be specified in a single application, whereas others require a separate application for each class. For the same reason, industrial design data refer to design counts, that is, the number of designs contained in applications.[2][11]

Patents, trademarks, and industrial design filing activity by country of origin[1][12][13][14][15]
Code Country / Region Patent applications

in 2021

Patent applications

in 2022

Trademarks applications

in 2021

Trademarks applications

in 2022

Industrial design applications

in 2021

Industrial design applications

in 2022

AD  Andorra 27 19 7,588 8,885 0 0
AE  United Arab Emirates 655 843 45,891 60,177 1,265 1,326
AG  Antigua and Barbuda 408 153 1,940 1,555 2 0
AL  Albania 39 35 2,766 1,655 58 778
AM  Armenia 106 71 5,651 8,278 81 129
AO  Angola 0 82 0 0 0 46
AR  Argentina 717 763 82,468 83,214 1,624 1,583
AT  Austria 13,472 13,655 412,197 361,857 82,185 58,736
AU  Australia 12,825 11,707 251,488 224,153 18,061 15,867
AZ  Azerbaijan 338 531 6,165 8,602 81 96
BA  Bosnia and Herzegovina 64 73 1,879 2,035 671 172
BB  Barbados 767 0 17,060 2,646 0 0
BD  Bangladesh 91 90 11,010 9,439 1,393 1,225
BE  Belgium 13,966 14,290 281,983 250,062 35,115 34,668
BF  Burkina Faso 85 104 6,148 3,270 206 136
BG  Bulgaria 466 548 105,124 131,517 13,014 28,711
BH  Bahrain 17 30 1,326 1,945 15 35
BJ  Benin 171 71 3,596 2,677 85 51
BN  Brunei 5 1 737 227 0 0
BO  Bolivia 6 14 4,935 4,910 23 31
BR  Brazil 6,909 6,984 370,158 380,501 7,920 8,097
BT  Bhutan 0 1 157 93 3 0
BW  Botswana 4 17 0 0 18 5
BY  Belarus 1,118 980 12,272 7,985 462 670
BZ  Belize 21 17 0 0 59 0
CA  Canada 26,525 25,562 235,899 202,119 17,985 15,352
CF  Central African Republic 17 0 70 97 0 17
CG  Republic of the Congo 71 52 707 421 17 0
CH  Switzerland 48,336 51,445 567,109 518,055 117,813 116,156
CI  Ivory Coast 697 562 19,631 14,692 1,360 3,074
CL  Chile 930 823 66,205 53,486 189 92
CM  Cameroon 1,074 803 13,245 11,159 631 426
CN  China 1,538,604 1,586,339 11,170,624 8,561,984 1,512,861 1,408,921
CO  Colombia 692 1,317 42,743 61,046 636 783
CR  Costa Rica 130 135 10,914 11,990 13 4
CU  Cuba 112 0 2,521 4,161 14 0
CV  Cape Verde 1 2 147 110 0 0
CW  Curaçao 0 0 2,403 4,315 0 0
CY  Cyprus 417 295 91,783 81,971 9,184 4,604
CZ  Czech Republic 1,922 1,887 199,534 173,176 24,605 25,309
DE  Germany 165,826 157,652 2,947,580 2,552,542 540,700 489,507
DJ  Djibouti 3 1 41 52 0 9
DK  Denmark 14,100 14,525 195,921 171,314 58,229 44,638
DM  Dominica 5 1 93 19 0 0
DO  Dominican Republic 46 51 11,094 12,135 44 64
DZ  Algeria 281 483 11,857 12,252 900 855
EC  Ecuador 51 45 15,497 15,367 107 89
EE  Estonia 350 273 74,596 70,390 5,773 4,845
EG  Egypt 997 866 46,684 43,102 2,276 2,069
ES  Spain 10,880 10,518 794,344 789,031 101,588 118,365
ET  Ethiopia 0 39 1,443 1,924 0 60
FI  Finland 12,826 12,972 174,836 152,511 25,455 19,972
FR  France 66,137 66,446 1,251,047 1,194,182 227,890 217,619
GA  Gabon 359 103 1,228 1,299 204 85
GB  United Kingdom 53,650 54,620 1,198,871 1,093,675 135,245 131,371
GD  Grenada 1 0 26 10 0 0
GE  Georgia 132 97 4,618 3,750 113 247
GH  Ghana 0 11 0 1,097 0 673
GM  Gambia 0 0 121 405 0 0
GN  Guinea 52 51 5,045 4,175 1,003 1,020
GQ  Equatorial Guinea 0 0 187 459 1 0
GR  Greece 1,387 1,238 0 0 11,758 11,803
GT  Guatemala 15 12 0 0 83 19
GW  Guinea-Bissau 0 0 426 391 51 85
GY  Guyana 40 0 0 117 1 0
HK  Hong Kong 3,261 2,459 139,559 112,271 27,295 25,074
HN  Honduras 2 2 2,950 3,062 0 1
HR  Croatia 304 290 30,779 36,255 5,867 5,281
HU  Hungary 1,466 1,145 69,947 63,856 5,132 6,274
ID  Indonesia 1,445 1,607 97,170 113,162 3,123 3,708
IE  Ireland 7,061 7,464 0 0 15,625 9,799
IL  Israel 17,341 17,327 44,060 48,990 10,163 10,107
IN  India 43,163 56,396 477,121 499,674 19,774 22,409
IQ  Iraq 0 0 2,756 1,193 0 0
IR  Iran 10,350 8,391 511,868 357,669 13,937 8,170
IS  Iceland 371 313 6,133 5,747 38 0
IT  Italy 34,206 32,021 1,238,081 1,178,542 350,437 369,347
JM  Jamaica 23 13 2,936 0 94 154
JO  Jordan 53 64 6,321 6,366 322 251
JP  Japan 412,885 406,374 555,273 549,015 94,374 91,683
KE  Kenya 199 396 0 5,475 126 99
KG  Kyrgyzstan 120 132 845 981 30 20
KH  Cambodia 0 41 0 0 0 1
KM  Comoros 0 0 138 36 0 0
KP  North Korea 0 0 0 5,234 0 0
KR  South Korea 267,527 272,675 471,725 449,639 116,693 103,174
KW  Kuwait 0 0 0 7,801 114 17
KZ  Kazakhstan 0 1,297 17,109 18,309 283 231
LA  Laos 0 0 0 0 0 1
LI  Liechtenstein 1,482 1,480 15,328 12,723 3,215 2,853
LK  Sri Lanka 329 260 7,725 6,980 227 361
LT  Lithuania 477 642 62,935 61,635 5,327 5,055
LU  Luxembourg 2,725 2,580 98,061 88,768 8,992 6,304
LV  Latvia 281 246 27,774 26,106 2,504 2,481
MA  Morocco 399 363 106,422 52,405 3,924 5,082
MC  Monaco 137 154 15,384 15,953 431 229
MD  Moldova 75 54 6,253 5,257 749 528
ME  Montenegro 0 11 0 0 0 2
MG  Madagascar 6 9 3,275 3,441 328 338
MK  North Macedonia 73 53 4,585 8,860 172 265
ML  Mali 194 55 5,760 3,514 206 121
MN  Mongolia 113 138 19,487 10,415 1,391 1,088
MO  Macau 163 27 3,660 3,108 245 14
MR  Mauritania 36 85 2,466 982 0 34
MT  Malta 407 441 78,933 67,790 13,822 4,802
MU  Mauritius 165 401 8,607 5,798 63 115
MX  Mexico 1,994 1,815 165,547 162,780 1,756 1,439
MY  Malaysia 1,863 1,760 33,696 27,650 721 990
MZ  Mozambique 30 25 1,606 788 35 52
NA  Namibia 0 39 0 488 0 38
NE  Niger 68 87 815 809 0 0
NL  Netherlands 32,779 32,738 609,122 582,247 97,770 91,971
NO  Norway 5,841 5,974 94,151 78,970 8,504 6,936
NZ  New Zealand 2,682 2,588 55,614 48,773 5,992 6,666
OM  Oman 100 88 6,819 8,074 17 108
PA  Panama 70 0 12,385 0 197 0
PE  Peru 160 234 32,316 31,278 98 117
PG  Papua New Guinea 4 4 329 112 0 0
PH  Philippines 695 674 37,610 38,417 720 685
PK  Pakistan 491 416 44,595 39,967 485 467
PL  Poland 5,916 6,073 500,481 477,735 158,341 155,846
PT  Portugal 1,986 2,035 168,643 146,295 24,697 23,863
PY  Paraguay 14 11 17,189 14,791 9 1
QA  Qatar 121 0 10,722 8,241 0 0
RO  Romania 1,114 1,140 130,737 162,185 9,686 14,391
RS  Serbia 271 230 16,773 14,102 933 685
RU  Russia 25,904 25,188 417,882 447,229 11,773 10,849
RW  Rwanda 16 9 721 777 10 5
SA  Saudi Arabia 4,868 5,019 32,263 39,991 1,096 968
SC  Seychelles 51 46 5,540 4,641 27 0
SE  Sweden 27,802 28,184 400,733 352,825 48,800 48,682
SG  Singapore 9,766 8,599 105,298 109,348 15,301 6,519
SI  Slovenia 744 811 48,379 53,579 4,451 7,638
SK  Slovakia 414 557 62,093 53,820 6,498 3,808
SL  Sierra Leone 0 0 0 237 4 0
SM  San Marino 58 48 0 0 486 605
SN  Senegal 606 583 12,560 9,702 425 493
SO  Somalia 0 0 15 30 0 0
SR  Suriname 0 0 529 116 0 0
ST  São Tomé and Príncipe 0 0 4 48 0 0
SV  El Salvador 2 4 5,611 5,441 16 20
SY  Syria 106 131 0 0 485 451
TD  Chad 51 119 163 129 119 51
TG  Togo 81 85 6,982 3,390 85 34
TH  Thailand 1,548 1,416 43,547 39,009 4,764 4,149
TJ  Tajikistan 97 33 0 0 1 0
TN  Tunisia 0 225 0 5,760 0 547
TO  Tonga 0 0 7 5 0 4
TR  Turkey 10,869 11,114 503,741 579,543 78,829 94,792
TT  Trinidad and Tobago 15 7 956 1,443 60 12
UA  Ukraine 1,706 1,080 64,201 46,691 6,149 3,000
UG  Uganda 20 16 2,233 2,186 91 56
US  United States 509,962 515,281 2,169,465 2,009,487 392,258 366,686
UY  Uruguay 0 0 9,057 8,386 0 0
UZ  Uzbekistan 428 475 10,955 13,879 240 236
VC  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 2 386 601 0 0
VE  Venezuela 0 29 0 8,329 0 19
VN  Vietnam 1,205 1,057 86,109 92,118 2,561 2,755
VU  Vanuatu 0 0 196 362 4 6
WS  Samoa 17 0 865 880 0 9
YE  Yemen 22 13 5,709 3,702 80 56
ZA  South Africa 2,751 2,619 36,851 32,164 1,614 1,714
ZM  Zambia 15 14 1,284 1,264 46 81
ZW  Zimbabwe 0 41 0 1,341 19 38

Controversies

Taiwanese patents

Since Taiwan (ROC) is not a member of the United Nations, the number of patents filed in Taiwan is not reported. The number of patent applications filed with the Taiwan Intellectual Property Office (TIPO) in 2018 was 73,431,[16] which would place it in 6th place worldwide for that year, or 2nd place per capita. In 2014, Bloomberg ranked Taiwan #1 in Patent Activity, using UN data.[17][18] The last WIPO Indicators report to mention the name Taiwan was in 2017, noting the large number of patents by Foxconn.[19][20][21][22]

China has been criticized for its efforts in the UN to reduce the visibility of Taiwan,[23][24] including via WIPO; in 2020 Beijing reportedly retaliated to the failed election of a Chinese director-general of the organization by preventing the Wikimedia Foundation from gaining observer status at the WIPO, on the grounds that Wikimedia has a Taiwan subsidiary.[25][26][27]

References

  1. ^ a b c "World Intellectual Property Indicators". www.wipo.int.
  2. ^ a b c "WIPO IP Statistics Data Center". www3.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021" (PDF). World Intellectual Property Organization. Retrieved 28 April 2022. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  4. ^ Office, European Patent. "PATSTAT. Worldwide Patent Statistical Database". www.epo.org. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  5. ^ "Intellectual Property Statistics". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  6. ^ "Publications: WIPO IP Facts and Figures". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  7. ^ "Statistical Country Profiles". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  8. ^ "Publications: PCT Yearly Review". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  9. ^ "Publications: Madrid Yearly Review". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  10. ^ "Publications: Hague Yearly Review". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  11. ^ a b c d "About WIPO's IP Statistics". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  12. ^ World Intellectual Property Organization. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021". www.wipo.int. doi:10.34667/tind.44461. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  13. ^ World Intellectual Property Organization. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020". www.wipo.int. doi:10.34667/tind.42184. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  14. ^ World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2019". www.wipo.int. doi:10.34667/tind.40353. Retrieved 2021-08-26.
  15. ^ World Intellectual Property Organization. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2023". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2024-06-25.
  16. ^ "TIPO Statistics Report: Patent and Trademark Applications in 2018". Taiwan Intellectual Property Office. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  17. ^ Lu, Wei; Chan, Marcus (6 August 2017). "In Global Innovation Race, Taiwan Is Tops in Patents, Israel Leads in R&D - Bloomberg". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 2017-08-06. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  18. ^ "MOST INNOVATIVE IN THE WORLD 2014: COUNTRIES" (PDF). Bloomberg. 13 March 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-13.
  19. ^ "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2017" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
  20. ^ "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2018" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
  21. ^ "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2019" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
  22. ^ "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
  23. ^ Horton, Chris (8 May 2017). "Blocked by China, Taiwan Presses to Join U.N. Agency's Meeting". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  24. ^ Lee, Kristine. "It's Not Just the WHO: How China Is Moving on the Whole U.N." POLITICO. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  25. ^ Glosserman, Brad (9 March 2020). "China loses a skirmish in fight for global influence". The Japan Times. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  26. ^ Hui, Mary (25 September 2020). "Beijing blocked Wikimedia from a UN agency because of "Taiwan-related issues"". Quartz. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  27. ^ Magnier, Mark (30 September 2020). "Beijing blocks Wikipedia from UN agency to resist 'Western values': analysts". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
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