November 8
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November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 53 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
- 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great pomp as would befit a returning god.
- 1520 - Stockholm Bloodbath begins: A successful invasion of Sweden by Danish forces results in the execution of around 100 people.
- 1576 - Eighty Years' War: Pacification of Ghent - The States-General of the Netherlands meet and unite to oppose Spanish occupation.
- 1602 - The Bodleian Library at Oxford University is opened to the public.
- 1620 - The Battle of White Mountain takes place near Prague, ending in a decisive Catholic victory in only two hours.
- 1793 - In Paris, the French Revolutionary government opens the Louvre to the public as a museum.
- 1837 - Mary Lyon founds Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, which would later become Mount Holyoke College
- 1861 - American Civil War: The "Trent Affair" – The USS San Jacinto stops the United Kingdom mailship Trent and arrests two Confederate envoys, sparking a diplomatic crisis between the UK and US.
- 1889 - Montana is admitted as the 41st U.S. state.
- 1895 - While experimenting with electricity Wilhelm Röntgen discovers x-rays.
- 1917 - People's Commissars gives authority to Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Josef Stalin.
- 1923 - Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government.
- 1933 - Great Depression: New Deal - US President Franklin D. Roosevelt unveils the Civil Works Administration, an organization designed to create jobs for more than 4 million of the unemployed.
- 1935 - A dozen labor leaders come together to announce the creation of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), an organization charged with pushing the cause for industrial unionism.
- 1935 - Fernand Bouisson becomes Prime Minister of France
- 1937 - The Nazi exhibition Der ewige Jude ("the eternal Jew") opens in Munich.
- 1937 - The Chinese Youth Journalist Association was created in Shanghai. The day has become Chinese Journalist Day.
- 1938 - A pogrom against the Jews of Germany and Austria takes place in response to the assassination of a German diplomat in Paris.
- 1939 - Venlo Incident: Two British agents of SIS are captured by the Germans.
- 1939 - In Munich, Adolf Hitler narrowly escapes an assassination attempt while celebrating the 16th anniversary of the Beer Hall Putsch.
- 1941 - Albanian Communist Party founded.
- 1942 - Holocaust: In Ternopil, western Ukraine, German SS deport about 2,400 Jews from Ternopil ghetto to the Belzec death camp, so called "Second Aktion". When the Germans captured Ternopil, about 18,000 Jews lived in the city.
- 1942 - World War II: Operation Torch - United States and United Kingdom forces land in French North Africa.
- 1942 - World War II: French resistance coup in Algiers, by which 400 Civil French patriots neutralized Vichyst XIXth Army Corps during 15 hours, arrested vichyst generals (Juin, Darlan, etc.), and so allowed the immediate success of Operation Torch in Algiers, then, from there, to the whole French North Africa.
- 1950 - Korean War: United States Air Force Lt. Russell J. Brown shoots down two North Korean MiG-15s in the first jet aircraft-to-jet aircraft dogfight in history.
- 1965 - The British Indian Ocean Territory is created, consisting of Chagos Archipelago, Aldabra, Farquhar and Des Roches islands.
- 1965 - The 173rd Airborne is ambushed by over 1,200 Viet Cong in Operation Hump during the Vietnam War.
- 1966 - Former Massachusetts Attorney General Edward Brooke becomes the first African American elected to the United States Senate.
- 1966 - U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs into law an antitrust exemption allowing the National Football League to merge with the upstart American Football League.
- 1970 - Tom Dempsey kicks a National Football League-record 63 yard (57.6 meter) field goal to give the New Orleans Saints a 19-17 victory over the Detroit Lions at Tulane Stadium.
- 1973 - The right ear of John Paul Getty III is delivered to a newspaper together with a ransom note, convincing his father to pay 2.9 million USD.
- 1974 - In Salt Lake City, Utah, Carol DaRonch narrowly escapes abduction by serial killer Ted Bundy.
- 1977 - 3,100 people mysteriously register to vote in Perry County, Ohio, unearthed by the U.S. House Judiciary Committee report investigating 2004 election inconsistencies in Ohio.
- 1977 - Manolis Andronikos, a well known Greek Archaeologist and professor at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, discovers the tomb of Philip II of Macedon at Vergina, making one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century.
- 1978 - In Singapore, Funky Dance Movement begins with birth of Siu-Pihn Chao FDM.
- 1979 - Foundation of the Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action).
- 1987 - Remembrance Day Bombing: In Enniskillen, Northern Ireland, an Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb explodes, at a ceremony honouring Britain's war dead, killing eleven people.
- 1989 - Hong Kong's MTR Lam Tin Station came into service.
- 2002 - Iraq disarmament crisis: UN Security Council Resolution 1441 – The United Nations Security Council unanimously approves a resolution on Iraq, forcing Saddam Hussein to disarm or face "serious consequences".
- 2004 - War in Iraq: More than 10,000 U.S. troops and a small number of Iraqi army units participate in a siege on the insurgent stronghold of Fallujah.
- 2006 - Beit Hanoun November 2006 incident
Births
- 35 - Nerva, Roman Emperor (d. 98)
- 1342 - Julian of Norwich, English saint (d. 1416)
- 1491 - Teofilo Folengo, Italian poet (d. 1544)
- 1622 - King Charles X of Sweden (d. 1660)
- 1656 (N.S.) - Edmond Halley, British astronomer and mathematician (d. 1742)
- 1706 - Johann Ulrich von Cramer, German judge and philosopher (d. 1772)
- 1710 - Sarah Fielding, English writer (d. 1768)
- 1715 - Elisabeth Christine von Braunschweig-Bevern, wife of Frederick II of Prussia (d. 1797)
- 1723 - John Byron, British naval officer (d. 1786)
- 1836 - Milton Bradley, American game manufacturer (d. 1911)
- 1847 - Jean Casimir-Perier, French politician (d. 1907)
- 1847 - Bram Stoker, Irish novelist (d. 1912)
- 1848 - Gottlob Frege, German mathematician and logician (d. 1925)
- 1854 - Johannes Rydberg, Swedish physicist (d. 1919)
- 1866 - Herbert Austin, English automobile pioneer (d. 1941)
- 1868 - Felix Hausdorff, German mathematician (d. 1942)
- 1869 - Zinaida Gippius, Russian woman-poet in exile in France (d. 1945)
- 1883 - Arnold Bax, English composer (d. 1953)
- 1884 - Hermann Rorschach, Swiss psychiatrist (d. 1922)
- 1885 - Hans Cloos, German geologist (d. 1951)
- 1885 - Tomoyuki Yamashita, Japanese general (d. 1946)
- 1885 - Emil Fahrenkamp, German architect (d. 1966)
- 1893 - Clarence Williams, American composer (d. 1965)
- 1893 - Prajadhipok, Rama VII, king of Thailand (d. 1941)
- 1895 - Photios Kontoglou, Greek writer, painter and iconographer (d. 1965)
- 1896 - Bucky Harris, baseball player (d. 1977)
- 1897 - Dorothy Day, social activist (d. 1980)
- 1898 - Marie Prevost, Canadian actress (d. 1937)
- 1900 - Margaret Mitchell, American author (d. 1949)
- 1900 - Charlie Paddock, American athlete (d. 1943)
- 1904 - Cedric Belfrage English-born writer (d. 1990)
- 1908 - Martha Gellhorn, American writer (d. 1998)
- 1916 - June Havoc, American actress
- 1918 - Hermann Zapf, German designer
- 1919 - P. L. Deshpande, Indian author (d. 2000)
- 1920 - Esther Rolle, American actress (d. 1998)
- 1920 - Eugênio de Araújo Sales, Brazilian cardinal
- 1922 - Christiaan Barnard, South African heart surgeon (d. 2001)
- 1922 - Ademir Marques de Menezes, Brazilian footballer (d. 1996)
- 1923 - Jack Kilby, American electrical engineer, Nobel laureate (d. 2005)
- 1924 - Joe Flynn, American actor (d. 1974)
- 1927 - Ken Dodd, English comedian
- 1927 - Nguyen Khanh, Prime Minister of South Vietnam
- 1927 - Patti Page, American singer
- 1929 - António Castanheira Neves, Portuguese philosopher
- 1931 - Darla Hood, American actress (d. 1979)
- 1931 - Morley Safer, Canadian journalist
- 1933 - Peter Arundell, British racing driver
- 1935 - Alain Delon, French actor
- 1935 - Alfonso López Trujillo, Colombian Cardinal Bishop
- 1938 - Driss Basri, Moroccan Interior Minister (d. 2007)
- 1942 - Angel Cordero Jr., Puerto Rican jockey
- 1943 - Martin Peters, English footballer
- 1944 - Bonnie Bramlett, American singer (Delaney, Bonnie & Friends)
- 1945 - Don Murray, American musician (The Turtles)
- 1946 - Guus Hiddink, Dutch football coach
- 1946 - Roy Wood, English songwriter and musician (Electric Light Orchestra, The Move, Wizzard)
- 1947 - Minnie Riperton, American singer (d. 1979)
- 1949 - Bonnie Raitt, American singer
- 1950 - Mary Hart, American television personality
- 1951 - Alfredo Astiz, Argentine general
- 1952 - Jan Raas, Dutch cyclist
- 1952 - Christie Hefner, CEO of Playboy Enterprises
- 1952 - John Denny, American baseball player
- 1953 - Alfre Woodard, American actress
- 1954 - Michael D. Brown, U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency director
- 1954 - Kazuo Ishiguro, British author
- 1954 - Rickie Lee Jones, American singer
- 1954 - Jeanette McGruder, American musician (P Funk)
- 1956 - Richard Curtis, British screenwriter
- 1957 - Porl Thompson, British musician (The Cure)
- 1957 - Alan Curbishley, English football manager
- 1958 - Don Byron, American clarinetist
- 1960 - Oleg Menshikov, Russian actor
- 1960 - Michael Nyqvist, Swedish actor
- 1961 - Leif Garrett, American singer
- 1965 - Jeff Blauser, American baseball player
- 1966 - Gordon Ramsay, British chef and reality television personality
- 1967 - Courtney Thorne-Smith, American actress
- 1967 - Henry Rodriguez, Dominican Republic baseball player
- 1968 - Parker Posey, American actress
- 1968 - Zara Whites, Dutch actress
- 1968 - Sergio Porrini, Italian footballer
- 1970 - José Francisco Porras, Costa Rican footballer
- 1970 - Diana King, Jamaican singer
- 1971 - Carlos Atanes, Spanish film director
- 1971 - Aaron Yates (Tech N9NE), American rapper
- 1972 - Gretchen Mol, American actress
- 1974 - Masashi Kishimoto, Japanese manga author
- 1975 - Tara Reid, American actress
- 1975 - José Pinto, Spanish footballer
- 1976 - Brett Lee, Australian cricketer
- 1976 - Colin Strause, American director
- 1977 - Bucky Covington, American entertainer
- 1977 - Jully Black, Canadian R&B singer
- 1978 - Ali Karimi, Iranian footballer
- 1978 - Spyros Gogolos, Greek footballer
- 1978 - Júlio Sérgio Bertagnoli, Brazilian football
- 1978 - Tim de Cler, Dutch footballer
- 1979 - Aaron Hughes, Northern Irish footballer
- 1981 - Joe Cole, English footballer
- 1982 - Mika Kallio, Finnish Grand Prix motorcycle racer
- 1983 - Kat Shoob, British television presenter
- 1983 - Blanka Vlašić, Croatian high jumper
- 1983 - Remko Pasveer, Dutch footballer
- 1985 - Jack Osbourne, American television star
- 1987 - Aaron Burns, Manchester United Academy Player
- 1989 - Alyx Iversen, Sexy
- 2003 - Lady Louise Windsor, British royal
Deaths
- 911 - Louis the Child, last Carolingian ruler of the East Franks (b. 893)
- 955 - Pope Agapetus II
- 1171 - Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut (b. 1108)
- 1195 - Conrad of Hohenstaufen
- 1226 - King Louis VIII of France (b. 1187)
- 1246 - Berenguela of Castile, wife of Alfonso IX of Castile (b. 1180)
- 1308 - Duns Scotus, Scottish philosopher
- 1517 - Francisco Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros, Spanish statesman (b. 1436)
- 1527 - Jerome Emser, German theologian (b. 1477)
- 1599 - Francisco Guerrero, Spanish composer (b. 1528)
- 1600 - Natsuka Masaie, Japanese warlord (b. 1562)
- 1605 - Robert Catesby, English conspirator (b. 1573)
- 1658 - Witte Corneliszoon de With, Dutch naval officer (b. 1599)
- 1674 - John Milton, English poet (b. 1608)
- 1719 - Michel Rolle, French mathematician (b. 1652)
- 1817 - Andrea Appiani, Italian painter (b. 1754)
- 1830 - King Francis I of the Two Sicilies (b. 1777)
- 1887 - Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (b. 1851)
- 1890 - César Franck, Belgian composer and organist (b. 1822)
- 1905 - Victor Borisov-Musatov, Russian painter (b. 1870)
- 1917 - Colin Blythe, English cricketer (b. 1879)
- 1921 - Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav, Slovak poet (b. 1849)
- 1934 - Carlos Chagas, Brazilian physician (b. 1879)
- 1945 - August von Mackensen, German field marshal (b. 1849)
- 1949 - Cyriel Verschaeve, Belgian clergyman (b. 1874)
- 1953 - Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1870)
- 1953 - John van Melle, South African author (b. 1887)
- 1959 - Frank Sherman Land, founder of DeMolay International (b. 1890)
- 1965 - Dorothy Kilgallen, American newspaper columnist (b. 1913)
- 1968 - Wendell Corey, American actor (b. 1914)
- 1974 - Ivory Joe Hunter, American R&B singer, pianist and songwriter (b. 1914)
- 1977 - Bucky Harris, baseball player (b. 1896)
- 1978 - Norman Rockwell, American illustrator (b. 1894)
- 1983 - Mordecai Kaplan, Rabbi, founded Reconstructionist Judaism (b. 1881)
- 1979 - Yvonne de Gaulle, wife of Charles de Gaulle (b. 1900)
- 1985 - Nicolas Frantz, Luxembourgish cyclist (b. 1899)
- 1986 - Vyacheslav Molotov, Russian politician (b. 1890)
- 1993 - Andrey Nikolayevich Tychonoff, Russian mathematician (b. 1906)
- 1994 - Michael O'Donoghue, American writer (b. 1940)
- 1998 - Jean Marais, French actor (b. 1913)
- 1999 - Leon Štukelj, Slovenian gymnast (b. 1898)
- 1999 - Lester Bowie, American jazz trumpet player (b. 1941)
- 2002 - Jon Elia, Pakistani scholar, poet and philosopher (b. 1931)
- 2003 - Guy Speranza, American singer, original Riot frontman (b. 1956)
- 2003 - C. Z. Guest, American socialite (b. 1920)
- 2005 - David Westheimer, American novelist (b. 1917)
- 2005 - Alekos Alexandrakis, Greek actor (b. 1928)
- 2006 - Basil Poledouris, American film score composer (b. 1945)
Holidays and observances
- Mundus patet: a harvest feast involving the dead.
- Saint Michael's Day in Greece and Cyprus and to those of Greek Orthodox faith worldwide
- Saint Demetrius Day (Mitrovdan) in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Feast of Blessed Elizabeth of the Trinity