List of monarchs of Korea

Korean Dynasties are listed in the order of their fall.

This list includes the monarchs' romanized posthumous or temple names and reign dates. Names are romanized according to the South Korean Revised Romanization of Korean. McCune-Reischauer romanizations may be found at the articles about the individual monarchs.

Gojoseon

Gojoseon (c.2333 - 108 BCE) was the first Korean kingdom. It is said to have been founded by Dangun in 2333 BCE, although the foundation years are various among the historians.. Bronze age archaeological evidence of Gojoseon culture is found in northern Korea and southern Manchuria. By the 4th century BCE, various historical and archaeological evidence shows Gojoseon was a flourishing state and a self-declared kingdom.

The Annals of the kings are recorded in Gyuwon Sahwa (1675), which is described by its author as a collection of nationalistic legends. The Hwandan Gogi (1979), a controversial text whose authenticity is widely questioned, lists different years of reign.

Dangun-Joseon

See also: List of legendary monarchs of Korea

from Gyuwon Sahwa, considered legendary:

1. Dangun Wanggeom 왕검 (2333-2240 BCE)
2. Buru 부루 (2240-2206 BCE)
3. Gareuk 가륵 (2206-2155 BCE)
4. Osa 오사 (2155-2106 BCE)
5. Gueul 구을 (2106-2071 BCE)
6. Dalmun 달문 (2071-2039 BCE)
7. Hanyul 한율 (2039-2014 BCE)
8. Seohan 서한 (2014-1957 BCE)
9. Asul 아술 (1957-1929 BCE)
10. Noeul 노을 (1929-1906 BCE)
11. Dohae 도해 (1906-1870 BCE)
12. Ahan 아한 (1870-1843 BCE)
13. Heuldal 흘달 (1843-1800 BCE)
14. Gobul 고불 (1800-1771 BCE)
15. Beoreum 벌음 (1771-1738 BCE)
16. Wina 위나 (1738-1720 BCE)
17. Yeoeul 여을 (1720-1657 BCE)
18. Dongeom 동엄 (1657-1637 BCE)
19. Gumoso 구모소 (1637-1612 BCE)
20. Gohol 고홀 (1612-1601 BCE)
21. Sotae 소태 (1601-1568 BCE)
22. Saekbullu 색불루 (1568-1551 BCE)
23. Amul 아물 (1551-1532 BCE)
24. Yeonna 연나 (1532-1519 BCE)
25. Solla 솔나 (1519-1503 BCE)
26. Churo 추로 (1503-1494 BCE)
27. Dumil 두밀 (1494-1449 BCE)
28. Haemo 해모 (1449-1427 BCE)
29. Mahyu 마휴 (1427-1418 BCE)
30. Nahyu 내휴 (1418-1365 BCE)
31. Deungol 등올 (1365-1359 BCE)
32. Chumil 추밀 (1359-1351 BCE)
33. Gammul 감물 (1351-1342 BCE)
34. Orumun 오루문 (1342-1322 BCE)
35. Sabeol 사벌 (1322-1311 BCE)
36. Maereuk 매륵 (1311-1293 BCE)
37. Mamul 마물 (1293-1285 BCE)
38. Damul 다물 (1285-1266 BCE)
39. Duhol 두홀 (1266-1238 BCE)
40. Dareum 달음 (1238-1224 BCE)
41. Eumcha 음차 (1224-1205 BCE)
42. Euruji 을우지 (1205-1196 BCE)
43. Mulli 물리 (1196-1181 BCE)
44. Guhol 구홀 (1181-1174 BCE)
45. Yeoru 여루 (1174-1169 BCE)
46. Boeul 보을 (1169-1158 BCE)
47. Goyeolga 고열가 (1158-1128 BCE)

Gija-Joseon

See also: List of legendary monarchs of Korea

Dangun Joseon was succeeded by Gija-Joseon. Whether Gija Joseon actually existed is a matter of controversy. Korean scholars deny its existence for various reasons.

1. King Munseong of Gojoseon, Gija 문성대왕 (r. 1126 -1082 BCE)
2. King Janghye of Gojoseon 장혜왕 (r. 1082 -1057 BCE)
3. King Gyeonghyo of Gojoseon 경효왕 (r. 1057-1030 BCE)
4. King Gongjeong of Gojoseon 공정왕 (r. 1030-1000 BCE)
5. King Munmu of Gojoseon 문무왕 (r. 1000-972 BCE)
6. King Taewon of Gojoseon 태원왕 (r. 972-968 BCE)
7. King Gyeongchang of Gojoseon 경창왕 (r. 968-957 BCE)
8. King Heungpyeong of Gojoseon 흥평왕 (r. 957-943 BCE)
9. King Cheorwi of Gojoseon 철위왕 (r. 943-925 BCE)
10. King Seonhye of Gojoseon 선혜왕 (r. 925-896 BCE)
11. King Uiyang of Gojoseon 의양왕 (r. 896-843 BCE)
12. King Munhye of Gojoseon 문혜왕 (r. 843-793 BCE)
13. King Seongdeok of Gojoseon 성덕왕 (r. 793-778 BCE)
14. King Dohoe of Gojoseon 도회왕 (r. 778-776 BCE)
15. King Munyeol of Gojoseon 문열왕 (r. 776-761 BCE)
16. King Changguk of Gojoseon 창국왕 (r. 761-748 BCE)
17. King Museong of Gojoseon 무성왕 (r. 748-722 BCE)
18. King Jeonggyeong of Gojoseon 정경왕 (r. 722-703 BCE)
19. King Nakseong of Gojoseon 낙성왕 (r. 722-703 BCE)
20. King Hyojong of Gojoseon 효종왕 (r. 722-703 BCE)
21. King Cheonhyo of Gojoseon 천효왕 (r. 658-634 BCE)
22. King Sudo of Gojoseon 수도왕 (r. 634-615 BCE)
23. King Hwiyang of Gojoseon 휘양왕 (r. 615-594 BCE)
24. King Bongil of Gojoseon 봉일왕 (r. 594-578 BCE)
25. King Deokchang of Gojoseon 덕창왕 (r. 578-560 BCE)
26. King Suseong of Gojoseon 수성왕 (r. 560-519 BCE)
27. King Yeonggeol of Gojoseon 영걸왕 (r. 519-503 BCE)
28. King Ilmin of Gojoseon 일민왕 (r. 503-486 BCE)
29. King Jese of Gojoseon 제세왕 (r. 486-465 BCE)
30. King Cheongguk of Gojoseon 청국왕 (r. 465-432 BCE)
31. King Doguk of Gojoseon 도국왕 (r. 432-413 BCE)
32. King Hyeokseong of Gojoseon 혁성왕 (r. 413-385 BCE)
33. King Hwara of Gojoseon 화라왕 (r. 413-385 BCE)
34. King Seolmun of Gojoseon 설문왕 (r. 369-361 BCE)
35. King Gyeongsun of Gojoseon 경순왕 (r. 361-342 BCE)
36. King Gadeok of Gojoseon 가덕왕 (r. 342-315 BCE)
37. King Samhyo of Gojoseon 삼효왕 (r. 315-290 BCE)
38. King Hyeonmun of Gojoseon 현문왕 (r. 315-290 BCE)
39. King Jangpyeong of Gojoseon 장평왕 (r. 251-232 BCE)
40. King Jongtong of Gojoseon 종통왕 (r. 232-220 BCE)
41. King Ae of Gojoseon 애왕 (r. 220-195 BCE)

Wiman Joseon

Main article: Wiman Joseon earliest attested by contemporaneous records:

1. Wiman of Gojoseon 위만 衛滿 (194 BCE? - ?)
2. Unknown, (? - ?), son of Wiman
3. Ugeo of Gojoseon 우거왕 右渠王 (? - 108 BCE), grandson of Wiman

Buyeo

Buyeo (c.239-494 CE) ruled in modern-day Manchuria. The rulers continued to use the titles of Dangun. Some records refer to Bukbuyeo (North Buyeo) and Dongbuyeo (East Buyeo). It was absorbed into Goguryeo.

See also: List of legendary monarchs of Korea

1. Haemosu of Buyeo 해모수 (239-195 BCE)
2. Mosuri of Buyeo 모수리 (195-170 BCE)
3. Go Haesa of Buyeo 고해사 (170-121 BCE)
4. Go Uru of Buyeo 고우루 (121-86 BCE)

Bukbuyeo

See also: List of legendary monarchs of Korea

(c.108 BCE–c.58 BCE)

1. Go Dumak of Bukbuyeo 고두막 (108-60 BCE)
2. Go Museo of Bukbuyeo 고무수 (60-58 BCE)

Dongbuyeo

(c.86 BCE–22 CE) The rulers of Dongbuyeo submitted to Bukbuyeo in 86 BC, and thus used the title Wang ("King").

1. Hae Buru of Dongbuyeo 해부루왕 解夫婁王 (86-48 BCE)
2. Geumwa of Dongbuyeo 금와왕 金蛙王 (48-7 BCE)
3. Daeso of Dongbuyeo 대소왕 臺素王 (7 BCE - 22 CE)

Later Buyeo

• King of Galsa (갈사왕, 曷思王) (21 CE-?), Galsa was a brother of King Daeso of Buyeo.
• Dodu (도두, 都頭), He was a grandson of king of Galsa. At 68 CE, Galsa Buyeo was merged to Goguryeo.

• Wigutae (위구태왕, 慰仇太王) (?-?, 2nd century)
• Ganwigeo (간위거왕, 簡位居王) (?-?, 3rd century)
• Maryeo (마여왕, 麻余王) (?-?, 3rd century)
• Uiryeo (의려왕, 依慮王) (?-285 CE)
• Uira (의라왕, 依羅王) (286 CE-?)
• Hyeon (현왕, 玄王) (?-346 CE)
• Yeoul (여울왕, 餘蔚王) (?-384 CE)
• Jan (잔왕, 孱王) (?-494 CE), Later Buyeo was merged to Goguryeo in 494.

Goguryeo

Goguryeo (37 BC - 668 CE) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Goguryeo rulers may have used the title of Taewang (太王, "Greatest King"). [1]

#	Posthumous name[2]	Hangul (Hanja)	Personal names [3][4]	Period of reign
Legendary line [5]
1	Dongmyeongseong	동명성왕 (東明聖王), 동명왕 (東明王)	Jumong 주몽 (朱蒙), Chumo 추모 (鄒牟), Sanghae 상해 (象解)	37-19 BCE
2	Yurimyeong	유리왕 (琉璃王), 유리명왕 (琉璃明王)	Yuri 유리 (琉璃, 類利), Yuryu 유류 (孺留), Nuri 누리 (累利)	19 BCE - 18 CE
3	Daemusin	대무신왕 (大武神王), 대해주류왕 (大解朱留王)	Muhyul 무휼 (無恤)	18-44
4	Minjung	민중왕 (閔中王)	Saekju 색주 (色朱)	44-48
5	Mobon	모본왕 (慕本王)	U 우 (憂), Aeru 애루 (愛婁), Mangnae 막래 (莫來)	48-53
Great Imperial line
6	Taejo	태조[대]왕 (太祖[大]王), 국조왕 (國祖王)	Gung 궁 (宮), Eosu 어수 (於漱)	53-146
7	Chadae	차대왕 (次大王)	Suseong 수성 (遂成)	146-165
8	Sindae	신대왕 (新大王)	Baekgo 백고 (伯固), Baekgu 백구 (伯句)	165-179
Hwando-Guknae line
9	Gogukcheon	고국천왕 (故國川王), 국양왕 (國襄王)	Nammu 남무 (男武)	179-197
10	Sansang	산상태왕 山上太王	Jeong-u 정우 廷優, Wigung 위궁 位宮	197-227
11	Dongcheon	동천왕 東川王, 東襄王	Uwigeo 우위거 憂位居, Gyoche 교체 郊彘	227-248
12	Jungcheon	중천왕 中川王, 中襄王	Yeonbul 연불 然弗	248-270
13	Seocheon	서천왕 西川王, 西襄王	Yangno 약로 藥盧, Yagu 약우 若友	270-292
14	Bongsang	봉상왕 烽上太王, 鴙葛王	Sangbu 상부 相夫, Sapsiru 삽시루 插矢婁	292-300
15	Micheon	미천왕 美川太王, 好攘王	Eulbul 을불 乙弗, Ubul 우불 憂拂	300-331
16	Gogugwon	고국원왕 故國原王	Sayu 사유 斯由, Yu 유 劉, Soe 쇠 釗	331-371
17	Sosurim	소수림왕 小獸林王	Gubu 구부 丘夫	371-384
18	Gogugyang	고국양왕 故國攘王	Yiryeon 이련 伊連, Eojiji 어지지 於只支	384-391
19	Gwanggaeto the Great	국강상광개토경평안호태왕 國彊上廣開土境平安好太王	Damdeok 담덕 談德, An 안 安	391-413
Pyongyang line
20	Jangsu	장수태왕 長壽太王	Georyeon 거련 巨連, Goryeon 고련 高璉	413-490
21	Munjamyeong	문자명왕 文咨明王	Na-un 나운 羅雲, Go-un 고운 高雲	491-519
22	Anjang	안장왕 安藏王	Heung-an 흥안 興安, Go-an 고안 高安	519-531
23	Anwon	안원왕 安原王	Bojeong 보정 寶廷, Gojeong 고정 高廷	531-545
24	Yangwon	양원왕 陽原王, 陽崗上王	Pyeongseong 평성 平成	545-559
25	Pyeongwon	평원왕 平原王	Yangseong 양성 陽成, Tang 탕 湯, Goyang 고양 高陽	559-590
26	Yeongyang	영양왕 嬰陽王, 평양왕 平陽王	Go Won 고원 高元, Daewon 대원 大元	590-618
27	Yeongnyu	영류왕 營留王	Go Geonmu 고건무 高建武, Seong 성 成, Gomu 고무 高武	618-642
28	Bojang	보장왕 寶藏王	Go Jang 고장 高藏, Bojang 보장 寶藏	642-668

Notes: [1] Some of Goguryeo's own records of individual kings, especially of the 19th (Gwanggaeto), use the title "Taewang" or "Hotaewang", roughly meaning Greatest King or Very Greatest King. Some argue that the title should be translated as "Emperor," equivalent of the Chinese title 皇帝, but this is not widely accepted. The most complete and oldest existing Korean history text, the Samguk Sagi and the Samguk Yusa, written centuries after Goguryeo was defeated, uses the title "Wang", meaning King.

[2] The king names generally derive from the location of the king's burial, and do not necessarily correspond to the Chinese concept of 諡號.

[3] Goguryeo kings had the surname Go, except for the second (Yuri) through fifth (Mobon), whose surnames are recorded as Hae. All of the kings are recorded to belong to the same patrilineal bloodline. It is not clear whether the two surnames are different transcription of the same name, or evidence of a power struggle.

[4] The Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa, and sometimes other records mention "other names," "birth names," "childhood names," or "personal names."

[5] The Legendary line names and dates are from the Samguk Sagi. The Wei shu (History of the Wei dynasty) gives the following names: 朱蒙 Jumong, 閭達 Yeodal, 始閭諧 Shiryeohae, 如栗 Yeoyul, and 莫來 Mangnae. The legendary line had already been formed with some variants in the early 5th century when king Jangsu built a monument for his father and Goguryeo made contact with the Northern Wei. The inscription of that monument gives these names: 鄒牟 Chumo, 儒留 Yuryu, and 大朱留 Daejuryu. The connections between those names are not clear.

Sources: http://kdaq.empas.com/koreandb/history/koreanking/html/person/koguryeo_king.html (The Academy of Korean Studies) and http://enc.daum.net/dic100//topView.do (Korea Britannica Corp.)

Bodeok

The Kingdom of Bodeok (668-683) was a Goguryeo revival movement led by General Geom Mojam, and Prince Anseung, who was a grandson of Bojang Taewang. This kingdom allied itself with Later Silla, and fought to remove all Tang armies and authority out of the Korean Peninsula. The Kingdom of Goguryeo fell when Anseung ordered the assassination of Geom Mojam. After this event, Anseung and the remainder of the revival movement fled down to Silla, where Anseung was married to a Silla princess and given land near Iksan. Bodeok was the name given to Anseung's small kingdom near Iksan after the fall of the Goguryeo revival movement of Geom Mojam.

1. Anseung (안승) (668-683)

Baekje

Baekje (18 BC - AD 660) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Temple names were the same as personal names, unless noted otherwise.

#	Temple name	Hangul	Hanja	Period of reign	Personal name	Relationship	Note
1	Onjo	온조왕	溫祚王	18 BCE - 29 CE		founder	son of Dongmyeongseong of Goguryeo
2	Daru	다루왕	多婁王	29 - 77		first son of Onjo
3	Giru	기루왕	己婁王	77 - 128		first son of Daru
4	Gaeru	개루왕	蓋婁王	128 - 166		son of Giru
5	Chogo	초고왕	肖古王	166 - 214		son of Gaeru	also Sogo (소고왕, 素古王)
6	Gusu	구수왕	仇首王	214 - 234		first son of Chogo	also Guisu (귀수왕, 貴須王)
7	Saban	사반왕	沙泮王	234		first son of Gusu	also Sai (사이왕, 沙伊王)
8	Goi	고이왕	古爾王	234 - 286		second son of Gaeru	also Gui (구이군, 久爾君)
9	Chaekgye	책계왕	責稽王	286 - 298		son of Goi	also Cheonggye (청계왕, 靑稽王)
10	Bunseo	분서왕	汾西王	298 - 304		first son of Chaekgye
11	Biryu	비류왕	比流王	304 - 344		second son of Gusu
12	Gye	계왕	契王	344 - 346		first son of Bunseo
13	Geunchogo	근초고왕	近肖古王	346 - 375		second son of Biryu	also Chogo (초고왕, 肖古王) or Sokgo (속고왕, 速古王)
14	Geun-gusu	근구수왕	近仇首王	375 - 384		son of Geunchogo	also Guisu (귀수왕, 貴首王)
15	Chimnyu	침류왕	枕流王	384 - 385		first son of Geungusu
16	Jinsa	진사왕	辰斯王	385 - 392		younger brother of Chimnyu	also Buyeohui (부여휘, 扶餘暉)
17	Asin	아신왕	阿莘王	392 - 405		cousin of Jinsa; first son of Chimnyu	also Aha (아화왕, 阿華王)
18	Jeonji	전지왕	腆支王	405 - 420		first son of Asin	also Jikji (직지왕, 直支王) or Jinji (진지왕, 眞支王)
19	Gu-isin	구이신왕	久爾辛王	420 - 427		first son of Jeonji
20	Biyu	비유왕	毗有王	427 - 454		first son of Guisin	also Yeobi (여비, 餘毗)
21	Gaero	개로왕	蓋鹵王	454 - 475	Gyeongsa (경사, 慶司) or Gyeong (경, 慶)	first son of Biyu	also Yeogyeong (여경, 餘慶)
22	Munju	문주왕	文周王	475 - 477	Modo (모도, 牟都) or Do (도, 都)	son of Gaero
23	Samgeun	삼근왕	三斤王	477 - 479	Samgeun (삼근, 三斤), Imgeol (임걸, 壬乞) or Samgeol (삼걸, 三乞)	first son of Munju	also Mun-geun (문근왕, 文斤王)
24	Dongseong	동성왕	東城王	479 - 501	Modae (모대, 牟大) or Mamo (마모, 摩牟)	cousin of Samgeum
25	Muryeong	무령왕	武寧王	501 - 523	Sama (사마, 斯麻 or 斯摩) or Yung (융, 隆)	second son of Dongseong	also Sama (사마왕, 斯麻王), Do (도왕, 嶋王), or Horyeong (호령왕, 虎寧王)
26	Seong	성왕	聖王	523 - 554	Myeong (명, 明)	son of Muryeong	also Myeong (명왕, 明王) or Seongmyeong (성명왕, 聖明王)
27	Wideok	위덕왕	威德王	554 - 598	Chang (창, 昌)	first son of Seong	also Chang (창왕, 昌王)
28	Hye	혜왕	惠王	598 - 599	Gye (계, 季)	younger brother of Wideok	also Heon (헌왕, 獻王)
29	Beop	법왕	法王	599 - 600	Seon (선, 宣) or Hyosun (효순, 孝順)	first son of Hye
30	Mu	무왕	武王	600 - 641	personal name Jang (장, 璋) or Seodong (서동, 薯童)	youngest son of Wideok	also Mugang (무강왕, 武康王) or Mugwang (무광왕,武廣王)
31	Uija	의자왕	義慈王	641 - 660		first son of Mu

• Source: [1]

Baekje Revival Movement

After the fall of Baekje in 660, several loyal Baekje generals gathered like-minded people and began organizing revival movements of their country. The most prominent among these revival movement leaders were General Heukchi Sangji, and General Boksin. These two generals worked together, and later decided that the new kingdom would need a ruler, and brought Prince Buyeo Pung from the Yamato Kingdom. The revival movement resulted in failure due to mistrust and infighting.

1. Pungjang of Baekje (부여풍) (r.661-663)

Silla

Silla (57 BC - 935 CE) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the early years, Silla was ruled by the Pak, Seok, and Kim families. Rulers of Silla had various titles, including Isageum, Maripgan, and Daewang. Like some Baekje kings, some declared themselves emperor.

1. Hyeokgeose Geoseogan 혁거세 거서간 (57 BCE–4 CE)
2. Namhae Chachaung 남해 차차웅 (4–24)
3. Yuri Yisageum (24–57) 유리이사금 儒理尼師今 (Kings Yuri to Heurhae bore the Korean title Isageum, an old word for "ruler")
4. Talhae Isageum 탈해이사금 脫解尼師今 (57–80)
5. Pasa Isageum 파사이사금 婆娑尼師今 (80–112)
6. Jima Isageum 지마이사금 祗摩尼師今 (112–134)
7. Ilseong Isageum 일성이사금 逸聖尼師今 (134–154)
8. Adalla Isageum 아달라이사금 阿達羅尼師今 (154–184)
9. Beolhyu Isageum 벌휴이사금 伐休尼師今 (184–196)
10. Naehae Isageum 내해이사금 奈解尼師今 (196–230)
11. Jobun Isageum 조분이사금 助賁尼師今 (230–247)
12. Cheomhae Isageum 첨해이사금 沾解尼師今 (247–261)
13. Michu Isageum 미추이사금 味鄒尼師今 (262–284)
14. Yurye Isageum 유례이사금 儒禮尼師今 (284–298)
15. Girim Isageum 기림이사금 基臨尼師今 (298–310)
16. Heulhae Isageum 흘해이사금 訖解尼師今 (310–356)
17. Naemul Maripgan 내물마립간 奈勿麻立干 (356–402) (Kings Naemul to Soji bore the Korean title Maripgan, an old word for "ruler")
18. Silseong Maripgan 실성마립간 實聖麻立干 (402–417)
19. Nulji Maripgan 눌지마립간 訥祗麻立干 (417–458)
20. Jabi Maripgan 자비마립간 慈悲麻立干 (458–479)
21. Soji Maripgan 소지마립간 炤智麻立干 (479–500)
22. King Jijeung 지증왕 智證王 (500–514) (Kings Jijeung to Gyeongsun bore the title Wang (the modern Korean word for "king"), with the exceptions noted below)
23. King Beopheung the Great 법흥태왕 法興太王 (514–540) ("King Beopheung the Great" is a translation of Beopheung Taewang, "Taewang" meaning "great king")
24. King Jinheung the Great 진흥태왕 眞興太王 (540–576) ("King Jinheung the Great" is a translation of Jinheung Taewang, "Taewang" meaning "great king")
25. King Jinji 진지왕 眞智王 (576–579)
26. King Jinpyeong 진평왕 眞平王 (579–632)
27. Queen Seondeok 선덕왕 善德王 (632–647)
28. Queen Jindeok 진덕왕 眞德王 (647–654)
29. King Muyeol the Great 태종무열왕 太宗武烈王 (654–661) ("King Muyeol the Great" is a translation of Muyeol Daewang, "Daewang" meaning "great king")

Later Silla

1. King Munmu 문무대왕 文武大王 (661–681)
2. King Sinmun 신문왕 神文王 (681–691)
3. King Hyoso 효소왕 孝昭王 (692–702)
4. King Seongdeok the Great 성덕대왕 聖德大王 (702–737) ("King Seongdeok the Great" is a translation of Seongdeok Daewang, "Daewang" meaning "great king")
5. King Hyoseong 효성왕 孝成王 (737–742)
6. King Gyeongdeok 경덕왕 景德王 (742–765)
7. King Hyegong 혜공왕 惠恭王 (765–780)
8. King Seondeok 선덕왕 宣德王 (780–785)
9. King Wonseong 원성왕 元聖王 (785–798)
10. King Soseong 소성왕 昭聖王 (798–800)
11. King Aejang 애장왕 哀莊王 (800–809)
12. King Heondeok 헌덕왕 憲德王 (809-826)
13. King Heungdeok 흥덕왕 興德王 (826–836)
14. King Huigang 희강왕 僖康王 (836–838)
15. King Minae 민애왕 閔哀王 (838–839)
16. King Sinmu 신무왕 神武王 (839)
17. King Munseong 문성왕 文聖王 (839–857)
18. King Heonan 헌안왕 憲安王 (857–861)
19. King Gyeongmun 경문왕 景文王 (861–875)
20. King Heongang 헌강왕 憲康王 (875–886)
21. King Jeonggang 정강왕 定康王 (886–887)
22. Queen Jinseong 진성왕 眞聖王 (887–897)
23. King Hyogong 효공왕 孝恭王 (897–912)
24. King Sindeok 신덕왕 神德王 (913–917)
25. King Gyeongmyeong 경명왕 景明王 (917–924)
26. King Gyeongae 경애왕 景哀王 (924–927)
27. King Gyeongsun 경순왕 敬順王 (927–935)

Gaya confederacy

The Gaya confederacy (42-532) consisted of several small statelets. All rulers of Gaya bore the title Wang ("King").

Geumgwan Gaya

This list is of the Kim Dynasty of Geumgwan Gaya (42-532).

#	Temple name	Hangul	Hanja	Period of reign
1	Suro of Geumgwan Gaya	수로왕	首露王	(42-199)
2	Geodeung of Geumgwan Gaya	거등왕	居登王	(199-259)
3	Mapum of Geumgwan Gaya	마품왕	麻品王	(259-291)
4	Geojilmi of Geumgwan Gaya	거질미왕	居叱彌王	(291-346)
5	Isipum of Geumgwan Gaya	이시품왕	伊尸品王	(346-407)
6	Jwaji of Geumgwan Gaya	좌지왕	坐知王	(407-421)
7	Chwihui of Geumgwan Gaya	취희왕	吹希王	(421-451)
8	Jilji of Geumgwan Gaya	질지왕	銍知王	(451-492)
9	Gyeomji of Geumgwan Gaya	겸지왕	鉗知王	(492-521)
10	Guhyeong of Geumgwan Gaya	구형왕	仇衡王	(521-532)

Daegaya

Only four of the sixteen kings of Daegaya (42 - 562) are known by name.

1. King Ijinashi of Daegaya 이진아시왕, also known as Naejinjuji 내진주지 or Noejiljuil 뇌질주일

9. King Inoe of Daegaya 이뇌왕, 8th generation descendant of Yi Jinashi

?. King Haji of Daegaya 하지왕, generation unknown; possibly also known as King Gasil [2]; sent emissary to 南齊 China in 479, joined Baekje to aid Silla from Goguryeo attack in 481 [3] [4]

16. King Doseolji of Daegaya 도설지왕, submitted to Silla

Balhae

Balhae (669-926) followed Goguryeo in the northern territories when Silla unified most of the Korean peninsula. The founder called the state Jin, claiming to be the successor to Goguryeo, but it became known as Balhae (Pohai in Chinese) after establishing relations with China.

#	Personal name		Period of reign	Era name (年號)		Posthumous name (諡號)
	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja		Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
0	Dae Jung-Sang	대중상 大仲象	669–699	Junggwang	중광 重光	Sejo	열왕 烈王
1	Dae Joyeong	대조영 大祚榮	699–718	Cheontong	천통 天統	Go	고왕 高王
2	Dae Muye	대무예 大武藝	718–737	Inan	인안 仁安	Mu	무왕 武王
3	Dae Heummu	대흠무 大欽茂	737–793	Daeheung *	대흥 大興 *	Mun	문왕 文王
4	Dae Won-ui	대원의 大元義	793–794	None	None	None	None
5	Dae Hwa-yeo	대화여 大華與	794	Jungheung	중흥 中興	Seong	성왕 成王
6	Dae Sung-rin	대숭린 大嵩璘	794–808	Jeongryeok	정력 正曆	Gang	강왕 康王
7	Dae Won-yu	대원유 大元瑜	808–812	Yeongdeok	영덕 永德	Jeong	정왕 定王
8	Dae Eon-ui	대언의 大言義	812–817?	Jujak	주작 朱雀	Hui	희왕 僖王
9	Dae Myeongchung	대명충 大明忠	817?–818?	Taesi	태시 太始	Gan	간왕 簡王
10	Dae Insu	대인수 大仁秀	818?–830	Geonheung	건흥 建興	Seon	선왕 宣王
11	Dae Ijin	대이진 大彝震	830–857	Hamhwa	함화 咸和	unknown	unknown
12	Dae Geonhwang	대건황 大虔晃	857–871	unknown	unknown	unknown	unknown
13	Dae Hyeonseok	대현석 大玄錫	871–895	unknown	unknown	Gyeong	경왕 景王
14	Dae Wihae	대위해 大瑋瑎	895–906	None	None	None	None
15	Dae Inseon	대인선 大諲譔	906–926	unknown	unknown	Ae	애왕 哀王

Later Balhae

See also: Dae Gwang-hyeon

Later Balhae (927 - 935?, 1003?, 1007?, 1114?), was the first of many major successor states of Balhae, founded by the Dae clan at Holhanseong, the former capital of Balhae. The Dae, Yeol, and Oh clans ruled Later Balhae. The Dae clan ruled the kingdom until records show that General Yeol Manhwa took control of the government, and changed the state-name to Jeong-an.

• Dae clan (? - ?)

Jeong-an Kingdom

Jeong-an Kingdom (935? or 938? - 985?), was a successor state of Balhae, founded by Yeol Manhwa. Political revolts between the Oh and Yeol clans rose up. The Oh clan rose victorious and Oh Hyeon-Myeong became the ruler of the kingdom until its fall in 985 CE.

1. Yeol Manhwa (935 CE? - ?)
2. Oh Hyeon-Myeong (976 CE - 985 CE)

Heung-yo Kingdom

Heung-yo Kingdom (1029 - 1030) was brief successor-state of Balhae that was founded by Dae Yeon-rim. Dae Yeon-rim was a Liao general directly descended from Dae Joyeong, the founder of Balhae. Heung-yo rose from the western region of the former territories of Balhae, and fell when a general opened the gates to the invading Liao army in 1030.

1. Dae Yeon-rim (1029 CE - 1030 CE)

Daewon Kingdom

Daewon Kingdom (1116) was brief successor-state of Balhae that was founded by Go Yeong-chang.

1. Go Yeong-chang (1116 CE)

Je

The State of Je (765-819), also known as Chi-Chung, was founded by General Yi Jeonggi, a Tang general and son of a Goguryeo captive. Yi Jeonggi took advantage of the Tang Empire's pre-occupation with the An Lushan Rebellion, and established the kingdom of Chi-Chung, later called Je, claiming it a successor-state of Goguryeo. Chi-Chung took control of the Shandong Peninsula, and regions surrounding it. In this way, the kingdom posed a grave threat to the Tang Empire. After four generations, the Kingdom of Chi-Chung fell to a Tang-Silla alliance army. Before its destruction, Chi-Chung was said to have had a unique system of administration that combined both Goguryeo and Tang elements of government. It was also said to have had heavy influence in commerce and trading in East Asia.

1. Yi Jeonggi (Hangul : 이정기 Hanja/Hanzi :李正己/李定己) 765CE - 781CE
2. Yi Nab (Hangul : 이납 Hanja/Hanzi :李納) 781CE - 793 CE
3. Yi Sago (Hangul : 이사고 Hanja/Hanzi :李師古) 793CE - 807CE
4. Yi Sado (Hangul : 이사도 Hanja/Hanzi :李師道) 807CE - 819 CE

Later Baekje

Hubaekje (900-936) was founded by Gyeon Hwon, who was a general during Later Silla's period of decline. Gyeon Hwon was known among the people as a hero, and a patriot. When General Gyeon Hwon started a rebellion, many people followed, and assisted in his establishing of a new kingdom. Peace did not last as Gung-ye established Hugoguryeo in the north. Thus began the Later Three Kingdoms period. Hubaekje met its downfall at the hands of Gyeon Hwon himself, who later led the Goryeo armies alongside Emperor Wang Geon to capture Singeom, the prince of Hubaekje, who had betrayed Gyeon Hwon. Singeom was one of Gyeon Hwon's sons who had not been chosen as his successor. Accordingly, he had stood against his father, kidnapped him, and imprisoned him in a temple. Yet, Gyeon Hwon managed to escape and placed himself under Wang Geon. Even after all that conflicts between him and Gyeon Hwon, Wang Geon, who was younger than Gyeon Hwon, treated Gyeon Hwon well and considered him to be "Sangbu 상부", which literally means "my revered father."

1. Gyeon Hwon (견훤) (r.900-935)
2. Singeom (신검) (r.935-936)

Later Goguryeo

Later Goguryeo (901-918), also known as Ma-jin or Taebong, was established by Gung-ye, an outcast prince of Silla. Gung-Ye joined General Yang-Gil's rebellion, and rose through the ranks. He eventually assassinated Yang-Gil and established a new kingdom, naming it Later Goguryeo. Gung-Ye turned out to be a tyrant, and was overthrown by his generals, opening the way for General Wang Geon, who established Goryeo.

1. Gung-ye (궁예) (r.901-918)

Goryeo

Goryeo (918-1392) was ruled by the Wang Dynasty. The first ruler had the temple name Taejo, which means "great progenitor", and was applied to the first kings of both Goryeo and Joseon, as they were also the founders of the Wang and Yi Dynasties respectively. Starting with Gwangjong, rulers of Goryeo styled themselves emperors, with the first three rulers elevated to that title posthumously. With the Mongol conquest, however, the title of the ruler was demoted to a king, or "Wang."

The next twenty-three emperors (until Wonjong) are also referred to by their temple names, ending in jong. Beginning with Chungnyeol (the twenty-fifth king), all the remaining kings of Goryeo had the title Wang ("King") as part of their temple names. Era names are in bracket where available

#	Personal name		Period of reign	Courtesy Name (C)/ Mongol name (M) / Pseudonym (Ps)		Temple name (廟號) (T) / Posthumous name (諡號) (P)
	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja		Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1	Wang Geon	왕건 王建	918–943	Yakcheon (C)	약천 若天 (C)	Taejo	태조 太祖 (T)
2	Wang Mu	왕무 王武	943–945	Sunggeon (C)	승건 承乾 (C)	Hyejong	혜종 惠宗 (T)
3	Wang Yo	왕요 王堯	945–949	Cheoneui (C)	천의 (C)	Jeongjong	정종 定宗 (T)
4	Wang So	왕소 王昭	949–975	Ilhwa (C)	일화 日華 (C)	Gwangjong	광종 光宗 (T)
5	Wang Yu	왕유 王伷	975–981	Jangmin (C)	장민 長民 (C)	Gyeongjong	경종 景宗 (T)
6	Wang Chi	왕치 王治	981–997	Ongo (C)	온고 溫古 (C)	Seongjong	성종 成宗 (T)
7	Wang Song	왕송 王誦	997–1009	Hyosin (C)	효신 孝伸 (C)	Mokjong	목종 穆宗 (T)
8	Wang Sun	왕순 王詢	1009–1031	Anse (C)	안세 安世 (C)	Hyeonjong	현종 顯宗 (T)
9	Wang Heum	왕흠 王欽	1031–1034	Wonryang (C)	원량 元良 (C)	Deokjong	덕종 德宗 (T)
10	Wang Hyeong	왕형 王亨	1034–1046	Sinjo (C)	신조 申照 (C)	Jeongjong	정종 靖宗 (T)
11	Wang Hwi	왕휘 王徽	1046–1083	Chokyu (C)	촉유 燭幽 (C)	Munjong	문종 文宗 (T)
12	Wang Hun	왕훈 王勳	1083	Euigong (C)	의공 義恭 (C)	Sunjong	순종 順宗 (T)
13	Wang Un	왕운 王運	1083–1094	Gyecheon (C)	계천 繼天 (C)	Seonjong	선종 宣宗 (T)
14	Wang Uk	왕욱 王昱	1094–1095			Heonjong	헌종 獻宗 (T)
15	Wang Hee	왕희 王熙	1095–1105	Cheonsang (C)	천상 天常 (C)	Sukjong	숙종 肅宗 (T)
16	Wang U	왕우 王俁	1105–1122	Semin (C)	세민 世民 (C)	Yejong	예종 睿宗 (T)
17	Wang Hae	왕해 王楷	1122–1146	Inpyo (C)	인표 仁表 (C)	Injong	인종 仁宗 (T)
18	Wang Hyeon	왕현 王晛	1146–1170	Ilsung (C)	일승 日升 (C)	Uijong	의종 毅宗 (T)
19	Wang Ho	왕호 王皓	1170–1197	Jidan (C)	지단 之旦 (C)	Myeongjong	명종 明宗 (T)
20	Wang Tak	왕탁 王晫	1197–1204	Jihwa (C)	지화 至華 (C)	Sinjong	신종 神宗 (T)
21	Wang Yeong	왕영 王韺	1204–1211	Bulpi (C)	불피 不陂 (C)	Huijong	희종 熙宗 (T)
22	Wang O	왕오/왕숙/왕정 王晶/王璹/王貞	1211–1213	Daehwa (C)	대화 大華 (C)	Gangjong	강종 康宗 (T)
23	Wang Cheol	왕철 王澈	1213–1259	Cheonu (C)	천우 天祐 (C)	Gojong	고종 高宗 (T)
24	Wang Sik	왕식 王倎	1259–1274	Ilsin (C)	일신 日新 (C)	Wonjong	원종 元宗 (T)
25	Wang Geo	왕거 王椹	1274–1308			Chungnyeol	충렬왕 忠烈王 (P)
26	Wang Jang	왕장 王璋	1308–1313	Jungang (C)	중앙 仲昻 (C)	Chungseon	충선왕 忠宣王 (P)
27	Wang Man	왕만 王燾	1313–1330 1332–1339	Euihyo (C)	의효 (C)	Chungsuk	충숙왕 忠肅王 (P)
28	Wang Jeong	왕정 王禎	1330–1332 1339–1344	Botapsilli (M)	보탑실리 普塔失里 (M)	Chunghye	충혜왕 忠惠王 (P)
29	Wang Heun	왕흔 王昕	1344–1348	Palsamanaeisa(M)	팔사마타아지 八思麻朶兒只 (M)	Chungmok	충목왕 忠穆王 (P)
30	Wang Jeo	왕저 王蚳	1348–1351	Misagamtaaji (M)	미사감타아지 迷思監朶兒只 (M)	Chungjeong	충정왕 忠靖王 (P)
31	Wang Jeon	왕전 王祺	1351–1374	Ijae / Ikdang (Ps)	빠이엔티무르 伯顔帖木兒 (M) 이재 /익당 (Ps)	Gongmin	공민왕 恭愍王 (P)
32	Wang U	왕우 王禑	1374–1388			U	우왕 禑王 (P)
33	Wang Chang	왕창 王昌	1388–1389			Chang	창왕 昌王 (P)
34	Wang Yo	왕요 王瑤	1389–1392			Gongyang	공양왕 恭讓王 (P)

Joseon

Joseon (1392–1897) followed Goryeo. In 1897, when Joseon became the Korean Empire, some of the Joseon kings were posthumously raised to the rank of emperors.

Joseon monarchs had temple names ending in jo or jong. Jo was given to the first kings/emperors of new lines within the dynasty, with the first king/emperor having the special name (Taejo), which means "great progenitor" (see also Goryeo). Jong was given to all other kings/emperors.

Two kings, Yeonsangun and Gwanghaegun, were not given temple names after their reigns ended.

Each monarch had a posthumous name that included either the title Wang ("King"), Hwangje ("Emperor"), Daewang ("King X the Great"), or Daeje ("Emperor X the Great"). For the sake of consistency, the title "King/Emperor" has been added to each monarch's temple name in the list below.

#	Personal name		Period of reign	Courtesy Name (C)/ Pseudonym (Ps)		Temple name (廟號) (T) / Posthumous name (諡號) (P)
	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja		Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1	Yi Seong gye	이성계 李成桂	1392–1398	Junggyeol (C)	중결 仲潔 (C)	Taejo	태조 太祖 (T)
2	Yi Bang-gwa	이방과 李芳果	1398–1400	Gwangwon (C)	광원 光遠 (C)	Jeongjong	정종 定宗 (T)
3	Yi Bang won	이방원 李芳遠	1400–1418	Yudeok (C)	유덕 遺德(C)	Taejong	태종 太宗(T)
4	Yi Do	이도 李祹	1418–1450	Wonjeong (C)	원정 元正 (C)	Sejong the Great	세종 世宗(T)
5	Yi Hyang	이향 李珦	1450–1452	Hwiji (C)	휘지 輝之(C)	Munjong	문종 文宗 (T)
6	Yi Hong wi	이홍위 李弘緯	1452–1455			Danjong	단종 端宗 (T)
7	Yi Yu	이유 李瑈	1455–1468	Suji (C)	수지 粹之 (C)	Sejo	세조 世祖 (T)
8	Yi Gwang	이광 李晄	1468–1469	Myungjo/Pyeongnam (C)	명조/평남 明照/平南 (C)	Yejong	예종 睿宗 (T)
9	Yi Hyeol	이혈 李娎	1469–1494		(C)	Seongjong	성종 成宗(T)
10	Yi Yung	이융 李隆	1494–1506		(C)	Yeonsangun	연산군 燕山君
11	Yi Yeok	이역 李懌	1506–1544	Nakcheon (C)	낙천 樂天 (C)	Jungjong	중종 中宗 (T)
12	Yi Ho	이호 李峼	1544–1545	Cheonyun (C)	천윤 天胤 (C)	Injong	인종 仁宗 (T)
13	Yi Hwan	이환 李峘	1545–1567	Daeyang (C)	대양 對陽 (C)	Myeongjong	명종 明宗 (T)
14	Yi Yeon	이연 李蚣	1567–1608			Seonjo	선조 宣祖 (T)
15	Yi Hon	이혼 李琿	1608–1623		(C)	Gwanghaegun	광해군 光海君
16	Yi Jong	이종 李倧	1623–1649	Hwabaek (C)	화백 和伯(C)	Injo	인조 仁祖 (T)
17	Yi Ho	이호 李淏	1649–1659	Jeongyeon (C) Juko (Ps)	정연/靜淵 (C) 죽오/竹梧 (Ps)	Hyojong	효종 孝宗(T)
18	Yi Yeon	이연 李棩	1659–1674	Gyungjik (C)	경직 景直 (C)	Hyeonjong	현종 顯宗 (T)
19	Yi Sun	이순 李焞	1674–1720	Myungbo (C)	명보 明普 (C)	Sukjong	숙종 (T)
20	Yi Yun	이윤 李昀	1720–1724	Hwiseo (C)	휘서 輝瑞 (C)	Gyeongjong	경종 (T)
21	Yi Geum	이금 李昑	1724–1776	Gwangsuk (C) Yangseongheon (Ps)	광숙/光叔 (C) 양성헌/養性軒 (Ps)	Yeongjo	영조 英祖 (T)
22	Yi San	이산 李祘	1776–1800	Hyeongun (C) Hongjae (Ps)	형운/亨運 (C) 홍재/弘齋 (Ps)	Jeongjo	정조 正祖 (T)
23	Yi Gong	이공 李蚣	1800–1834	Gongbo (C) Sunjae (Ps)	공보/公寶(C) 순재/純齋 (Ps)	Sunjo	순조 純祖 (T)
24	Yi Hwan	이환 李奐	1834–1849	Muneung (C) Wonheon (Ps)	문응/文應 (C) 원헌/元軒 (Ps)	Heonjong	헌종 憲宗 (T)
25	Yi Byeon	이변 李昪	1849–1863	Dosung (C) Daeyongjae (Ps)	도승/道升(C) 대용재/大勇齋(Ps)	Cheoljong	철종 哲宗 (T)
26	Yi Myeong bok	이명복 李命福	1863–1897 (1907)*	Seongrim (C) Juyeon (Ps)	성림/聖臨(C) 주연/珠淵 (Ps)	Gojong	고종 高宗 (T)
27	Yi Cheok	이척 李拓	(1907–1910)*	Gunbang (C) Jeongheon (Ps)	군방/君邦(C) 정헌/正軒 (Ps)	Sunjong	순종 純宗 (T)

• see Korean Empire section

Korean Empire

The Korean Empire (1897-1910) was declared to indicate the end of the tributary relationship with China. Technically, the emperors should be referred to by their era names rather than their temple names, but the latter are commonly used.

#	Personal name		Period of reign	Korean era name		Temple name (廟號)
	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja		Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1	Yi Myeong bok	이명복 李命福	1897–1907	Gwangmu	광무 光武	Gojong	고종 (T)
2	Yi Cheok	이척 李拓	1907–1910	Yungheui	융희 隆熙	Sunjong	순종 (T)

See also

• Korea under Japanese rule, Governor-General of Korea
• Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (1919 - 1948)
• Korean Imperial Household
• North Korea (1948 - present), List of Presidents of North Korea
• South Korea (1948 - present), President of South Korea

References

• Yoon, N.-H.(윤내현), The Location and Transfer of GO-CHOSUN's Capital(고조선의 도읍 위치와 그 이동), 단군학연구, 7, 207 - 238 (2002)
• Byeon Tae-seop (변태섭) (1999). 韓國史通論 (Hanguksa tongnon) (Outline of Korean history), 4th ed. ISBN 89-445-9101-6.
• Cumings, Bruce (1997). Korea's place in the sun. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-31681-5. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
• Kim, Jung Bae (1997). "Formation of the ethnic Korean nation and the emergence of its ancient kingdom states". Korean history: Discovery of its characteristics and developments. Seoul: Hollym. pp. 27–36. ISBN 1-56591-177-6.
• Nahm, Andrew C. (1988). Korea: Tradition and Transformation — A History of the Korean People. Hollym International. ISBN 0-930878-56-6.
• http://www.rootsinfo.co.kr/index_sub02.html (in Korean only)
• http://www.rulers.org