Lists of political office-holders in Transylvania: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Wappen Großfürstentum Siebenbürgen.png|thumb|right|240px| |
[[File:Wappen Großfürstentum Siebenbürgen.png|thumb|right|240px|''The [[coat of arms]] of the Grand Principality of Transylvania'' (from a 19th century rendering). The Grand Principality's distinctive [[crown]], of two arching bands, was reserved exclusively for use by the ''Grand Princes of Transylvania'' and the ''Princely Counts of the Grand Principality of Transylvania''. This crown was personally designed by [[Maria Theresa of Austria]] just for the Grand Principality of Transylvania and has no precedent in form. ]] |
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List of rulers of '''[[Transylvania]]''', from the first mention of a ruler in the |
List of rulers of '''[[Transylvania]]''', from the first mention of a ruler in the [[10th century]], until the dissolution of the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]] in [[1919]]. |
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== Overview == |
== Overview == |
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The administration of the eastern parts of the Hungarian Kingdom referred as ''Partes Transsylvana'' was |
The administration of the eastern parts of the Hungarian Kingdom, referred to as the ''Partes Transsylvana'', was the responsibility of a voivod appointed by the King. The word [[voivod]] or [[voievod]] first appeared within historical documents in 1193. Prior to that, the term ispán was used for the chief official of the County of Alba. The territory of Transylvania came under the jurisdiction of the voievod after 1263, when the functions of the [[Count]] of Szolnok (Doboka) and the Count of Alba were terminated. |
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The Voivode of Transylvania ( |
The Voivode of Transylvania (''Woyuoda Transsiluanus'') was one of the [[baron]]s of the kingdom. The voivode was, in effect, a territorial governor or [[viceroy]] appointed by the Hungarian crown. He was also the chief magistrate and military commander of Transylvania's seven counties, except for some of the administrative units- such as the free royal cities, Universitas Saxorum and Szekelyland. This power inevitably drew the [[Székely]] and [[Saxon]] territories into the voivode's sphere of influence. However, these territories were still governed by noble counts who were nominally independent of the voivode. |
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In the 16th century, the conflict between [[Habsburg]]s and the [[Ottoman Empire]] allowed Transylvania to gain a |
In the 16th century, the conflict between the [[Habsburg]]s and the [[Ottoman Empire]] allowed Transylvania to gain a degree of indepedence until it was finally integrated into the [[Habsburg Monarchy]] circa 1700. The [[Emperor of Austria|Habsburg rulers]] continued to use the title ''Prince of Transylvania'' (and later ''Grand Prince of Transylvania'') as part of [[Emperor of Austria#Full title|their official title]] until the end of the Habsburg monarchy. But the proclamation of Transylvania as a Grand Principality was a mere formality<ref>http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/hunyadi/hu03.htm</ref> <ref>http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Grand+Principality+of+Transylvania</ref>, and Transylvania would again become part of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] at the end of the 17th century <ref>http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/603323/Transylvania</ref> <ref>http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Grand+Principality+of+Transylvania</ref>. Within the Habsburg-controlled Kingdom of Hungary, there was a separate administrative direction for Hungary and Transylvania, and the territory was also overseen by appointed [[governor]]s until 1867, , when it was dissolved as an administrative unit in the wake of the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] [[Ausgleich]] of 1867 and integrated into Hungary. |
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In 1867, Austria and Hungary finalized negotiations over the territory of the Grand Principality of Transylvania with the [[Ausgleich]]. A success for the [[House of Habsburg-Lorraine]] was in part due to the diplomatic efforts of nobleman Giovanni Battista Barbaro, a ''Patrician of Venice'' of the line of Alessandro Barbaro (1764-1839), who was a member of Venice's [[Council of Ten]] and owner of the [[Barbaro family]]'s [[Palazzo Dario]] and Palazzo Barbaro of the St. Vitus (San Vito) quarter on the [[Grand Canal (Venice)|Grand Canal]], both palaces within the ecclesiastical district of St. Sebastian of [[Dorsoduro]].<ref>[[http://instapedia.com/m/Alessandro_Barbaro]]</ref><ref>Venice & the Veneto by DK Travel Guides, pp.123-135</ref> An award to the [[Albergo]] branch of the Barbaro family fully elevated their line to the dignity of ''Princely Count of the Grand Principality of Transylvania'' ([[graf|Gefursteter Graf]], Conte Maschera) by an act of royal decree (decreto reale) and princely undersigning (sottodescritto) set forth by [[Emperor]] [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]], thereby allowing a Barbaro cadet branch to be attached to the Grand Principality of Transylvania with the [[Royal and noble styles|princely style]] of "HILLH" (''His [[Illustrious Highness]]''). This royal title followed from the line's pre-existing noble titles which included: ''Baron dell'Albergo'', within [[Catanzaro]], and ''Nobile Uomo'' at their Northern Italian Albergo at [[San Martino Buon Albergo]]. <ref>[[http://instapedia.com/m/Barbaro_family]],</ref> The Imperial branch also continued to use a Transylvanian title at this time, the ''Grand Prince of Transylvania'', even though the territory of the Grand Principality of Transylvania had already been restructured into [[Transleithania]], but done so by Franz Joseph I's own choosing, and thereby allowing both Transylvanian titles to still continue on perpetually, irregardless of the territory's restructuring. |
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At the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1919, Transylvania became part of the [[Kingdom of Romania]]. It was then divided between Romania and Hungary in [[1940]], but reverted back to Romania in [[1945]]. |
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== List == |
== List == |
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| Habsburg || [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]] || [[1711]]–[[1740]] ||governors:<br />* [[Stephen Haller]], [[1709]]-[[1710]]<br />* [[Wesselényi István]], [[1710]]-[[1713]]<br />* [[Sigismund Kornis]], [[1713]]-[[1731]]<br />* [[Wesselény István]], [[1731]]-[[1732]]<br />* [[Francisc Anton Wallis]], [[1732]]-[[1734]]<br />* [[John Haller]] [[1734]]-[[1755]] |
| Habsburg || [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]] || [[1711]]–[[1740]] ||governors:<br />* [[Stephen Haller]], [[1709]]-[[1710]]<br />* [[Wesselényi István]], [[1710]]-[[1713]]<br />* [[Sigismund Kornis]], [[1713]]-[[1731]]<br />* [[Wesselény István]], [[1731]]-[[1732]]<br />* [[Francisc Anton Wallis]], [[1732]]-[[1734]]<br />* [[John Haller]] [[1734]]-[[1755]] |
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| Habsburg || [[Maria |
| Habsburg || [[Maria Theresa of Austria]] || [[1740]]–[[1765]] ||governors:<br />* [[Francisc Venceslav Wallis]], [[1755]]-[[1758]]<br />* [[Ladislaus Kemény]], [[1758]]-[[1762]]<br />* [[Adolf Buccow]], [[1762]]-[[1764]] <br />* [[Hadik András]], [[1764]]-[[1765]] |
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|bgcolor=#DDEEFF colspan=4 |''The Principality is elevated to the '''Grand Principality of Transylvania''', with the Habsburg Grand Princes administering the country through governors.'' |
|bgcolor=#DDEEFF colspan=4 |''The Principality is elevated to the '''Grand Principality of Transylvania''', with the Habsburg Grand Princes administering the country through governors.'' |
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| Habsburg || [[Maria |
| Habsburg || [[Maria Theresa of Austria]] || [[1765]]–[[1780]] || governors:<br />* [[Andreas Hadik]] [[1765]]-[[1767]] <br />* [[Carol O'Donell]] [[1767]]-[[1770]] <br />* [[Joseph Maria von Auersperg]] [[1771]]-[[1774]] <br />* [[Samuel von Brukenthal]] [[1774]]-[[1775]], [[1776]]-[[1787]] |
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| [[Habsburg-Lorraine]] || [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]] || [[1780]]–[[1790]] || governors:<br />* [[Samuel von Brukenthal]] [[1774]]-[[1775]], [[1776]]-[[1787]]<br />* [[Bánffy György II]], [[1787]]-[[1822]] |
| [[Habsburg-Lorraine]] || [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]] || [[1780]]–[[1790]] || governors:<br />* [[Samuel von Brukenthal]] [[1774]]-[[1775]], [[1776]]-[[1787]]<br />* [[Bánffy György II]], [[1787]]-[[1822]] |
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| Habsburg-Lorraine || [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]] || [[1790]]–[[1792]] || governor: [[Bánffy György II]], [[1787]]-[[1822]] |
| Habsburg-Lorraine || [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]] || [[1790]]–[[1792]] || governor: [[Bánffy György II]], [[1787]]-[[1822]] |
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| Habsburg-Lorraine || [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis II]] || [[1792]]–[[1835]] || governors:<br />* [[George Bánffy II]], [[1787]]-[[1822]]<br />* [[Jósika János]] [[1822]]-[[1834]]<br />* [[Ferdinand d'Este]] [[1835]]-[[1837]] |
| Habsburg-Lorraine || [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis II]] || [[1792]]–[[1835]] || governors:<br />* [[George Bánffy II]], [[1787]]-[[1822]]<br />* [[Jósika János]] [[1822]]-[[1834]]<br />* [[Ferdinand d'Este]] [[1835]]-[[1837]] |
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| Habsburg-Lorraine || [[Ferdinand I of Austria|Ferdinand I]] || [[1835]]–[[1848]] ||* [[John Kornis]], [[1838]]-[[1840]]<br />* [[Teleki József]], [[1842]]-[[1848]] |
| Habsburg-Lorraine || [[Ferdinand I of Austria|Ferdinand I]] || [[1835]]–[[1848]] ||* [[John Kornis]], [[1838]]-[[1840]]<br />* [[Teleki József]], [[1842]]-[[1848]] |
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| Habsburg-Lorraine || [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz Joseph I]] || [[1848]]–[[1916]] ||governors:<br />* [[Ludwig Wohlgemuth]], [[1849]]-[[1851]]<br />* [[Karl B. |
| Habsburg-Lorraine || [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz Joseph I]] || [[1848]]–[[1916]] ||governors:<br />* [[Ludwig Wohlgemuth]], [[1849]]-[[1851]]<br />* [[Karl B. Schwarzenbeger]], [[1851]]-[[1858]]<br />* [[Friedrich von Liechtenstein]], [[1858]]-[[1861]]<br />* [[Mikó Imre]] [[1860]]-[[1861]]<br />* [[Ludwig Folliot of Crenneville]], [[1861]]-[[1867]]<br/>royal cadet branch: <br />* [[HILLH Count Giovanni Battista Barbaro, Patrician of Venice; Baron dell'Albergo]] |
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|bgcolor=#DDEEFF colspan=4 |''In the wake of the [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867]], the Hungarian government dissolved the Grand Principality and incorporated its territory into the Kingdom of Hungary. |
|bgcolor=#DDEEFF colspan=4 |''In the wake of the [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867]], the Hungarian government dissolved the Grand Principality of Transylvania and incorporated its territory into the Kingdom of Hungary. However, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine continued use of the titles: '''Grand Prince of Transylvania''' and '''Princely Count of the Grand Principality of Transylvania''' . |
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| Habsburg-Lorraine || [[Karl I of Austria|Karl I]] || [[1916]]–[[1918]] || |
| Habsburg-Lorraine || [[Karl I of Austria|Karl I]] || [[1916]]–[[1918]] ||royal cadet branch: <br />* [[HILLH Count Giambattista Valerianus Barbaro, Patrician of Venice; Baron dell'Albergo]] |
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Revision as of 18:49, 31 July 2009
List of rulers of Transylvania, from the first mention of a ruler in the 10th century, until the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1919.
Overview
The administration of the eastern parts of the Hungarian Kingdom, referred to as the Partes Transsylvana, was the responsibility of a voivod appointed by the King. The word voivod or voievod first appeared within historical documents in 1193. Prior to that, the term ispán was used for the chief official of the County of Alba. The territory of Transylvania came under the jurisdiction of the voievod after 1263, when the functions of the Count of Szolnok (Doboka) and the Count of Alba were terminated.
The Voivode of Transylvania (Woyuoda Transsiluanus) was one of the barons of the kingdom. The voivode was, in effect, a territorial governor or viceroy appointed by the Hungarian crown. He was also the chief magistrate and military commander of Transylvania's seven counties, except for some of the administrative units- such as the free royal cities, Universitas Saxorum and Szekelyland. This power inevitably drew the Székely and Saxon territories into the voivode's sphere of influence. However, these territories were still governed by noble counts who were nominally independent of the voivode.
In the 16th century, the conflict between the Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire allowed Transylvania to gain a degree of indepedence until it was finally integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy circa 1700. The Habsburg rulers continued to use the title Prince of Transylvania (and later Grand Prince of Transylvania) as part of their official title until the end of the Habsburg monarchy. But the proclamation of Transylvania as a Grand Principality was a mere formality[1] [2], and Transylvania would again become part of the Kingdom of Hungary at the end of the 17th century [3] [4]. Within the Habsburg-controlled Kingdom of Hungary, there was a separate administrative direction for Hungary and Transylvania, and the territory was also overseen by appointed governors until 1867, , when it was dissolved as an administrative unit in the wake of the Austro-Hungarian Ausgleich of 1867 and integrated into Hungary.
In 1867, Austria and Hungary finalized negotiations over the territory of the Grand Principality of Transylvania with the Ausgleich. A success for the House of Habsburg-Lorraine was in part due to the diplomatic efforts of nobleman Giovanni Battista Barbaro, a Patrician of Venice of the line of Alessandro Barbaro (1764-1839), who was a member of Venice's Council of Ten and owner of the Barbaro family's Palazzo Dario and Palazzo Barbaro of the St. Vitus (San Vito) quarter on the Grand Canal, both palaces within the ecclesiastical district of St. Sebastian of Dorsoduro.[5][6] An award to the Albergo branch of the Barbaro family fully elevated their line to the dignity of Princely Count of the Grand Principality of Transylvania (Gefursteter Graf, Conte Maschera) by an act of royal decree (decreto reale) and princely undersigning (sottodescritto) set forth by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, thereby allowing a Barbaro cadet branch to be attached to the Grand Principality of Transylvania with the princely style of "HILLH" (His Illustrious Highness). This royal title followed from the line's pre-existing noble titles which included: Baron dell'Albergo, within Catanzaro, and Nobile Uomo at their Northern Italian Albergo at San Martino Buon Albergo. [7] The Imperial branch also continued to use a Transylvanian title at this time, the Grand Prince of Transylvania, even though the territory of the Grand Principality of Transylvania had already been restructured into Transleithania, but done so by Franz Joseph I's own choosing, and thereby allowing both Transylvanian titles to still continue on perpetually, irregardless of the territory's restructuring.
At the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1919, Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Romania. It was then divided between Romania and Hungary in 1940, but reverted back to Romania in 1945.
List
Affiliation | Ruler | Years | Remarks |
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Gelou | ? – 904 | "Gelou Ducem Blacorum"[8] - Gelou - the Duke of Vlachs/Romanians | |
Tuhutum/Töhötöm | 904 - ? | ||
Gyula (or Prokuj) | ? – 1003 | Ruler of the upper Tisza region and northern Transylvania. Defeated by Stephen I of Hungary | |
Kean | voivode of the southern Transylvanian bolgars, defeated by Stephen I of Hungary c. 1003-1015 | ||
Arpads | St. Stephen (István) | 1003–1038 | first Christian King of Hungary (1000), maternal grandson of Gyula the Old, defeated Gyula the Young and Kean |
Voivods under the Kings of Hungary | |||
Mercurius (Transylvanian Voivod) | c. 1110 | ||
Leustachius | 1176–1199 | ||
Legforus | 1199–1200 | ||
Eth (Transylvanian Voivod) | ? | ||
Gyula I | ?–1201 | ||
Benedek | 1201–1206 | ||
Smaragd | 1206 | ||
Benedek | 1206–1209 | ||
Mihály | 1209–1211 | ||
Bertold of Andechs-Meran, Archbishop | 1211–1213 | ||
Miklós I | 1213 | ||
Gyula I | 1213 | ||
Simon (Transylvanian Voivod) | 1213–1215 | ||
Hippolitus | 1215–1217 | ||
Raphael | 1217–1218 | ||
Néka | 1218–1221 | ||
Pál | 1221–1231 | ||
Gyula II | 1230–1233 | ||
Dénes | 1233–1234 | ||
András I | 1234–1235 | ||
Posza | 1235–1240 | ||
First Mongol invasion 1240-1242 | |||
Lóránt | 1242–1252 | ||
Interregnum | 1252–1261 | ||
Erény Kos | 1261 | ||
Arpads | Stephen Arpád | 1261–1270 | |
Mátyás | 1270–1272 | ||
Miklós | 1272–1273 | ||
János | 1273–1274 | ||
Miklós | 1274–1275 | ||
Ladislas Borsa | 1275 | ||
Ugrin | 1275–1276 | ||
Matyas | 1276–1277 | ||
Miklós Pók | 1277 | ||
Aba | 1278–1279 | ||
István (Arpad ruler of Transylvania) | 1280 | ||
Roland Borsa | 1281–1282 | ||
Apor Pecz | 1283 | ||
Roland Borsa | 1284–1285 | ||
Second Mongol invasion 1284-1285, followed by direct Hungarian rule 1285-1288 | |||
Roland Borsa | 1288–1294 | opposed Hungarian rule | |
Kán László II | 1294–1315 | opposed Hungarian rule | |
Voivods under the Kings of Hungary | |||
Miklós Medgyesi Pok | 1315–1318 | ||
D of Debrecen | 1318–1321 | ||
Szecsényi Tamás | 1322–1342 | ||
Miklós Sirokay | 1342–1344 | ||
Lackfi | Stephen I. Lackfi | 1344–1350 | |
Csor Tamás | 1350 | ||
Miklós Konth | 1351–1356 | ||
Lackfi | András Lackfi | 1356–1359 | |
Lackfi | Dionys Lackfi | 1360–1367 | |
Lackfi | Miklós Lackfi | 1367-1368 | |
Lackfi | Emeric Lackfi | 1368–1372 | |
Lackfi | Stephen II. Lackfi | 1373–1376 | brother of Emeric |
Ladislau de Losoncz | 1376–1391 | ||
Emeric Bebek I | 1392–1393 | ||
Frank de Szècsèny | 1392–1393 | ||
Stibor of Stiboricz | 1395–1401 | knight of the Order of the Dragon | |
Miklos Csaki & Miklós Marczali | 1401–1403 | ||
János Tamasi & Iacob Lack de Szántó | 1403–1409 | ||
Stibor of Stiboricz | 1410–1414 | knight of the Order of the Dragon | |
Miklós Csáki | 1415–1426 | ||
László IV. Csaki | 1426–1437 | son of Nicolae Csaki | |
Péter Cseh | 1436–1438 | ||
Losonczi Dezső | 1441-1440 | ||
László V. Jakcs | January 1441 | ||
John Hunyadi (János Hunyadi / Iancu de Hunedoara) | 1441–1446 | ||
Emeric/Imre Bebek I & Nicolae de Ujlak | 1446–1447 | ||
Emeric/Imre Bebek II & John Hunyadi | May-October 1448 | ||
Rozgonyi János | 1449-1460 | ||
Ujlaki Miklós | 1449-1458 | ||
Rozgonyi Sebestyén | 1458-1461 | ||
Ujlaki Miklós | 1460 | ||
Kanizsai László | 1460 | ||
Ujlaki Miklós & Pongrácz János | 1462-1465 | ||
Szentgyörgyi Zsigmond & Szentgyörgyi János | 1465-1467 | ||
Pongrácz János & Csupor Miklós | 1468–1472 | ||
Magyar Balázs | [[1472-1475 | ||
Pongrácz János | 1475–1476 | ||
Geréb Péter | 1478–1479 | ||
Báthory (Ecsed) | Stephen V Báthory | 1479–1493 | |
Drágfi | Bartolomeus Drágfi | 1493–1499 | |
Losonczi László | 1493–1495 | ||
Szentgyörgyi Péter | 1499–1510 | ||
Zápolya | John I Zápolya (Zápolya János) |
1511–1526 | elected King of Hungary by one party of Hungarian nobles in 1526, while another party elected Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria. |
Perény Péter | 1526–1534 | appointed by John I Zápolya | |
Báthory (Somlyó) | Stephen VIII Báthory | 1529–1534 | appointed by John I Zápoly |
Hieronymus Laski | 1531–1534 | ||
István Maylád | 1534–1536 | ||
Imre Balassa | 1536–1540 | ||
Fráter György | 1542–1551 | guardian of John II Sigismund Zápolya | |
Báthory (Ecsed) | Andrew Bonaventura Báthory | 1551–1552 | lieutenant of Ferdinand of Austria |
István Dobó & Francise Kendi | 1552–1556 | ||
vacant | 1556–1570 | direct rule of John II Sigismund Zápolya as claimant to the throne of Hungary | |
Princes of Transylvania and parts of Hungary | |||
Zápolya | John II Sigismund Zápolya (János Zsigmond) | 1570-1571 | Son of John Zápolya, renounced his royal claim in 1570 in favour of Emperor Maximilian and remained Prince of Transylvania and parts of Hungary until his death in 1571. |
Báthory (Somlyó) | Stephen Báthory | 1571–1586 | elected Voivod by a diet, King of Poland since 1575, assumed title of Prince of Transylvania and parts of Hungary |
Gáspár Bekes | 1571–1572 | rival voivod, designated as successor by John II Sigismund Zápolya and supported by the Habsburg King, defeated by Stephen Báthory | |
Báthory (Somlyó) | Christopher Báthory | 1575-1581 | older brother of Stephen Báthory, administered Transylvania as Voivod during the absence of his brother. |
Báthory (Somlyó) | Sigismund Báthory | 1581/1586–1598 | son of Christopher, succeeded his father as Voivod and his uncle as Prince; assumed regency in 1588; abdicated in April 1598 in favor of Habsburg Rudolf, King of Hungary |
Habsburg | Rudolf | April-August 1598 | |
Báthory (Somlyó) | Sigismund Báthory | August 1598 – March 1599 | returned in August 1598, again abdicated in March 1599 favor of his cousin Andrew Cardinal Báthory. |
Báthory (Somlyó) | Andrew Cardinal Báthory | March-November1599 | Cousin of Sigismund, driven out by Michael of Wallachia and killed by his Szekely allies |
Drăculeşti | Michael of Wallachia (Mihai Viteazul) | 1599–1600 | recognized by a diet as Prince subject to the King, recognized by the Sultan and later also by King Rudolf, deposed in September 1600 by Hungarian nobles |
Habsburg | Rudolf | 1600-1601 | ruled through the governor Giorgio Basta, 1600-1601 |
Báthory (Somlyó) | Sigismund Báthory | 1601 | attempted to regain Transylvania, recognized by the diet of Kolozsvár/Klausenburg/Cluj but defeated by Basta and Mihai, eventually abdicated in 1602 in favor of King Rudolf II |
Habsburg | Rudolf | 1601–1606 | ruled through the governor Giorgio Basta, 1601-1604 |
Mózes Székely | April - July 1603 | rebelled against Habsburgs and defeated Basta with Tartar mercenaries and claimed the title of Prince but was defeated by Radu Şerban, Voivode of Wallachia | |
Princes of Transylvania between Ottomans and Habsburgs | |||
István Bocskay | 1605–1606 | rebelled against Habsburgs with support of Hungarian nobles and the Turks, confirmed in his position in the Treaty of Vienna (1606) | |
Rákóczi | Sigismund Rákóczi | 1607–1608 | elected by the estates against the wishes of Bocskay, Habsburgs and Ottomans; deposed by a military rebellion under Gabriel Báthory |
Báthory (Somlyó) | Gabriel Báthory | 1608–1613 | ally of Bocskay, came to power in a military rebellion |
Bethlen Gábor | 1613–1629 | claimed the Kingship of Hungary 1619-1621 | |
Catherine of Brandenburg | 1629–1630 | daughter of John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, widow of Gabriel Bethlen | |
Rákóczi | George I Rákóczi | 1630–1648 | |
Habsburg | Ferdinand III | 1630–1645 | claimed the Principality but accepted George I in 1645 in the treaty of Linz |
Rákóczi | George II Rákóczi | 1648–1657 | married Sophia Báthory, niece of Gabriel Báthory, claimed the Kingship of Poland in 1657, abdicated in favor of Habsburg Leopold, King of Hungary, deposed by a diet at Turkish command |
Aba | Francis Rhédey | 1657–1658 | backed by Charles X Gustav of Sweden (1654 - 1660). Francis Rhédey was a descendent from the Royal House of Aba - King Samuel Aba of Hungary |
Rákóczi | George II Rákóczi | 1657–1658 | restored by a diet, deposed by the Turks |
Barcsai Ákos | 1658–1659 | ||
Rákóczi | George II Rákóczi | 1659–1660 | fell in battle against the Turks |
Kemény János | 1661–1662 | backed by the Habsburg King Leopold | |
Apafi | Michael I Apafi | 1661–1690 | backed by the Turks, opposed King Leopold, made peace with the Habsburg King in 1685/7 |
Apafi | Michael II Apafi | 1681–1692 | elected as heir during his father's lifetime, and accepted as such by the Turks, ruled with George Bánffy as governor, moved to Vienna and forced to cede the Principality to King Leopold |
Thököly Imre | 1690 – 1699 | earlier claimant of Upper Hungary, appointed Prince of Transsylvania by the Turks at the death of Michael I, held the country with Turkish support briefly in 1690/91 | |
In 1692 the Habsburg Kings of Hungary permanently assumed the title of Prince of Transylvania, administering the country through governors. | |||
Habsburg | Leopold I | 1690–1705 | governors: * George Bánffy, 1691-1696 * Rabutin de Bussy 1696-1708 |
Rákóczi | Francis II Rakoczi | 1704 - 1711 | grandson of George II Rákóczi, rebelled against King Leopold, claiming the titles Prince of Transylvania and Ruling Prince of Hungary |
Habsburg | Charles VI | 1711–1740 | governors: * Stephen Haller, 1709-1710 * Wesselényi István, 1710-1713 * Sigismund Kornis, 1713-1731 * Wesselény István, 1731-1732 * Francisc Anton Wallis, 1732-1734 * John Haller 1734-1755 |
Habsburg | Maria Theresa of Austria | 1740–1765 | governors: * Francisc Venceslav Wallis, 1755-1758 * Ladislaus Kemény, 1758-1762 * Adolf Buccow, 1762-1764 * Hadik András, 1764-1765 |
The Principality is elevated to the Grand Principality of Transylvania, with the Habsburg Grand Princes administering the country through governors. | |||
Habsburg | Maria Theresa of Austria | 1765–1780 | governors: * Andreas Hadik 1765-1767 * Carol O'Donell 1767-1770 * Joseph Maria von Auersperg 1771-1774 * Samuel von Brukenthal 1774-1775, 1776-1787 |
Habsburg-Lorraine | Joseph II | 1780–1790 | governors: * Samuel von Brukenthal 1774-1775, 1776-1787 * Bánffy György II, 1787-1822 |
Habsburg-Lorraine | Leopold II | 1790–1792 | governor: Bánffy György II, 1787-1822 |
Habsburg-Lorraine | Francis II | 1792–1835 | governors: * George Bánffy II, 1787-1822 * Jósika János 1822-1834 * Ferdinand d'Este 1835-1837 |
Habsburg-Lorraine | Ferdinand I | 1835–1848 | * John Kornis, 1838-1840 * Teleki József, 1842-1848 |
Habsburg-Lorraine | Franz Joseph I | 1848–1916 | governors: * Ludwig Wohlgemuth, 1849-1851 * Karl B. Schwarzenbeger, 1851-1858 * Friedrich von Liechtenstein, 1858-1861 * Mikó Imre 1860-1861 * Ludwig Folliot of Crenneville, 1861-1867 royal cadet branch: * HILLH Count Giovanni Battista Barbaro, Patrician of Venice; Baron dell'Albergo |
In the wake of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, the Hungarian government dissolved the Grand Principality of Transylvania and incorporated its territory into the Kingdom of Hungary. However, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine continued use of the titles: Grand Prince of Transylvania and Princely Count of the Grand Principality of Transylvania . | |||
Habsburg-Lorraine | Karl I | 1916–1918 | royal cadet branch: * HILLH Count Giambattista Valerianus Barbaro, Patrician of Venice; Baron dell'Albergo |
References
- ^ http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/hunyadi/hu03.htm
- ^ http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Grand+Principality+of+Transylvania
- ^ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/603323/Transylvania
- ^ http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Grand+Principality+of+Transylvania
- ^ [[1]]
- ^ Venice & the Veneto by DK Travel Guides, pp.123-135
- ^ [[2]],
- ^ Gesta Hungarorum|url=http://www.ssees.ac.uk/prospect/GestaHungarorum.pdf
External links
- Heraldique Europeenne including the coats-of-arms of Transylvania and its rulers 1526-1690