Nomifensine: Difference between revisions

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In a 1989 study it has been investigated for use in treating adult [[ADHD]] and proven successful.<ref>{{Cite pmid|2651559}}</ref> In a 1977 study it has not proven of benefit in advanced parkinsonism, except for depression associated with the parkinsonism.<ref>{{Cite pmid|334223}}</ref>
In a 1989 study it has been investigated for use in treating adult [[ADHD]] and proven successful.<ref>{{Cite pmid|2651559}}</ref> In a 1977 study it has not proven of benefit in advanced parkinsonism, except for depression associated with the parkinsonism.<ref>{{Cite pmid|334223}}</ref>


Nomifensine was withdrawn in the US, Canada and the UK for a risk of [[haemolytic anaemia]].<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB04821 | title = Nomifensine DB04821 | publisher = Drugbank.ca }}</ref>
Due to the risk of a risk of [[haemolytic anaemia]], [[FDA]] approval for nomifensine was withdrawn on March 20th, 1992. Nomifensine has subsequently been withdrawn from the Canadian and UK markets as well.<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB04821 | title = Nomifensine DB04821 | publisher = Drugbank.ca }}</ref>
Some deaths were linked to immunohaemolytic anemia caused by this compound although the mechanism remained unclear.<ref>{{cite pmid|3058454}}</ref>
Some deaths were linked to immunohaemolytic anemia caused by this compound although the mechanism remained unclear.<ref>{{cite pmid|3058454}}</ref>


Revision as of 14:06, 30 November 2012

Nomifensine
Clinical data
Routes of
administration		Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Elimination half-life1.5-4 hours
Identifiers
  • (±)-2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-8-amine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC16H18N2
Molar mass238.328 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • c1ccc2c(c1N)CN(CC2c3ccccc3)C
  • InChI=1S/C16H18N2/c1-18-10-14(12-6-3-2-4-7-12)13-8-5-9-16(17)15(13)11-18/h2-9,14H,10-11,17H2,1H3 checkY
  • Key:XXPANQJNYNUNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Nomifensine (Merital, Alival) is a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor developed by a team at Hoechst AG in the 1960s.[1] The drug was test marketed in the United States by Hoechst AG (now Sanofi-Aventis), i.e. a drug that increases the amount of synaptic norepinephrine and dopamine available to receptors by blocking the dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake transporters.[2] This is a mechanism of action shared by some recreational drugs like cocaine (see DRI), and currently-available antidepressants (e.g. bupropion).[citation needed]

Nomifensine was investigated for use as an antidepressant in the 1970s, and was found to be a useful antidepressant at doses of 50–225 mg per day, both motivating and anxiolytic. There were relatively few adverse effects (mainly dry mouth, headache, nausea), the drug was not sedating, did not interact significantly with alcohol and lacked anticholinergic effects. No withdrawal symptoms were seen after 6 months treatment. The drug was however considered not suitable for agitated patients as it presumably made agitation worse.[3][4]

Some case reports in the 1980s suggested that there was potential for psychological dependence on nomifensine, typically in patients with a history of stimulant addiction, or when the drug was used in very high doses (400–600 mg per day).[5]

In a 1989 study it has been investigated for use in treating adult ADHD and proven successful.[6] In a 1977 study it has not proven of benefit in advanced parkinsonism, except for depression associated with the parkinsonism.[7]

Due to the risk of a risk of haemolytic anaemia, FDA approval for nomifensine was withdrawn on March 20th, 1992. Nomifensine has subsequently been withdrawn from the Canadian and UK markets as well.[8] Some deaths were linked to immunohaemolytic anemia caused by this compound although the mechanism remained unclear.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ US patent 3577424, "4-Phenyl-8-Amino Tetrahydroisoquinolines", issued 1971-05-04, assigned to Farbwerke Hoechst 
  2. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 477572, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=477572 instead.
  3. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 334230 , please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid= 334230 instead.
  4. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 6370985 , please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=6370985 instead.
  5. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 3774872, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=3774872 instead.
  6. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 2651559, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=2651559 instead.
  7. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 334223, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=334223 instead.
  8. ^ "Nomifensine DB04821". Drugbank.ca.
  9. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 3058454, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=3058454 instead.
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