Jump to content

Bhopal

Coordinates: 23°15′N 77°25′E / 23.250°N 77.417°E / 23.250; 77.417
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Epistulae ad Familiares (talk | contribs) at 15:23, 3 February 2021 (Reverting edit(s) by 2405:201:3003:3035:7933:9B82:76DE:276D (talk) to rev. 1004418649 by Jejsiguoa: Vandalism (RW 16)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For other uses, see Bhopal (disambiguation).

Bhopal
Metropolis capital
Clockwise from top left
Taj-ul-Masajid, Bhopal city panorama, Steam train installation near lake, Rabindra Bhavan, Van Vihar, Vallabh Bhawan (MP Secretariat), Bhojtal Upper Lake, Lakshmi Narayan Birla Mandir
Nickname: 
The City of Lakes
Bhopal is located in Madhya Pradesh
Bhopal
Bhopal
Bhopal is located in India
Bhopal
Bhopal
Coordinates: 23°15′N 77°25′E / 23.250°N 77.417°E / 23.250; 77.417
Country India
StateMadhya Pradesh
DistrictBhopal
Government
 • TypeMayor–Council
 • BodyBhopal Municipal Corporation
 • MayorAlok Sharma (BJP)
 • Member of ParliamentPragya Singh Thakur (2019 – present)
Area
[1][2][3]
463 km2 (179 sq mi)
 • Metro
[4]
648.24 km2 (250.29 sq mi)
Elevation
527 m (1,729 ft)
Population
 (2011)[5]
1,798,218
 • Rank16th
 • Density3,887/km2 (10,070/sq mi)
 • Metro

(Bhopal + Arera Colony + Berasia urban areas)
1,917,051
 • Metro rank
21st
DemonymBhopali
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Pincode
462001 to 462050
Telephone0755
Vehicle registrationMP-04
Precipitation1,123.1 millimetres (44.22 in)
Official languageHindi
Avg. high temperature31.7 °C (89.1 °F)
Avg. low temperature18.6 °C (65.5 °F)
Websitewww.bhopal.nic.in , www.smartbhopal.city

Bhopal (/boʊˈpɑːl/; Hindustani pronunciation: [bʱoːpaːl] ⓘ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of both Bhopal district and Bhopal division.[6] It is known as the City of Lakes[7] for its various natural and artificial lakes and for being one of the greenest cities in India.[8] It is the 16th largest city in India and 131st[9] in the world. After formation of Madhya Pradesh, the state capital Bhopal was a part of the Sehore district. It was bifurcated in 1972 and a new district Bhopal was formed.

Founded in 1707, the city was the capital of the former Bhopal State, a princely state of the British ruled by the Nawabs of Bhopal. Numerous heritage structures from this period include the Taj-ul-Masajid and Taj Mahal palace. In 1984, the city was struck by the Bhopal disaster, one of the worst industrial disasters in history.

A Y-class city,[10] Bhopal houses various educational and research institutions and installations of national importance, including ISRO's Master Control Facility,[11] BHEL and AMPRI. Bhopal is home to the largest number of institutes of National Importance in India, namely, IISER, MANIT, SPA, AIIMS, NLIU, IIFM and IIIT (currently functioning from a temporary campus inside MANIT).

The city attracted international attention in December 1984 after the Bhopal disaster, when a Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide manufacturing plant (now owned by Dow Chemical Company) leaked a mixture of deadly gases composed mainly of methyl isocyanate, leading to one of the worst industrial disasters in the world's history.[12] The Bhopal disaster continues to be a part of the socio-political debate and a logistical challenge for the people of Bhopal.[13]

Bhopal was selected as one of the first twenty Indian cities (the first phase) to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission.[14] Bhopal was also rated as the cleanest state capital city in India for three consecutive years, 2017, 2018 and 2019.[15]

History

Early history

Bhopal was founded by and named after 11th-century Malwa king Bhoja

According to folklore, Bhopal was founded in the 11th century by the Paramara king Bhoja, who ruled from his capital at Dhar. This theory states that Bhopal was originally known as Bhojpal after a dam (pal) constructed by the king's minister.[3] No archaeological evidence, inscriptions or historical texts support the claim about an earlier settlement founded by Bhoja at the same place. An alternative theory says that the city is named after another king called Bhupala (or Bhupal).[16][17][18]

Mausoleum of Dost Khan founder of Bhopal state

In the early 18th century, Bhopal was a small village in the Gond kingdom. The modern Bhopal city was established by Dost Mohammad Khan (1672–1728), a Pashtun soldier in the Mughal army.[19] After the death of the emperor Aurangzeb, Khan started providing mercenary services to local chieftains in the politically unstable Malwa region. In 1709, he took on the lease of Berasia estate and later annexed several territories in the region to establish the Bhopal State.[20] Khan received the territory of Bhopal from the Gond queen Kamlapati in lieu of payment for mercenary services and usurped her kingdom after her death.[21] In the 1720s, he built the Fatehgarh fort in the village, which developed into the city of Bhopal over the next few decades.

Begum rule

Bhopal became a princely state after signing a treaty with the British East India Company in 1818.[22] Between 1819 and 1926, the state was ruled by four women, Begums – unique in the royalty of those days – under British suzerainty. Qudsia Begum was the first woman ruler (between 1819 and 1837), who was succeeded by her granddaughter, Shah Jehan. Between the years 1844–1860, when Shah Jehan was a child, her mother Sikandar (only daughter of Qudsia) ruled as regent, and was then recognised as ruler in 1860. She ruled until 1868, when Shah Jehan succeeded her and was Begum until 1901. In 1901, Shah Jehan's daughter Kaikhusrau Jahan became Begum, ruled until 1926, and was the last of the female line of succession. In 1926, she abdicated in favour of her son, Hamidullah Khan, who ruled until 1947, and was the last of the sovereign Nawabs. The rule of Begums gave the city its waterworks, railways, a postal system, and a municipality constituted in 1907.[23]

Post independence

Bhopal State was the second-largest Muslim-ruled princely state: the first being Hyderabad. After the independence of India in 1947, the last Nawab expressed his wish to retain Bhopal as a separate unit. Agitations against the Nawab broke out in December 1948, leading to the arrest of prominent leaders including Shankar Dayal Sharma. Later, the political detainees were released, and the Nawab signed the agreement for Bhopal's merger with the Union of India on 30 April 1949.[24] The Bhopal state was taken over by the Union Government of India on 1 June 1949.

Bhopal disaster

Main article: Bhopal disaster

In early December 1984, a Union Carbide India Limited pesticide plant in Bhopal leaked around 32 tons of toxic gases, including methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas which led to the worst industrial disaster in the world to date.

The official death toll was initially recorded as around 4,000. A Madhya Pradesh government report stated 3,787 deaths, while other estimates state the fatalities were significantly higher (16,000) from the accident and the medical complications caused by the accident in the weeks and years that followed. The higher estimates have been challenged.[25][26] The impact of the disaster continues to this day in terms of psychological and neurological disabilities, blindness, skin, vision, breathing, and birth disorders.[27][28][29]

The soil and ground water near the factory site have been contaminated by the toxic wastes.[29][30] The Bhopal disaster continues to be the part of the socio-political debate; the clean-up of environmental contamination and rehabilitation of those affected continues to challenge the people of Bhopal.[13]

Compensation to families of the victims - The Centre is seeking a direction to Union Carbide and other firms for Rs 78.44 billion additional amount over and above the earlier settlement amount of USD 470 million in 1989 for paying compensation to the gas tragedy victims[31]

Geography

A view of upper lake, part of the city and the hilly Vindhya terrain.

Bhopal has an average elevation of 500 metres (1401 ft) and is located in the central part of India, just north of the upper limit of the Vindhya mountain ranges. Located on the Malwa plateau, it is higher than the north Indian plains and the land rises towards the Vindhya Range to the south. The city has uneven elevation and has small hills within its boundaries. The prominent hills in Bhopal are the Idgah and Shyamala hills in the northern region, together with the Katara hills in the southern region. There are two lakes namely upper lake and lower lake. The Upper Lake has a surface area of 36 km2 and catchment area of 361 km2 while the Lower Lake has a surface area of 1.29 km2 and catchment area of 9.6 km2.[32] Recently, Bhopal Municipal Corporation came with a resolution to involve local citizens in cleaning, conserving and maintaining the lakes.[33] Bhopal city is divided into two parts where one part which is near the VIP and lake is Old Bhopal (north) and the other, New Bhopal (south), where malls are mainly situated.

File:Bhopal satellite view.jpg
Satellite view of Bhopal Metro

Climate

Bhopal
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
13
 
 
24
9
 
 
7.8
 
 
28
11
 
 
7.2
 
 
34
17
 
 
4.5
 
 
38
22
 
 
8
 
 
41
26
 
 
114
 
 
37
25
 
 
356
 
 
31
23
 
 
388
 
 
29
22
 
 
196
 
 
31
21
 
 
26
 
 
32
18
 
 
14
 
 
29
12
 
 
12
 
 
25
10
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
0.5
 
 
76
49
 
 
0.3
 
 
83
53
 
 
0.3
 
 
92
63
 
 
0.2
 
 
101
71
 
 
0.3
 
 
105
78
 
 
4.5
 
 
99
78
 
 
14
 
 
87
74
 
 
15
 
 
84
72
 
 
7.7
 
 
87
71
 
 
1
 
 
90
65
 
 
0.5
 
 
84
54
 
 
0.5
 
 
78
50
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Bhopal has a humid subtropical climate, with cool, dry winters, a hot summer and a humid monsoon season. Summers start in late March and go on till mid-June, the average temperature being around 30 °C (86 °F), with the peak of summer in May, when the highs regularly exceed 40 °C (104 °F) Extreme high in May was 46.7 °C on 19 May 2016 and in June it was 45.9 °C on 7 June 2019. The monsoon starts in late June and ends in late September. These months see about 40 inches (1020 mm) of precipitation, frequent thunderstorms and flooding. The average temperature is around 25 °C (77 °F) and the humidity is quite high. Temperatures rise again up to early November when winter starts, which lasts up to early March. Winters in Bhopal are cool, and not very much comfortable like summers, with average daily temperatures around 16 °C (61 °F). The winter peaks in January when temperatures may drop close to freezing on some nights. Lowest temperature ever recorded was 0.3 °C. Total annual rainfall is about 1146 mm (46 inches). Template:Bhopal weatherbox

Demographics

Religion in Bhopal[34]
Religion Percent
Hindus
 
 69.20%
Muslims
 
 26.28%
Jains
 
 1.35%
Christians
 
 1.12%
Buddhists
 
 1.08%
Others†
 
 0.6%
Population % by religion; †Includes Sikhs

According to the 2011 census, the population of the Bhopal city (the area under Bhopal Municipal Corporation) is 1,798,218, with 936,168 males and 862,050 females. The population of the Bhopal metropolitan area (the urban agglomeration that extends beyond Bhopal city) was 1,886,100 in 2011.[35] The total effective literacy rate (for population aged 7+ years) was 85.24%, with male and female literacy respectively at 89.2% and 80.1%.[3]

Tourist Map of Bhopal
Tiger at Van Vihar National Park

Government and politics

Bhopal is the name of the division, as well as the district and the capital city of the district.[36] The division is headed by the commissioner and additional commissioner for the division.[36] The division has five districts, of which Bhopal is one.[36] Bhopal district administration is headed by the District Magistrate of Bhopal, who is the Chief Executive Officer for the district.[37]

The city is represented in the parliament by Bhopal Lok Sabha constituency, with Pragya Singh Thakur from the BJP elected in 2019. Bhopal also houses the State Legislative Assembly, or the Vidhan Sabha, which seats 230 members of Legislative Assembly. The fourteenth (and current) Vidhan Sabha was elected in December 2018.[38] As of March 2020, the party in the majority in Vidhan Sabha is Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) with 107 seats which is led by Shivraj Singh Chouhan.[39] Bhopal district elects seven seats to the Assembly, and as per delimitation in 2008,[40] Bhopal city is represented in 6 constituencies:[41]

State assembly constituency Wards Councillor Political party
Bhopal Uttara 5-18, 22 Arif Aqueel Indian National Congress
Narela 39-42, 46, 56-58, 66 Vishvas Sarang Bhartiya Janata Party
Bhopal Dakshin-Paschim 26-35, 48-49 PC Sharma Indian National Congress
Bhopal Madhya 19-21, 23-25, 36-38, 43-45, 47-50, 50-52 Arif Masood Indian National Congress
Govindpura 53-55, 59-63, 65 Krishna Gaur Bhartiya Janata Party
Huzur 1-4 Rameshwar Sharma Bhartiya Janata Party

It is also part of the larger urban agglomeration of Bhopal, with a population of 1,883,381.[42] The first municipal body that governed the municipal population of the city came into being in 1907 in erstwhile Bhopal estate, and was called Majlis-e-intezamia".[43] The first city survey was conducted in 1916 after the enactment of Municipal act.[43] Till 1956, the area under Bhopal Municipal limit was very small, after which surrounding villages were added to it.[43] By 1975, the municipal limit reached 71.23 square km.[43] Bhopal Municipal Council got the status of Municipal Corporation, with total of 56 wards in 1983.[44]

Civic administration

Shivaji statue at Shivaji Nagar Square Bhopal

Bhopal Municipal Corporation (BMC) is the urban civic body which oversees the needs of Bhopal city.[43] The municipal corporation follows guidelines under the Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1956,[45] as well as the Madhya Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1961.[46][47] In 2015, Kolar Municipal Corporation merged with it, after having been split from it earlier.[48] In 2019, it was announced that the corporation would be split again and a proposal was put forth to the urban administration and housing department, which was criticised by the mayor-in-council.[49][50] It also proposed for indirect election of the mayor.[51]

The municipal corporation is spread over an area of 463 km2 (179 sq mi) and has a population of 1795648.[1][2][3][52] The city is divided into 14 zones and 85 wards for the purpose of administration, and each ward is represented by a councillor elected for a term of five years.[53][54] The winning party elects a council of members, who are responsible for various departments.[55] Ward committees as well as Mohalla committees have been prescribed by the corporation act.[56] In October 2016, the Pioneer reported the meeting of one ward committee in the city.[57] Madhya Pradesh is one of the few states in India, which uses the Mayor-in-Council (MIC) system and hence the elected representatives of the Bhopal Municipal Corporation are also organised as MIC.[58] There are multiple municipal departments in BMC such as Health and Environment; Education, Social JusticeFood and Culture; Planning and Rehabilitation; Public Relations and Library; Fire Brigade and Transport; Power; Engineering; Revenue and Project; Accounting; JnNURM; M.P.U.S.P and General Administration.[59]

Elections were due in January 2020, these were postponed due to the pandemic.[60] As of September 2020, the reservation of wards has been decided.[61] The present mayor of the city is Alok Sharma.[62] In 2019, the state government changed the rules that had applied since 1988, allowing the mayor to be indirectly elected, by elected councillors.[63] V.S.Choudhary Kolsani is the municipal commissioner of the city.[64] Additional municipal commissioner is Shashwant Singh Meena.[65]

The municipality receives income from tax collection, assigned revenue, rental income, fees and user charges, revenue grants, income from investment funds.[66] The budget for the year 2020-21 has been approved as Rs 2495 crore.[67]

Civic utilities

Bhopal Development Authority is the apex body for planning and co-ordination of development activities in the Mandhya Pradesh, which consists of Bhopal and its influence area, and was set up in 1976 under the Bhopal Development Authority Act, 1974.[68]

Electricity in Bhopal is distributed by the Madhya Pradesh Madhya Kshetra Vidyut Vitaran Company Limited, the central discom of the state.[69] It is regulated by the state electricity board, the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board (MPSEB), which is located in Bhopal.[70] Fire services are provided by the Bhopal Municipal Corporation.[71][72]

Bhopal Municipal Corporation is responsible for planning, constructing and maintaining the water supply system within the city.[73] Natural sources of water are surface water (upper lake, kolar reservoir, narmada river), with a significant portion of the population depending on ground water (tubewells, handpumps) as well as privately owned and unaccounted for dugwells and borewells.[74] According to a study done in 2014, piped water supply in the city covers about 6% of the population;[74] however, irregular and bad quality of water supply is a common complaint in the city.[75]

System of solid waste disposal in urban areas is governed by the municipality under the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules 2000. These rules have been framed under the Environment Protection Act, 1986.[76] The city of Bhopal generates 900 tonnes of solid waste.[77] As of 2018, only 1.5% of this waste is segregated.[78] While the municipality website states that door-to-door collection was started by BMC at each zone and ward level from 15 August 2013,[79] Free Press Journal has reported in 2020 that the civic body has failed in the same.[80] Bhopal has 8 transfer stations, where the garbage collected zone wise is dumped, and without any segregation, the waste is transferred to the Adampur Chhawni landfill site.[80] In 2018, after the National Green Tribunal (NGT) directed the BMC to clean dump at Bhanpur, which activists claim is 80 feet high and has polluted ground water up to 500 metres below, the trenching ground was shifted to Adampur.[81] In 2019, it was announced that India's first e-waste clinic was being set up in Bhopal. BMC along with Central Pollution Control Board came together to establish this clinic which will enable segregation, processing and disposal of waste, both residential and commercial.[82] In January 2020, the clinic was inaugurated for operations. It started initially as a three-month pilot and if the pilot is successful, the clinics will be opened in other places as well.[83]

As of 2017, the city of Bhopal produces 310 MLD of sewage per day, of which only 50 MLD is treated in the 7 Sewage treatment plants that have a capacity of 80 MLD.[84] Most of the sewage reaches water bodies, the Upper and Lower Lake, Motia Lake, Siddique Hasan Lake, Munshi Hussain Khan Lake.[85][86] There are about 800 large drains in Bhopal.[87] About 80% sewerage water mixes with storm water drains main drains include Patra, Mandi and Hataikheda, Jatkhedi.[88]

After a gap of 25 years, the state capital's masterplan 2031 was finally released in March 2020 by the Directorate of Town and Country Planning, Madhya Pradesh. The previous masterplan of 1995 was valid till 2005; and Bhopal had no masterplan between 2005 and 2020.[89] Bhopal Municipal Corporation was ranked 3rd out of 21 Cities for best governance and administrative practices in India in 2014.[90] It scored 3.7 on 10 compared to the national average of 3.3.[91]

Culture

Bharat Bhavan Bhopal

Diwali and Eid are major festivals in Bhopal. Gifts and sweets are exchanged and donation are made to the poor. Diwali is celebrated by worshiping the wealth goddess Lakshmi. Eid is special to the city as all the Hindus take time out to visit their Muslim friends and greet them and get treated with delicacies, the speciality of the day being sweet sewaiya. Bhopali culture is such that both Hindus and Muslims visit each other on their respective festivals to greet and exchange sweets. During Ganesh puja and Durga Puja (Navratras), idols of Ganesh and Durga are established in jhankis throughout the city. People throng to offer prayers to their deities. At the end of Navratras, on the day of Vijayadashami (or Dussehra), huge effigies of Ravan are burnt in different parts of the city.

Bhopal Pride March

Bhopal Ijtema is an annual Muslim world preachers congregation, is held at Ghasipura 11 km from Bhopal. The annual congregation near Bhopal attracts between 500,000 and 1,000,000 Muslims globally.[92]

The city was the first in state and all of central India to organise an LGBTQ+ pride march, the Bhopal Pride March on 17 May 2017 (International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia). The march saw a huge participation from the members of the queer community as well as straight allies. It was followed in 2018 by a second edition which was held on 15 July 2018.[93]

Architecture

The Nawabs of Bhopal built several structures including the Taj-ul-Masajid and Taj Mahal palace in Indo-Islamic and European styles.

Bharat Bhavan is the main cultural centre of the city, and hosts many theatre and film festivals every year.[94] It has an art gallery, an open-air amphitheatre facing the Upper Lake, two other theatres and a tribal museum. The Bharat Bhavan as well as the MP Legislative Assembly were designed by Charles Correa.

Economy

The major industries in the old city are electrical goods, medicinal, cotton, chemicals and jewellery. Other industries include cotton and flour milling, cloth weaving and painting, as well as making matches, sealing wax, and sporting equipment.[95] The residents of Bhopal also engage in large retail businesses. Handicrafts, like zardozi and batua (a small string purse, usually used with Indian traditional dresses) are some of the products of the Old City.[96]

Bhopal is also home to the DB Corp, informally called the Bhaskar Group (named after its major publication Dainik Bhaskar), a ₹17 billion business conglomerate with a strong presence in media. Its head office is located in Maharana Pratap Nagar.

Manjul Publishing House, located in the old city, is a major publishing house made famous by the translation of the Harry Potter series of novels into Hindi.[97]

Industries

  • Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, the largest engineering and manufacturing enterprise in India, has a unit in Bhopal. It occupies a large area in the Eastern Part of the city and maintains a suburb named after it. A majority of the residents of the BHEL Suburb are employed by the unit.[98]
  • Mandideep is an industrial suburb of Bhopal. It is located to the south of the city on the NH 12.[99] Mandideep's total exports are worth some 2,300 crore rupees ($500m; £300m) per year, making it the largest industrial area in Madhya Pradesh. The town is home to Hindustan Electo Graphite (HEG), owning the largest graphite electrode plant in the world and is the largest industrial company in the entire state. Hindustan Electro Graphite (HEG) and Lupin Laboratories ltd. are the dominant companies in the suburb, each exports worth around 900 crore rupees.[100]

Transport

Bhopal Share Cycles

Air

Raja Bhoj International Airport
Main article: Bhopal Airport

The Raja Bhoj International Airport is located near the suburb of Sant Hirdaram Nagar (formerly known as Bairagarh) and is the primary airport serving the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.[101]

There are three routes or ways to reach the airport: (1) Via Bairagad, (2) Via Panchvati, (3) Via Gandhi Nagar road (N.H 12). From within the city, VIP Road, a four lane road takes one to the airport, which lies 15 km to the north of the city. International flights began operations in 2010. Domestic direct flight services are operated by Air India, Spice Jet and Indigo. As of January 2020, Bhopal has non-stop flights to New Delhi, Mumbai, Surat, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Udaipur, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Pune and Raipur.[102] There is only one seasonal international flight from Bhopal and that is to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and is used mainly by Hajj pilgrims.[103]

Rail

Bhopal Habibganj station
Bhopal VIP road

Bhopal lies in the West Central Railway Zone. Considering both North-South and East-West train routes, it is one of the most rail connected cities in India which halts more than 200 daily trains, with a total of more than 380 trains within a week. The main stations of Bhopal are the Bhopal Junction station located in old Bhopal as well as Bhopal Habibganj station located in new Bhopal. Both of the stations are equipped with WiFi, has enough waiting halls, refreshment center, passenger ticket counter and ticket vending machines, vehicle parking, communication facility, sanitary facility and dedicated government railway police force to ensure security. Altogether the city has six railway stations within its city limits.

The Bhopal Junction station as well as Bhopal Habibganj station are selected along with 47 other railway stations to emerge as The World Class Railway Station. While the work has already started on development of Bhopal Habibganj as the first world class railway station of India.[104] The Bhopal Junction and Bhopal Habibganj have already received ISO 9001:2000 certificate.

The Bhopal Junction station houses the Divisional Railway Manager's (DRM) head office under West Central railways.

Roads

National Highway 46 forms a ring-road around Bhopal which connects it to Jabalpur in the East (via NH 45). NH 146, a branch of NH 46, connects the city to Sagar in the East. State Highway 18 connects the city with Indore (with Sehore and Dewas on the way). State Highway 23 connects the city to Guna and Berasia in the north.

Kushabhau Thakre ISBT Bhopal

An interstate bus terminus inaugurated in 2011, the Kushabhau Thakre Inter State Bus Terminal is located near the Habibganj railway station,[105][106]

Urban transport

Bhopal BRTS

The Bus Rapid Transit System, which opened in 2013, is run by Bhopal City Link Limited (BCLL). The company has identified 4 trunk and 8 standard routes in the city on which 225 buses would be operated daily (365 a day in a year), from 5 a.m. to 11 p.m. 82 bus stops are built along the 24 km long corridor.[107]

Metro Rail

The Bhoj Metro project is under construction for the city.[108][109][110]

Education

See also: List of educational institutions in Bhopal

Basic education

National Law Institute University

Bhopal has more than 550 state-sponsored schools, most of which are affiliated to the Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education (MPBSE). In addition, there are three Kendriya Vidyalayas in the city.[111] The city is also served by numerous other private schools affiliated to either CBSE, ICSE, MPBSE, NIOS and CIE (Cambridge).

Schools include Delhi Public School, Bhopal (CBSE), The Sanskaar Valley School (ICSE & Cambridge International Examinations),[112] Campion School (CBSE), and St. Joseph's Convent (CBSE).

Higher education

IIFM arc

There are many universities in Bhopal and its fifteen Institutions of National Importance is the highest number of any town in India outside New Delhi[citation needed]. The institutes and universities headquartered in the city include:

Institute Founded
Gandhi Medical College 1955
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology 1960
Barkatullah University 1970
Indian Institute of Forest Management 1982
Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University 1991
National Law Institute University 1997
Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya 1998
Makhanlal Chaturvedi National University of Journalism and Communication 1990
National Judicial Academy 1993
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 2008
National Institute of Fashion Technology 2008
School Of Planning And Architecture 2008
All India Institute of Medical Science 2012
Jagran Lakecity University 2013
Indian Institute of Information Technology 2017
RKDF University 2012
Rabindranath Tagore University 2010

Sports

Yodhasthal

Teams

Bhopal Badshahs is a hockey team based in Bhopal that plays in World Series Hockey. The team is captained by Indian hockey player Sameer Dad and coached by Vasudevan Bhaskaran who was the captain of India's Olympic victory in 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Badshahs defeated Chandigarh Comets in the inaugural match of 2012 World Series Hockey 4-3. Aishbagh Stadium in Bhopal is the home ground of Bhopal Badshahs.

Stadiums

Places of interest

Nature

Bhimbetka pre-historic rock cave painting near Bhopal include 500 sandstone caves and shelters. These are dated to range from 12,000 years ago to chalcolithic era of human history. They are a UNESCO World Heritage site.[113]

Bhimbetka Caves are about 35 kilometres from Bhopal city. They have evidence of dwellings of pre-historic man during the Paleolithic era. Rock paintings in the caves are specimens of pre-historic settlements in India. There are about 600 caves, but only 12 are open for visitors. The caves are located in the midst of sal and teak forests and includes a short trail around the caves. They were discovered by Wakankar in 1957. UNESCO declared Bhimbetka Caves as a World Heritage Site in 2003.[114]

Van Vihar National Park is a national park in central India. It is located in Bhopal, the capital city of Madhya Pradesh. Declared a national park in 1979, it covers an area of about 4.45 km2. Although it has the status of a national park, Van Vihar is developed and managed as a modern zoological park, following the guidelines of the Central Zoo Authority. The animals are kept in their near natural habitat. Most of the animals are either orphaned brought from various parts of the state or those, which are exchanged from other zoos. No animal is deliberately captured from the forest.[1] Van Vihar is unique because it allows easy access to the visitors through a road passing through the park, security of animals assured from poachers by building trenches and walls, chain-link fence and by providing natural habitat to the animals.

Activity centres

The Museum of Mankind in Bhopal exhibits tribal and folk houses from all corners of India.[115]

Notable people

Politics, civil service, science

Literature

Sports

Film and television

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "BMC". Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  2. ^ a b "BMC Plan". Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d "District Census Handbook – Bhopal" (PDF). Census of India. p. 35. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 August 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  4. ^ "Bhopal Metro City".
  5. ^ "Bhopal District Census Handbook" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 August 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
  6. ^ Educational Britannica Educational (1 July 2010). The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 174–. ISBN 978-1-61530-202-4. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
  7. ^ The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. 2010. p. 174. ISBN 978-1-61530-142-3. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  8. ^ Green (28 January 2010). "MSN's 8 green cities of India – 7 – Green News – Article – MSN India". Green.in.msn.com. Archived from the original on 28 December 2009. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  9. ^ "The world's largest cities". City Mayors. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  10. ^ "Re-classification/Upgradation of Cities/Towns on the basis of Census-2011 for the purpose of grant of House Rent Allowance (HRA) to Central Government Employees" (PDF). Ministry of Finance – Government of India. 21 July 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  11. ^ "ISRO Master Control Facility". Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 27 March 2007.
  12. ^ Taylor, Allan (2 December 2014). "Bhopal: The World's Worst Industrial Disaster, 30 Years Later". The Atlantic. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  13. ^ a b Government braces for disposal of Carbide waste at Pithampur Archived 26 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine The Times of India, 21 May 2014
  14. ^ "Why only 98 cities instead of 100 announced: All questions answered about smart cities project". 28 August 2015. Archived from the original on 19 January 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  15. ^ Ayub, Jamal (6 March 2019). "Swachh Survekshan 2019: Indore cleanest city, Bhopal cleanest capital | Bhopal News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
  16. ^ Pranab Kumar Bhattacharyya (1977). Historical Geography of Madhya Pradesh from Early Records. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 275. ISBN 978-0-8426-9091-1.
  17. ^ CPI joins campaign against naming Bhopal as Bhojpal Archived 23 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Daily Bhaskar,16 March 2011.
  18. ^ Ashfaq Ali (1981). Bhopal, Past and Present. Jai Bharat. p. xxix. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  19. ^ John Falconer, James Waterhouse (2009). The Waterhouse albums: central Indian provinces. Mapin. ISBN 978-81-89995-30-0.
  20. ^ Khan 2000, p. 11.
  21. ^ Kamla Mittal (1990). History of Bhopal State. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 2. OCLC 551527788.
  22. ^ Khan 2000, p. 68.
  23. ^ "BMC History". 15 May 2007. Archived from the original on 12 April 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2007.
  24. ^ S.R. Bakshi and O.P. Ralhan (2007). Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages. Sarup & Sons. p. 360. ISBN 978-81-7625-806-7.
  25. ^ Eckerman, Ingrid (2005). The Bhopal Saga—Causes and Consequences of the World's Largest Industrial Disaster. India: Universities Press. ISBN 81-7371-515-7. Archived from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  26. ^ Carol Wood, The Bhopal Saga: Causes and Consequences of the World’s Largest Industrial Disaster Archived 17 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Environ Health Perspect., May 2005; 113(5): A344
  27. ^ ALTAF QADRI (3 December 2009). "Victims of Bhopal Mark Anniversary". Time. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011.
  28. ^ Lakhani, Nina (29 November 2009). "Bhopal: The victims are still being born". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 3 December 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2009.
  29. ^ a b "Bhopal marks 25 years since gas leak devastation". BBC News. 3 December 2009. Archived from the original on 7 June 2010. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
  30. ^ "Subterranean Leak". Archived from the original on 18 April 2010.
  31. ^ "Bhopal gas tragedy: SC to hear Centre's plea for additional Rs 7,844 crore fund to compensate victims". The Economic Times. 27 January 2020.
  32. ^ "Lake Bhopal Conservation and Management Project" (PDF).
  33. ^ "Bhopal: In 2020 BMC resolves to work on parks, conservation of lakes & public participation". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  34. ^ Baseline Survey of Bhopal District, Madhya Pradesh Archived 3 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India (2012)
  35. ^ "Presentation on Towns and Urban Agglomerations". Census of India 2011. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  36. ^ a b c "History | BHOPAL DIVISION | India". Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  37. ^ "Administrative Setup | District Bhopal, Government of Madhya Pradesh | India". Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  38. ^ "Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha". Archived from the original on 8 May 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2007.
  39. ^ "How the numbers stack up against Kamal Nath govt ahead of Madhya Pradesh floor test". India Today. 20 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  40. ^ "Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008". Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  41. ^ "List of MLAs of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly 2018". Elections in India. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  42. ^ "Census India - UA" (PDF).
  43. ^ a b c d e "Bhopal Municipal Corporation | District Bhopal, Government of Madhya Pradesh | India". Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  44. ^ "History". Bhopal Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  45. ^ "MADHYA PRADESH MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ACT, 1956" (PDF). janaagraha.org. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  46. ^ "The Madhya Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1961" (PDF). indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  47. ^ "Madhya Pradesh - Finance of ULB" (PDF).
  48. ^ "Govt plans to divide Bhopal civic body into 2 corporations". Times of India.
  49. ^ Thakkar, Dhrumit (5 March 2018). "4 years after Kolar Municipal Council merged with Bhopal Municipal Corporation, the area is witnessing a much-needed infrastructure push". GNS News. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  50. ^ www.ETGovernment.com. "Madhya Pradesh: Bifurcation of Bhopal Municipal Corporation not a cakewalk, say experts - ET Government". ETGovernment.com. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  51. ^ Ayub, Jamal (9 October 2019). "Govt plans to divide Bhopal civic body into 2 corporation". The Times of India. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  52. ^ "Census India" (PDF).
  53. ^ "zonesofbhopalmunicipalcorporation - slumsbhopal". sites.google.com. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  54. ^ "Bhopal: Fate of 85 municipal wards to be decided today". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  55. ^ "Council". Bhopal Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  56. ^ "Municipal Corporation act 1961" (PDF). India code.nic.
  57. ^ Pioneer, The. "BMC chairman holds ward committee meet". The Pioneer. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  58. ^ "Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act 1956" (PDF).
  59. ^ "Home". Bhopal Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  60. ^ Gupta, Suchana (25 September 2019). "MP cabinet approves amendment for indirect election of mayors". The Times of India. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  61. ^ "Bhopal: Municipal ward reservation, a litmus test for politicians". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  62. ^ "Bhopal Mayor". Bhopal Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original on 31 October 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  63. ^ Such; Sep 25, ana Gupta / TNN /; 2019; Ist, 23:04. "MP cabinet approves amendment for indirect election of mayors | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 6 November 2020. {{cite web}}: |last3= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  64. ^ "Telephones". Bhopal Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  65. ^ "Bhopal: BMC inks MoU with NTPC to turn waste into energy". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  66. ^ "Bhopal Municipal Financial Statement Balance Sheet 2019-2020" (PDF). Bhopal Municipal.
  67. ^ "Bhopal Municipal Budget : नामांतरण नहीं कराया तो नगर निगम वसूल करेगा 10 से 15 प्रतिशत का अधिभार". Nai Dunia (in Hindi). 29 June 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  68. ^ "About BDA Page". www.bda.org.in. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  69. ^ "Madhya Pradesh Madhya Kshetra Vidyut Vitaran Company Limited".
  70. ^ "Madhya Pradesh: Expect electricity tariff hike sometime soon as power companies propose hike of 7%". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  71. ^ "Fire Brigade And Transport Department". Bhopal Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  72. ^ "Bhopal municipal corporation orders fire safety review of hospitals, Covid centres". The Times of India. 10 August 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  73. ^ "BMA-Sambhavna-Bhopal-Water-Report" (PDF).
  74. ^ a b "Assessment of potability of different water sources at Bhopal city" (PDF).
  75. ^ "Bhopal: Irregular water supply leaves many colonies high and dry". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  76. ^ "Water and sanitation in urban areas of Madhya Pradesh". webcache.googleusercontent.com. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  77. ^ Parihar, Rajeev Singh; Ahmed, Sirajuddin; Baredar, Prashant; Sharma, Anil; Ravi Kiran, Tatavarthy (27 February 2018). "MSWM in Bhopal city: a critical analysis and a roadmap for its sustainable management". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer. 172 (2): 83–95. doi:10.1680/jmuen.17.00011. ISSN 0965-0903.
  78. ^ 21 Aug, TNN /; 2018; Ist, 12:50. "In 'Swachh' Bhopal, only 1.5% waste segregated | Bhopal News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 6 November 2020. {{cite web}}: |last2= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  79. ^ "Health And Environment". Bhopal Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  80. ^ a b "Bhopal: BMC fails to ensure segregation of roadside waste". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  81. ^ 8 Oct, TNN /; 2017; Ist, 00:24. "Adampur to become landfill site from Dec | Bhopal News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 6 November 2020. {{cite web}}: |last2= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  82. ^ Staff Reporter (4 October 2019). "India's first e-waste clinic to be set up in Bhopal". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  83. ^ "First e-waste clinic opens in Bhopal".
  84. ^ "Waste water treatment in Bhopal". numerical.co.in. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  85. ^ "Water and sanitation in urban areas of Madhya Pradesh". webcache.googleusercontent.com. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  86. ^ "Bhopal: Lakes lose out to water pollution, poor sewer network". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  87. ^ "Bhopal: BMC begins to clean up drains ahead of monsoon". The Times of India. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  88. ^ 14 May 2020. "Bhopal: BMC begins to clean up drains ahead of monsoon". The Times of India. Retrieved 6 November 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  89. ^ Ayub, Jamal (6 March 2020). "After 25-year wait, Bhopal finally gets a masterplan | Bhopal News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  90. ^ "Home – Bhopal Municipal Corporation". Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  91. ^ Nair, Ajesh. "Annual Survey of India's City-Systems" (PDF). Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  92. ^ Bhopal, Ijtema. "Ijtema". Archived from the original on 11 January 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  93. ^ "Bhopal: LGBTQ's Pride Parade from July 1 to 15". Freepressjournal. Archived from the original on 19 July 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  94. ^ "FILM FEST EKAGRA BEGINS AT BHARAT BHAVAN". Dailypioneer. 12 October 2017. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  95. ^ "Bhopal industries". Archived from the original on 26 April 2008. Retrieved 10 April 2007.
  96. ^ "Zari and Batua". Archived from the original on 6 April 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
  97. ^ Kumar Shakti Shekhar (10 July 2005). "Chamber of Secrets translated into Hindi". NDTV. Bhopal. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  98. ^ "Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Bhopal". bhelbhopal.com. Archived from the original on 31 August 2012.
  99. ^ "Association of Industries – MANDIDEEP". mandideep.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  100. ^ Madslien, Jorn (2 December 2009). "Industrial success fails to lift Bhopal". BBC News. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  101. ^ "Indore, Bhopal to have international connectivity soon". ZeeNews.com. 15 January 2008. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
  102. ^ "IndiGo to start non-stop daily flight between Bhopal-Hyderabad and Jabalpur-Hyderabad soon". timesnownews.com. 29 November 2018. Archived from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  103. ^ "Air India to run flights from Bhopal to Pune, Hyderabad". indiatoday.intoday.com. 10 May 2016. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  104. ^ "India will soon have world class railway stations: Railway Ministry". Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  105. ^ "Interstare Bus Terminus". Archived from the original on 26 May 2007. Retrieved 16 March 2007.
  106. ^ "ISBT starts services, passengers face inconvenience". Daily Pioneer. 2 September 2011. Archived from the original on 23 April 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  107. ^ "BRTS in Bhopal to be completed by Feb 2011, says Gaur". ZeeNews.com. 30 March 2010. Archived from the original on 13 July 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  108. ^ "Bhopal Metro to be named after Raja Bhoj, announces Kamal Nath". Mint. 26 September 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
  109. ^ "Bhopal Metro To Be Called "Bhoj Metro" After Indian King "Raja Bhoj": Kamal Nath". NDTV.com. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
  110. ^ "Bhopal, Indore to have Metro Rail soon". Thaindian News. Archived from the original on 5 March 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  111. ^ "KVS Directory | Kendriya Vidyalaya Sanghatan, Government of India". Kendriya Vidyalaya Sanghatan | Government of India. Government of India. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  112. ^ "Best ICSE School in India, Top 10 ICSE schools in India". sanskaarvalley.org. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  113. ^ Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka Archived 8 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine UNESCO
  114. ^ "Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka". World Heritage Site. Archived from the original on 8 March 2007. Retrieved 15 February 2007.
  115. ^ A House of Tribal Tradition- Bhopal Archived 9 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine India Today

Further reading

  • Sinha, Indra (2007). Animal's People. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4165-7878-9.
  • Lapierre, Dominique (2002). Five Past Midnight in Bhopal. Warner Books. ISBN 0-7432-2035-8.
  • Khan, Shaharyar (2000). Begums of Bhopal, A Dynasty of Women Rulers in Raj India (illustrated ed.). I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-528-0.
  • Singh, J.P. (1998). City Planning in India: A Study of Land Use of Bhopal. Mittal Publications, India. ISBN 81-7099-705-4.
  • Shrivastava, Paul (1987). Bhopal: Anatomy of a Crisis. Paul Chapman, London.
  • Howgh, William (2006). A Brief History of the Bhopal Principality in Central India. Hesperides Press. ISBN 1-4067-1225-6.
  • Mittal, Kamal (1990). History of Bhopal State: Development of Constitution, Administration and National Awakening, 1901–1949. South Asia Books. ISBN 99903-0-915-9.
  • D'Silva, Themistocles (2006). The Black Box of Bhopal. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 1-4120-8412-1.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bhopal.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Bhopal.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Bhopal.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhopal&oldid=1004625015"