Voiced bilabial affricate
| Voiced bilabial affricate | |
|---|---|
| b͡β | |
| b͜β | |
| bβ | |
| Audio sample | |
A voiced bilabial affricate ([b͡β] in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a bilabial stop [b] and released as a voiced bilabial fricative [β]. It has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language.
Features
Features of the voiced bilabial affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | Broad Cockney[1] | [rub] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈɹ̠ɐˑb͡β] | 'rub' | Sporadic allophone of /b/.[2] See English phonology |
| Received Pronunciation[3] | Rare allophone of /b/.[3] See English phonology | ||||
| Scouse[4] | [ˈɹ̠ʊˑb͡β] | Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of /b/.[4] See English phonology | |||
| Shipibo[5] | ? | [ˈb͡βo̽ko̽] | 'small intestine' | Possible realization of /β/.[5] | |
References
- ^ Wells (1982), pp. 322–323.
- ^ Wells (1982), p. 323.
- ^ a b Gimson (2014), p. 172.
- ^ a b Wells (1982), p. 372.
- ^ a b Valenzuela, Márquez Pinedo & Maddieson (2001).
Bibliography
- Gimson, Alfred Charles (2014), Cruttenden, Alan (ed.), Gimson's Pronunciation of English (8th ed.), Routledge, ISBN 9781444183092
- Valenzuela, Pilar M.; Márquez Pinedo, Luis; Maddieson, Ian (2001), "Shipibo", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 31 (2): 281–285, doi:10.1017/S0025100301002109
- Wells, John C. (1982). "Accents of English 2: The British Isles". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24224-X.
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