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== Reception ==
== Reception ==
In 2019, Georg Pichler of ''[[Der Standard]]'', and other news sources, quoted [[Edward Snowden]] saying on Twitter, "If I were configuring a smartphone today, I'd use Daniel Micay's GrapheneOS as the base operating system."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000109011151/wie-edward-snowden-sein-smartphone-einrichten-wuerde|title=Wie Edward Snowden sein Smartphone einrichten würde|trans-title=How Edward Snowden would set up his smartphone|first=Georg|last=Pichler|website=[[Der Standard]]|language=de-AT|date=24 September 2019|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.larepublica.co/internet-economy/edward-snowden-da-a-conocer-las-condiciones-de-seguridad-para-usar-su-smartphone-2916554|title=Edward Snowden da a conocer las condiciones de seguridad para usar su smartphone|trans-title=Edward Snowden reveals the security conditions to use his smartphone|website={{ill|La República (Colombia)|es|lt=La República}}|language=es|date=2 October 2019|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.futurezone.de/digital-life/article227371133/Abhoersicheres-Handy-Edward-Snowden-zeigt-dir-seine-Tricks.html|title= Abhörsicheres Handy: Edward Snowden zeigt dir seine Tricks |trans-title=Tap-proof mobile phone: Edward Snowden shows you his tricks|website=Futurezone.de|language=de|date=13 December 2019|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref> In discussing why services should not force users to install proprietary apps, Lennart Mühlenmeier of [[netzpolitik.org]] suggested GrapheneOS as an alternative to Apple or Google.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://netzpolitik.org/2019/warum-post-bank-und-co-ihre-kunden-nicht-zwingen-sollten-apps-zu-benutzen/|title=Warum Post, Bank und Co. ihre Kunden nicht zwingen sollten, Apps zu benutzen|trans-title=Why Post, Bank and Co. shouldn't force their customers to use apps|last=Mühlenmeier|first=Lennart|date=19 July 2019|website=[[netzpolitik.org]]|language=de-DE|access-date=18 November 2019}}</ref> ''Svět Mobilně'' and ''Webtekno'' repeated the suggestions that GrapheneOS is a good security- and privacy-oriented replacement for standard Android.<ref name="Svět mobilně" /><ref name="Webtekno" /> In a detailed review of GrapheneOS for [[Golem.de]], Moritz Tremmel and Sebastian Grüner said they were able to use GrapheneOS similarly to other Android, but enjoying more freedom from Google, without noticing differences from "additional memory protection, but that's the way it should be."{{efn|{{lang-de|<q>Die Google-Freiheit genießen wir, von dem zusätzlichen Speicherschutz bekommen wir nichts mit, aber so soll es ja auch sein.</q>|link=no}}}} They concluded GrapheneOS cannot change how "Android devices become garbage after three years at the latest"{{efn|{{lang-de|<q>Daher werden die meisten frisch eingeführten Android-Geräte aus einer Sicherheitsperspektive spätestens nach drei Jahren zu Müll.</q>|link=no}}}}, but "It can better secure the devices during their remaining life while protecting privacy."{{efn|{{lang-de|<q>Es kann die Geräte während ihrer verbleibenden Laufzeit besser absichern und gleichzeitig die Privatsphäre schützen.</q>|link=no}}}}<ref name="golem-2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.golem.de/news/grapheneos-ein-gehaertetes-android-ohne-google-bitte-1912-145383.html|title=GrapheneOS: Ein gehärtetes Android ohne Google, bitte|trans-title=GrapheneOS: A hardened Android without Google, please|website=[[Golem.de]]|language=de-DE|date=11 December 2019|access-date=13 December 2019|first1=Moritz|last1=Tremmel|first2=Sebastian|last2=Grüner}}</ref>
In 2019, Georg Pichler of ''[[Der Standard]]'', and other news sources, quoted [[Edward Snowden]] saying on Twitter, "If I were configuring a smartphone today, I'd use Daniel Micay's GrapheneOS as the base operating system."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000109011151/wie-edward-snowden-sein-smartphone-einrichten-wuerde|title=Wie Edward Snowden sein Smartphone einrichten würde|trans-title=How Edward Snowden would set up his smartphone|first=Georg|last=Pichler|website=[[Der Standard]]|language=de-AT|date=24 September 2019|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.larepublica.co/internet-economy/edward-snowden-da-a-conocer-las-condiciones-de-seguridad-para-usar-su-smartphone-2916554|title=Edward Snowden da a conocer las condiciones de seguridad para usar su smartphone|trans-title=Edward Snowden reveals the security conditions to use his smartphone|website={{ill|La República (Colombia)|es|lt=La República}}|language=es|date=2 October 2019|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.futurezone.de/digital-life/article227371133/Abhoersicheres-Handy-Edward-Snowden-zeigt-dir-seine-Tricks.html|title= Abhörsicheres Handy: Edward Snowden zeigt dir seine Tricks |trans-title=Tap-proof mobile phone: Edward Snowden shows you his tricks|website=Futurezone.de|language=de|date=13 December 2019|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref> In discussing why services should not force users to install proprietary apps, Lennart Mühlenmeier of [[netzpolitik.org]] suggested GrapheneOS as an alternative to Apple or Google.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://netzpolitik.org/2019/warum-post-bank-und-co-ihre-kunden-nicht-zwingen-sollten-apps-zu-benutzen/|title=Warum Post, Bank und Co. ihre Kunden nicht zwingen sollten, Apps zu benutzen|trans-title=Why Post, Bank and Co. shouldn't force their customers to use apps|last=Mühlenmeier|first=Lennart|date=19 July 2019|website=[[netzpolitik.org]]|language=de-DE|access-date=18 November 2019}}</ref> ''Svět Mobilně'' and ''Webtekno'' repeated the suggestions that GrapheneOS is a good security- and privacy-oriented replacement for standard Android.<ref name="Svět mobilně" /><ref name="Webtekno" /> In a detailed review of GrapheneOS for [[Golem.de]], Moritz Tremmel and Sebastian Grüner said they were able to use GrapheneOS similarly to other Android, but enjoying more freedom from Google, without noticing differences from "additional memory protection, but that's the way it should be."{{efn|{{lang-de|<q>Die Google-Freiheit genießen wir, von dem zusätzlichen Speicherschutz bekommen wir nichts mit, aber so soll es ja auch sein.</q>|link=no}}}} They concluded GrapheneOS cannot change how "Android devices become garbage after three years at the latest"{{efn|{{lang-de|<q>Daher werden die meisten frisch eingeführten Android-Geräte aus einer Sicherheitsperspektive spätestens nach drei Jahren zu Müll.</q>|link=no}}}}, but "It can better secure the devices during their remaining life while protecting privacy."{{efn|{{lang-de|<q>Es kann die Geräte während ihrer verbleibenden Laufzeit besser absichern und gleichzeitig die Privatsphäre schützen.</q>|link=no}}}}<ref name="golem-2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.golem.de/news/grapheneos-ein-gehaertetes-android-ohne-google-bitte-1912-145383.html|title=GrapheneOS: Ein gehärtetes Android ohne Google, bitte|trans-title=GrapheneOS: A hardened Android without Google, please|website=[[Golem.de]]|language=de-DE|date=11 December 2019|access-date=13 December 2019|first1=Moritz|last1=Tremmel|first2=Sebastian|last2=Grüner}}</ref>

In April 2022, Jan-Keno Janssen of ''[[heise online]]'' for ''[[c't]]'' stated GrapheneOS' approach of running [[Google Play]] services differently without [[Superuser|system level access]] "works quite well",{{efn|{{lang-de|<q>GrapheneOS hat einen anderen Ansatz: Hier laufen die originalen Play-Dienste – aber in einer abgesicherten Umgebung ohne Zugriff auf die Systemebene. Das funktioniert ziemlich gut.</q>|link=no}}}} and said the operating system's focus on security is "uncompromising".{{efn|{{lang-de|<q>Insgesamt ist GrapheneOS das Custom-ROM, was am kompromisslosesten auf Sicherheit setzt.</q>|link=no}}}}{{efn|{{lang-de|<q>Diese drei OSse wären auch meine Empfehlungen: Graphene oder CalyxOS, wenn ihr kompromisslose Sicherheit wollt und ein Pixel-Smartphone habt, /e/OS für alle anderen.</q>|link=no}}}}<ref name="heise-202204">{{Cite web |url=https://www.heise.de/news/c-t-3003-Ent-googletes-Android-dank-Calyx-e-Graphene-Lineage-Volla-6682371.html |title= c't 3003: Ent-googletes Android dank Calyx, /e/, Graphene, Lineage & Volla |date=15 April 2022 |website=[[heise online]] |language=de |trans-title=c't 3003: Un-googled Android thanks to Calyx, /e/, Graphene, Lineage & Volla |access-date=28 June 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415150630/https://www.heise.de/news/c-t-3003-Ent-googletes-Android-dank-Calyx-e-Graphene-Lineage-Volla-6682371.html |archive-date=15 April 2022}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 11:22, 28 June 2022

GrapheneOS
GrapheneOS logo
DeveloperGrapheneOS team
OS familyAndroid (Linux)
Working stateCurrent
Source modelOpen source with proprietary components (firmware)
Initial release2019; 5 years ago (2019)
Latest release2024061400[1] Edit this on Wikidata / 14 June 2024
Repository
Marketing targetPrivacy/Security-focused smartphones
Update methodOver-the-air (OTA) or locally
Package managerAPK-based
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux)
LicenseMIT, Apache License, various permissive open source
Official websitegrapheneos.org Edit this at Wikidata

GrapheneOS is an Android-based, security-hardened, privacy focused, open-source, mobile operating system for selected smartphones,[2][3][4] and is compatible with several Google Pixel smartphones.[5][6][7]

History

See also: CopperheadOS § History

The main developer, Daniel Micay, originally worked on CopperheadOS until a schism between the co-founders of Copperhead Limited in 2018.[8][9] After the incident, Micay wanted to continue the development of the open source parts of CopperheadOS as well as the Android Hardening project.[8] Later in 2019, the Android Hardening project rebranded as GrapheneOS.[5][10]

According to the GrapheneOS primary developer, they request CalyxOS and bromite developers not to use any GrapheneOS sources.[11][12][user-generated source][dubious – discuss]

In February 2022, GrapheneOS announced it "will be partnering with a device manufacturer" to sell pre-loaded phones, but no details were given.[13]

In March 2022, GrapheneOS released Android 12L for Pixels before Google did.[14] GrapheneOS applications Secure Camera and Secure PDF Viewer were released to the Google Play Store.[15]

Features

According to an overview by Alessandro Mascellino of Android Police, GrapheneOS includes enhancements to Android's security and privacy features including sandboxing, exploit mitigations and more granular control of permissions.[16][third-party source needed] A variant of the Chromium web browser (named Vanadium) hardened by GrapheneOS is built-in.[8][a][16]

Compatibility

GrapheneOS supports the most recent smartphone models in the Google Pixel product line until they no longer receive updates from Google.[8]

Reception

In 2019, Georg Pichler of Der Standard, and other news sources, quoted Edward Snowden saying on Twitter, "If I were configuring a smartphone today, I'd use Daniel Micay's GrapheneOS as the base operating system."[17][18][19] In discussing why services should not force users to install proprietary apps, Lennart Mühlenmeier of netzpolitik.org suggested GrapheneOS as an alternative to Apple or Google.[20] Svět Mobilně and Webtekno repeated the suggestions that GrapheneOS is a good security- and privacy-oriented replacement for standard Android.[6][7] In a detailed review of GrapheneOS for Golem.de, Moritz Tremmel and Sebastian Grüner said they were able to use GrapheneOS similarly to other Android, but enjoying more freedom from Google, without noticing differences from "additional memory protection, but that's the way it should be."[b] They concluded GrapheneOS cannot change how "Android devices become garbage after three years at the latest"[c], but "It can better secure the devices during their remaining life while protecting privacy."[d][8]

In April 2022, Jan-Keno Janssen of heise online for c't stated GrapheneOS' approach of running Google Play services differently without system level access "works quite well",[e] and said the operating system's focus on security is "uncompromising".[f][g][21]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Releases | GrapheneOS". 14 June 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  2. ^ "Doing these 6 difficult things may make your smartphone 'hack proof'". The Times of India. 23 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  3. ^ Collado, Christian (11 June 2019). "GrapheneOS, otra alternativa a Android compatible con sus apps y enfocada en la seguridad" [GrapheneOS, another alternative to Android compatible with its apps and focused on security]. Andro4all (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  4. ^ "Maximális biztonságra gyúr az Android-alapú GrapheneOS" [Maximum Security in Android-based GrapheneOS]. Origo (in Hungarian). 5 April 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  5. ^ a b Baader, Hans-Joachim (9 April 2019). "Android Hardening wird zu GrapheneOS" [Android Hardening becomes GrapheneOS]. Pro-Linux [de] (in German). Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  6. ^ a b Šlik, Jáchym (6 April 2019). "GrapheneOS chce napravit bezpečnostní prohřešky Androidu" [GrapheneOS wants to fix Android security violations]. Svět Mobilně (in Czech). Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  7. ^ a b Kalelioğlu, Eray (3 April 2019). "Android Tabanlı İşletim Sistemi 'GrapheneOS' ile Tanışın" [Meet the GrapheneOS Android-Based Operating System]. Webtekno (in Turkish). Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  8. ^ a b c d e Tremmel, Moritz; Grüner, Sebastian (11 December 2019). "GrapheneOS: Ein gehärtetes Android ohne Google, bitte" [GrapheneOS: A hardened Android without Google, please]. Golem.de (in German). Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  9. ^ Chua, Vaughn (3 April 2019). "GrapheneOS is a security and privacy focused mobile operating system". YugaTech. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
  10. ^ Mathur, Natasha (29 March 2019). "AndroidHardening project renamed to GrapheneOS to reflect progress and expansion of the project". Packt Hub. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  11. ^ thestinger (2 November 2021). "GrapheneOS android-prepare-vendor Android 12 port must not be used by CalyxOS · Issue #78 · AOSPAlliance/android-prepare-vendor". GitHub. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.[user-generated source]
  12. ^ thestinger (15 June 2022). "Please remove all code from Vanadium and GrapheneOS project members · Issue #2141 · bromite/bromite". GitHub. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 20 June 2022 suggested (help)[user-generated source]
  13. ^ Wright, Arol (8 February 2022). "A secure, Google-less phone with GrapheneOS out of the box could soon grace the market". Android Police. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  14. ^ Peckham, James (10 March 2022). "GrapheneOS already offers Android 12L for your Google Pixel". Android Police. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  15. ^ Hazarika, Skanda (4 March 2022). "GrapheneOS brings its camera and PDF viewer apps to the Play Store". XDA. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  16. ^ a b Mascellino, Alessandro (16 June 2022). "What is GrapheneOS and how does it improve privacy and security?". Android Police. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  17. ^ Pichler, Georg (24 September 2019). "Wie Edward Snowden sein Smartphone einrichten würde" [How Edward Snowden would set up his smartphone]. Der Standard (in Austrian German). Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  18. ^ "Edward Snowden da a conocer las condiciones de seguridad para usar su smartphone" [Edward Snowden reveals the security conditions to use his smartphone]. La República [es] (in Spanish). 2 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  19. ^ "Abhörsicheres Handy: Edward Snowden zeigt dir seine Tricks" [Tap-proof mobile phone: Edward Snowden shows you his tricks]. Futurezone.de (in German). 13 December 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  20. ^ Mühlenmeier, Lennart (19 July 2019). "Warum Post, Bank und Co. ihre Kunden nicht zwingen sollten, Apps zu benutzen" [Why Post, Bank and Co. shouldn't force their customers to use apps]. netzpolitik.org (in German). Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  21. ^ "c't 3003: Ent-googletes Android dank Calyx, /e/, Graphene, Lineage & Volla" [c't 3003: Un-googled Android thanks to Calyx, /e/, Graphene, Lineage & Volla]. heise online (in German). 15 April 2022. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.

Notes

  1. ^ German: Dort geht es eher beschaulich zu: Neben den Standard-Android-Apps zum Telefonieren und SMS-Versenden finden wir eine Kamera-App sowie den Browser Vanadium vor. Letzterer basiert auf Chromium, der von den Graphene-Entwicklern gehärtet wurde.
  2. ^ German: Die Google-Freiheit genießen wir, von dem zusätzlichen Speicherschutz bekommen wir nichts mit, aber so soll es ja auch sein.
  3. ^ German: Daher werden die meisten frisch eingeführten Android-Geräte aus einer Sicherheitsperspektive spätestens nach drei Jahren zu Müll.
  4. ^ German: Es kann die Geräte während ihrer verbleibenden Laufzeit besser absichern und gleichzeitig die Privatsphäre schützen.
  5. ^ German: GrapheneOS hat einen anderen Ansatz: Hier laufen die originalen Play-Dienste – aber in einer abgesicherten Umgebung ohne Zugriff auf die Systemebene. Das funktioniert ziemlich gut.
  6. ^ German: Insgesamt ist GrapheneOS das Custom-ROM, was am kompromisslosesten auf Sicherheit setzt.
  7. ^ German: Diese drei OSse wären auch meine Empfehlungen: Graphene oder CalyxOS, wenn ihr kompromisslose Sicherheit wollt und ein Pixel-Smartphone habt, /e/OS für alle anderen.
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