Eurovision Song Contest 2010: Difference between revisions
Sims2aholic8 (talk | contribs) |
|||
Line 1,177: | Line 1,177: | ||
* {{flag|Estonia}} – [[Rolf Junior]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publik.delfi.ee/news/eurovisioon/article.php?id=31120081|title=http://publik.delfi.ee/news/eurovisioon/article.php?id=31120081|date=2010-05-26|publisher=Publik.ee|accessdate=2010-05-18|language=[[Estonian]]}}</ref> |
* {{flag|Estonia}} – [[Rolf Junior]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publik.delfi.ee/news/eurovisioon/article.php?id=31120081|title=http://publik.delfi.ee/news/eurovisioon/article.php?id=31120081|date=2010-05-26|publisher=Publik.ee|accessdate=2010-05-18|language=[[Estonian]]}}</ref> |
||
* {{flag|Finland}} – Johanna Pirttilahti<ref>{{cite web|http://www.iltalehti.fi/euroviisut/2010052411681263_ev.shtml|title=Euroviisut: Sillanpään ruutupaitamoka ei toistu!|date=2010-05-24|publisher=Iltalehti|accessdate=2010-05-27}}</ref> |
* {{flag|Finland}} – Johanna Pirttilahti<ref>{{cite web|http://www.iltalehti.fi/euroviisut/2010052411681263_ev.shtml|title=Euroviisut: Sillanpään ruutupaitamoka ei toistu!|date=2010-05-24|publisher=Iltalehti|accessdate=2010-05-27}}</ref> |
||
* {{flag|France}} – Audrey Chauveau |
|||
* {{flag|Georgia}} – Mariam Vashadze |
* {{flag|Georgia}} – Mariam Vashadze |
||
* {{flag|Germany}} – [[Hape Kerkeling]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eurovision.ndr.de/hintergruende/deutschejury102.html |title=Die deutsche Jury beim ESC – Das Erste: Eurovision Song Contest – Hintergründe |publisher=Eurovision.ndr.de |date= |accessdate=2010-05-30}}</ref> |
* {{flag|Germany}} – [[Hape Kerkeling]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eurovision.ndr.de/hintergruende/deutschejury102.html |title=Die deutsche Jury beim ESC – Das Erste: Eurovision Song Contest – Hintergründe |publisher=Eurovision.ndr.de |date= |accessdate=2010-05-30}}</ref> |
Revision as of 11:46, 30 May 2010
Eurovision Song Contest 2010 | |
---|---|
"Share The Moment" | |
Dates | |
Semi-final 1 | 25 May 2010 |
Semi-final 2 | 27 May 2010 |
Final | 29 May 2010 |
Host | |
Venue | Telenor Arena, Bærum, Norway[1] |
Presenter(s) | Erik Solbakken Haddy N'jie Nadia Hasnaoui[2] |
Host broadcaster | NRK |
Website | eurovision |
Participants | |
Number of entries | 39[3] |
Debuting countries | None |
Returning countries | Georgia |
Non-returning countries | Andorra Czech Republic Hungary Montenegro |
Vote | |
Winning song | Germany "Satellite" |
The Eurovision Song Contest 2010 was the 55th annual Eurovision Song Contest, broadcast from the Telenor Arena in Fornebu, a suburb of Oslo, Norway. It was the third time Norway has hosted the contest, having previously done so in 1986 and 1996 and was a result of Alexander Rybak's win at the 2009 Contest with "Fairytale". The 2010 winner was Germany with Lena singing Satellite written by Americans Julie Frost and Dane John Gordon.[4] Second place went to Turkey, third to Romania, fourth to Denmark, and fifth to Azerbaijan.
The semi-finals took place on 25 and 27 May 2010 and the final took place on 29 May 2010.[1][5] The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) announced that the voting system used in the semi-finals would change from previous years to balance jury voting with televoting. A return of accompaniment by orchestra was also proposed but did not happen.
Thirty-nine countries had taken part in the contest,[3] with Georgia[6] returning to the contest and Andorra,[7] the Czech Republic,[8][9] Hungary,[10] and Montenegro[11][12] withdrawing. Lithuania originally announced its withdrawal from the competition, but was later among the 39 participants confirmed by the EBU.[3][13] A recent global financial crisis affected how the event was run. NRK sold its rights to 2010 FIFA World Cup to a rival broadcaster to finance its hosting of the Eurovision Song Contest 2010.[14] With 246 points, Germany was named the winner of the contest. It was their second win after 28 years and the first time since 1997 that a Big 4 country won the contest.
Venue
150 million Norwegian kroner (€17 million) was originally the venue budget agreed upon by Trond Giske and Hans-Tore Bjerkaas, respectively the Norwegian Minister for Culture and the head of Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK).[15][16] This represents a larger budget than that allotted in the 2007 Contest in Helsinki, but is not as much as the budget in Moscow for 2009.[15] The revised estimated cost for the concert now stands at 211 million kroner (€24 million).[17] At a press conference in Oslo on 27 May 2009, it was announced that the show was to be held in the Oslo metropolitan area. NRK argued that Oslo was the only city with the required capacity, venues, and infrastructure to hold the show. On 3 July 2009, it was decided that the venue would be the newly constructed Telenor Arena, in the municipality of Bærum neighbouring Oslo.[18] The Oslo Spektrum was ruled out to host the contest due to its smaller size and capacity.[1]
Visual design
NRK announced the theme art, slogan and design for the Contest on 4 December 2009, during the Host City Insignia Exchange between the Mayors of Moscow, Oslo and Bærum, marking the official kick-off of the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 season.[19] The theme art, a series of intersecting circles, was selected to "represent gathering people and the diversity of emotions surrounding the Eurovision Song Contest."[20] In addition to the base colour of white, the logo was created in black, gold, and pink.[21] A preview of the stage design was released on 6 May 2010, featuring no LED screens, opting instead for various other lighting techniques.[22]
Presenters
NRK announced the hosts of the contest on 10 March 2010. Those chosen were Erik Solbakken, Haddy Jatou N'jie, and Nadia Hasnaoui. Solbakken and N'jie opened the three shows, introduced the artists, and reported from the green room during the voting, with Hasnaoui presenting the voting section and scoreboard announcements.[2][23] This was the second time that more than two hosts were presenting the shows, after the 1999 Contest.
Format
Voting
On 11 October 2009 the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) announced that the format of the semi-finals was to be changed so that the results would be determined by a combination of 50% national jury and 50% televoting, making it more consistent with the final. Each country's votes were determined by combining the jury votes and the televoting results; the countries with the top ten highest points in each semi-final then qualify to participate in the final of the contest.[24] This replaces the semi-final format used in the 2008 and 2009 contests in which the countries with the top nine highest points from the televoting results in each semi-final qualified for the final. The tenth semi-final place was then given to the country with the highest number of points from the jury's votes which had not already qualified for the final from the televoting results.[25] On 26 October 2009 the EBU announced that the voting would be open throughout the competition and would conclude 15 minutes after the end of the very last song.[26]
Possible return of the orchestra
A number of fans began a campaign on social networking site Facebook for the return of an orchestra to the contest in Oslo, for the first time since 1998, with more than 5,000 people joining [27] An orchestra, which had been used since the first contest in 1956, was dropped after the 1998 contest due to rapid developments in music technology, which made backing tracks more useful.[28][29] Jan Fredrik Heyerdahl of the Norwegian Radio Orchestra said that they were interested in participating in the 2010 Contest if the EBU and NRK approved the return of an orchestra.[28][29] No such change to the contest has been approved.
Interval
During the interval act, pre-recorded flashmobs from all across Europe, mostly dancing, were shown, intercut with webcam footage from individual private households. Peter Svaar, Head of Press for the contest on behalf of broadcaster NRK, said: "We want to share the Eurovision Song Contest, rather than just broadcast it."[30] The seven and a half minute long song, called "Glow", was produced and co-written by the the ELEMENT team and performed and co-written by Madcon.[31]
Pot allocations
On Sunday 7 February 2010, the draw to decide which countries were to appear in either the first or second semi-final took place. Participating countries were separated into five pots as determined by voting patterns in previous contests. A draw then took place from the five pots to determine which countries participated in the first semi-final or second semi-final, as well as which half of the draw they performed in, in order for delegations to know when rehearsals were to begin for their respective countries. The draw also determined which semi-final the "Big Four" countries (France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom) and the host country, Norway, would have voting rights in.[32][33] The draw for the running order of the semi-finals, finals, and the order of voting, took place on 23 March 2010.[3]
Pot 1 | Pot 2 | Pot 3 | Pot 4 | Pot 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Participating countries
A total of 39 countries confirmed their participation for the 2010 Eurovision Song Contest, including Georgia, which returned to the contest after its withdrawal in 2009 when its entry, "We Don't Wanna Put In", was disallowed owing to political references which violated contest rules.[6]
The EBU announced that they would work harder to bring back Austria, Italy, and Monaco to the 2010 Contest.[34] In September 2009 the EBU's director Bjørn Erichsen stated during an EBU press conference that "Austria will be back", and that the EBU "has reasons to believe that Luxembourg and Monaco" were also to participate and that "now we are only missing Italy".[35][36][37] In late October 2009, the 2010 Contest project manager Ola Sand has stated that "countries such as Monaco and Luxembourg have indicated that they wish to participate in next year's competition in Norway".[35][38] However, the representatives of broadcasters of Austria, Monaco and Luxembourg denied participation in the 2010 contest. Wolfgang Lorenz, the programme director of the Austrian broadcaster Österreichischer Rundfunk (ORF), informed Austria would not take part in the competition stating that the contest has been "ruined by the regulations".[39] Télé Monte Carlo (TMC) has also declared that Monaco would not be returning to the Eurovision Song Contest for the 2010 Edition, mainly due to a lack of finances to send a Monegasque entry.[40] The RTL Group had announced that they were having serious discussions regarding a possible comeback for Luxembourg in the contest for the first time since 1993, but later confirmed that the country would not be present for the 2010 Contest either.[41] San Marino also considered returning to the competition in 2010. However after deliberations with Italian artists, including Italian sister duo Paola & Chiara, Sammarinnese broadcaster Radiotelevisione della Repubblica di San Marino (SMRTV) was informed to withhold returning after failing to receive funding from the Sammarinnese parliament or sponsors.[42]
EBU had talks to Liechtenstein's only broadcaster 1FLTV (1 Fürstentum Liechtenstein Television) for them to join the EBU, and become a part of the Eurovision Song Contest. 1FLTV's programme director Peter Kolbel had confirmed interest in Liechtenstein's participation in the Eurovision Song Contest as soon as full EBU membership is granted, which may have happened in December 2009. Thus they were getting ready to debut in 2010, considering a national final concept similar to the German version of the Idol series – Deutschland sucht den Superstar (DSDS).[35][43] In November 1FLTV decided against applying for EBU membership in December for financial reasons, ruling out a debut in at the 2010 contest. The broadcaster will now look at other options for funding EBU membership in the future.[44][45]
From July to December 2009, five countries who participated in the 2009 contest announced their withdrawal, and non-participation in the 2010 contest. The Czech Republic declared that it was to withdraw due to a lack of interest from Czech viewers after three successive semi-final failures since their debut in 2007.[8][9]
Andorra's broadcaster Ràdio i Televisió d'Andorra (RTVA) announced a 10% reduction in its spending budget for 2010.[46] RTVA had submitted a preliminary application to take part in the contest.[47] However, being unable to secure extra funds by 11 December 2009, it decided to withdraw from the 2010 Contest.[7] After its withdrawal many former Andorran Eurovision Song Contest contestants expressed their "disappointment" in RTVA's decision to withdraw, and the lack of publicity the country will now receive by not being contestants in the contest.[48] Hungary withdrew from the 2010 Contest, due to financial difficulties of the national broadcaster Magyar Televízió (MTV).[10] Montenegro and the Montenegrin broadcaster Radiotelevizija Crne Gore (RTCG) also withdrew because of financial problems, in a way to reach financial consolidation after three years as an independent state.[11][12]
Lithuania's broadcaster Lithuanian National Radio and Television (LRT) initially announced its formal withdrawal from the contest after failing to achieve the necessary funds of 300,000 litas (€90,000) for participation.[13] It was later confirmed by the EBU that Lithuania would indeed participate in Oslo.[3] Funding was eventually given by Lithuanian company Teo LT, which allowed Lithuania to participate in the contest.[49]
Template:2010 Eurovision Song Contest entries
Results
Semi-finals
Thirty-four countries participated in the semi-finals of the contest. The semi-final allocation draw took place on 7 February 2010, while the draw for the running order was held on 23 March 2010.
To keep tension high, the qualifiers are to be announced in random order, and scores were published online only after the final took place.[50]
Semi-final 1
- The first semi-final took place in Oslo on 25 May 2010.
- The ten countries in this semi-final with the highest scoring points, according to a combination of televotes and jury votes from each voting country, qualified for the final.
- France,[51][52] Germany and Spain voted in this semi-final.[53][54]
Semi-final 2
- The second semi-final took place in Oslo on 27 May 2010.
- The ten countries in this semi-final with the highest scoring points, according to a combination of televotes and jury votes from each voting country, qualified for the final.
- Norway and the United Kingdom voted in this semi-final.[53][54]
Final
- The final took place on 29 May 2010 at 21:00 CEST in Telenor Arena, Bærum, Akershus, Greater Oslo, Norway.
- 'The Big Four' and the host country, Norway, qualified directly for the final.
- From the two semi-finals on 25 and 27 May 2010, twenty countries qualified for the final. A total of twenty-five countries competed in the final.
- The voting system used was similar to what was used in the 2009 contest (with a combination of televotes and jury votes), but viewers were able to vote during the performances; the voting window ended 15 minutes after the conclusion of the songs.
- A ^ Spain was given a second chance to perform after Denmark, following a stage invasion by Jimmy Jump during their performance.
Voting during the final
Countries revealed their votes in the following order:[132]
Scoreboards
Semi-final 1
Semi-final 2
Final
This table could be re-formatted in a way similar to the 2009 score table, and thus may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. |
N. | Recipient nation | Voting nation(s) |
---|---|---|
9 | Germany | Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Norway, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland |
5 | Denmark | Ireland, Iceland, Poland, Romania, Slovenia |
4 | Azerbaijan | Bulgaria, Malta, Turkey, Ukraine |
Greece | Albania, Belgium, Cyprus, United Kingdom | |
3 | Armenia | Israel, Netherlands, Russia |
Turkey | Azerbaijan, Croatia, France | |
2 | Georgia | Armenia, Lithuania |
1 | Albania | Macedonia |
Belarus | Georgia | |
Belgium | Germany | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Serbia | |
Cyprus | Greece | |
Romania | Moldova | |
Russia | Belarus | |
Serbia | Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
Spain | Portugal |
Incidents
The performance of Daniel Diges representing Spain was interrupted by Spanish pitch invader Jaume Marquet Cot, also known as Jimmy Jump. The performance continued as Cot, wearing a barretina, joined in with the carefully choreographed routine, but he ran off when security personnel appeared on the stage. Spain was subsequently allowed to perform their song a second time at the end of the show.
Commentators
This section needs additional citations for verification. (May 2010) |
- Australia – Julia Zemiro and Sam Pang
- Albania – Leon Menkshi
- Armenia – Hrachuhi Utmazyan and Khoren Levonyan
- Azerbaijan – Hüsniyyə Məhərrəmova
- Belarus – Denis Kuryan
- Belgium – André Vermeulen and Bart Peeters (VRT), Jean-Pierre Hautier and Jean-Louis Lahaye (RTBF)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina – Dejan Kukrić
- Bulgaria – Elena Rosberg and Georgi Kushvaliev
- Croatia – Duško Ćurlić
- Cyprus – Nathan Morley (CyBC Radio)
- Denmark – Nikolaj Molbech
- Estonia – Marko Reikop and Sven Lõhmus
- Finland – Jaana Pelkonen, Asko Murtomäki and Tobias Larsson
- France – Peggy Olmi, Yann Renoard (semi-finals), Cyril Hanouna – Stéphane Bern (final)
- Georgia – Jack Smith
- Germany – Peter Urban[133]
- Greece – Rika Vagiani
- Hungary – Zsolt Jeszenszky[134]
- Iceland – Sigmar Guðmundsson
- Ireland – Marty Whelan (television, RTÉ One),[135] Maxi (radio, RTÉ Radio 1)[136]
- Latvia – Kārlis Streips
- Lithuania – Darius Užkuraitis
- Macedonia – Karolina Petkovska
- Malta – Valerie Vella
- Netherlands – Daniël Dekker and Cornald Maas
- Norway – Olav Viksmo-Slettan
- Poland – Artur Orzech
- Portugal – Sérgio Mateus
- Romania – Leonard Miron and Gianina Corondan
- Russia – Dmitry Guberniev and Olga Shelest
- Serbia – Duška Vučinić-Lučić (semi-final 1 and final) and Dragoljub Ilić (semi-final 2 and final)
- Slovakia – Roman Bomboš
- Slovenia – Andrej Hofer
- Spain – José Luis Uribarri
- Sweden – Edward af Sillén and Christine Meltzer[137]
- Switzerland – Sven Epiney
- Turkey – Bülend Özveren
- Ukraine – Tymur Miroshnychenko
- United Kingdom[138] – Graham Norton (TV - BBC One, final), Paddy O'Connell and Sarah Cawood (TV - BBC Three, semi-finals) and Ken Bruce (radio - BBC Radio 2, final)
Spokespersons
This section needs additional citations for verification. |
- Armenia – Nazeni Hovhannisyan
- Belgium – Katja Retsin
- Bosnia and Herzegovina – TBC
- Bulgaria – Desislava Dobreva
- Croatia – Mila Horvat
- Cyprus – Christina Metaxa
- Denmark – Bryan Rice
- Estonia – Rolf Junior[139]
- Finland – Johanna Pirttilahti[140]
- France – Audrey Chauveau
- Georgia – Mariam Vashadze
- Germany – Hape Kerkeling[141]
- Greece – Alexis Kostalas
- Iceland – Jóhanna Guðrún Jónsdóttir
- Ireland – Derek Mooney
- Latvia – Valters Frīdenbergs
- Lithuania – Giedrius Masalskis [142]
- Macedonia – Maja Daniels[143]
- Malta – Chiara Siracusa
- Netherlands – Yolanthe Cabau van Kasbergen
- Norway – Anne Rimmen
- Poland – Aleksandra Rosiak
- Portugal – Ana Galvão [144]
- Romania – Malvina Cservenschi
- Russia – Oxana Fedorova
- Serbia – Maja Nikolić
- Slovenia – Andrea F
- Spain – Ainhoa Arbizu
- Sweden – Eric Saade
- Turkey – Meltem Yazgan
- Ukraine – Iryna Zhuravska
- United Kingdom – Scott Mills[145]
Broadcasting
- Australia
- Even though Australia is not eligible to enter, the contest was broadcast on Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), a free-to-air television station, as in previous years.[146] As in 2009, the coverage featured local commentary and segments from Julia Zemiro and Sam Pang.[147]
- The first semi-final was broadcast on 28 May 2010, the second semi-final on 29 May 2010, and the final on 30 May 2010, with all shows broadcast at 19:30 AEST (09:30 UTC). The final was also be simulcast on a special Digital Radio Channel, set-up by the network, which is currently airing classic Eurovision songs, in the lead-up to the event. SBS also aired the EBU-Produced 'Countdown To Eurovision' specials on 14 May and 21 May at 4 pm.[148]
- For the 2010 contest, SBS broadcast a special TV programme "The A to Z of Eurovision" one week before Eurovision. This programme was a 20 to 1 style show that plays the craziest, campest and most controversial moments of Eurovision with great guests and performers. It also featured as a form guide to find out who was hot that year, and what to look out for the following weekend. The A to Z of Eurovision featured Eurovision performers including Johnny Logan and Dima Bilan as well as Australian celebrities. The show was hosted by Julia Zemiro and Sam Pang.[149]
- New Zealand
- Although New Zealand is not eligible to enter the contest, the contest was broadcast on Triangle TV's satellite channel STRATOS. It broadcast both the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 semi finals as well as the final as a delayed broadcast.[146]
- Hungary
- It was announced at the Reference Group meeting on 22 March 2010 that Hungary would be broadcasting the contest.[150] Duna TV, currently an approved member of the EBU, has been confirmed as broadcasting the contest in Hungary after Magyar Televízió, the current Hungarian broadcaster, pulled out. They have also announced that they will attempt to send a Hungarian entry to the 2011 contest.[151]
- Kazakhstan
- It was announced at the Reference Group meeting on 22 March 2010 that Kazakhstan would be broadcasting the contest.[150]
- Kosovo
- It was announced at the Reference Group meeting on 22 March 2010 that Kosovo would be broadcasting the contest.[150]
- Montenegro
- Despite not participating in 2010's Eurovision Song Contest due to financial trouble, the national broadcaster of Montenegro, RTCG, aired both semi finals and the final live on its main channel RTCG1.[152]
- Worldwide
- The official Eurovision Song Contest website provided a live stream without commentary via the peer to peer medium Octoshape.[153]
- Eurovision 2010 was also broadcast worldwide through European streams such as BVN,[154] RTS SAT,[153] HRT SAT,[153] RTP Internacional,[155] TVE Internacional, TVP Polonia,[156] TRT Avaz,[157] BNT Sat,[158] ERT World[159] and SVT World. Some radio stations such as Bosnian Radio,[160] Croatian Radio[161] and Radio Tirana broadcasted live through their internet websites as well as on their satellite channels.
High-definition broadcasts
For the third time, the contest was broadcast in high-definition. Some countries, through their high-definition channel, allowed their country to watch the contest in HD:
- Denmark – DR HD
- Germany – Das Erste HD
- Israel – Hot HD and yes HD
- Netherlands – Nederland 1 HD
- Norway – NRK HD
- Poland – TVP HD
- Portugal – RTP HD
- Romania – TVR HD
- Serbia – RTS HD
- Sweden – SVT HD
- Turkey – TRT HD
- United Kingdom – BBC HD
Returning artists
Artist | Country | Previous year(s) |
---|---|---|
Niamh Kavanagh | Ireland | 1993 (winner) |
Feminnem | Croatia | 2005 (for Bosnia and Herzegovina) |
References
- ^ a b c Laufer, Gil (2009-07-03). "Telenor Arena to host Eurovision 2010". ESCToday. Retrieved 2009-07-03.
- ^ a b Bakker, Sietse (2010-03-10). "Nadia, Haddy and Erik to host 2010 Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
- ^ a b c d e Bakker, Sietse (2009-12-31). "Exclusive: 39 countries to be represented in Oslo". EBU. Retrieved 2009-12-31.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Schmitt, Peter-Philipp. Frollein Lena im Video und zum Wundern. FAZ.net. 17 March 2010. Accessed 27 March 2010. Template:De icon
- ^ "NRK press conference; host city and dates confirmed". NRK. 2009-05-27. Retrieved 2009-05-27.
- ^ a b Pozzi, Renee (2009-07-18). "Georgia confirms return in Oslo!". ESCTime. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ^ a b Victor, Hondal (2009-12-12). "Definitely, no Andorra in Oslo". ESCToday. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
- ^ a b Hondal, Victor (2009-07-22). "Czech Republic withdraws from Eurovision". ESCToday. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- ^ a b "ČT withdraws from Eurovision 2010". Oikotimes. 2009-07-22. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- ^ a b Hondal, Victor (2009-10-22). "Hungary withdraws from Eurovision Song Contest". ESCToday. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
- ^ a b Hondal, Victor (2009-11-17). "Montenegro withdraws from Eurovision 2010". ESCToday. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
- ^ a b "RTCG withdraws from Eurovision Song Contest". Oikotimes. 2009-11-17. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
- ^ a b Hondal, Victor (2009-12-15). "Lithuania seeking funding for Eurovision 2010". ESCToday. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
- ^ "Eurovision song contest feels the pinch". Reuters India. 2010-05-27. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
- ^ a b Bayliss, Marc Calleja (2009-05-21). "The ship sets sail". Oikotimes. Retrieved 2009-05-22.
- ^ "Norsk MGP-finale vil koste 150 millioner kroner" (in Norwegian). Dagbladet. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "NRK estimates cost of Eurovision Song Contest at 24 mill. Euro". ESC Today. 2010-02-02.
- ^ Bakker, Sietse (2009-07-03). "Breaking news: Fornebu Arena to host Oslo 2010". EBU. Retrieved 2009-07-03.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Siim, Jarmo (2009-11-26). Atlantica is hip hop "Host City Insignia Exchange on December 4". EBU. Retrieved 2009-12-03 03.
{{cite web}}
: Check|url=
value (help); Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Sietse, Bakker (2009-12-04). "Oslo 2010 theme revealed: Share The Moment". EBU. Retrieved 2010-02-27.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "Logo downloads Oslo 2010". EBU and NRK. 2009-12-17. Retrieved 2010-02-27.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "NRK presents Eurovision stage to the press". EBU. 2010-05-06. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Viniker, Barry (2010-03-10). "Eurovision 2010 hosts announced". ESCToday. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
- ^ Bakker, Sietse (2009-10-11). "Exclusive: Juries also get 50% stake in Semi-Final result!". EBU. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Viniker, Barry (2008-12-08). "EBU confirms 50/50 vote for Eurovision Song Contest". ESCToday. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ Bakker, Sietse (2009-10-26). "Oslo 2010: Televoting during entire shows". EBU. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "Niet compatibele browser". Facebook. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
- ^ a b Viniker, Barry (2009-08-03). "Fans campaign for return for Eurovision orchestra". ESCToday. Retrieved 2009-08-03.
- ^ a b Calleja Bayliss, Marc (2009-08-03). "The Orchestra to return to the Eurovision Song Contest ?". Oikotimes. Retrieved 2009-08-03.
- ^ Bakker, Sietse (2010-03-26). "Eurovision flash mob mania to hit Oslo and Düsseldorf". EBU. Retrieved 2010-03-26.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "Element". Elementmusicworld.com. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
- ^ Bakker, Sietse (2010-02-04). "Sunday: Watch the Semi-Final Allocation Draw!". EBU. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Grillhofer, Florian (2010-02-04). "Eurovision 2010: Semi final allocation draw on Sunday". ESCToday. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ Floras, Stella (2009-01-13). "EBU working for Eurovision full house in 2010". ESCToday. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
- ^ a b c "News Archive". ESCKaz. Retrieved 2009-09-18.
- ^ "Audio recording from the EBU press-conference statement in regards of new countries joining in 2010". ESCKaz. 2009-09-21. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
- ^ "Новые страны намерены участвовать в "Евровидении-2010" в Норвегии" (in Russian). BelTA. 2009-09-18. Retrieved 2009-12-28.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Flere kan hoppe av Eurovision 2010 (in Norwegian)". NRK. 2009-10-30. Retrieved 2009-11-01.
- ^ Klier, Marcus (2009-09-22). "Confirmed: Austria will not take part in 2010". ESCToday. Retrieved 2009-09-24.
- ^ Klier, Marcus (2009-09-10). "Monaco will not take part in Oslo". ESCToday. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
- ^ Coroneri, Alenka (2009-09-21). "RTL suddenly decided; not going to Oslo". Oikotimes. Retrieved 2009-09-27.
- ^ Floras, Stella (2009-12-15). "No San Marino either for Eurovision 2010". ESCToday. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
- ^ "1FL to apply for EBU membership". ESCTime. 2009-07-20. Retrieved 2009-08-08.
- ^ Hondal, Victor (2009-11-04). "Liechtenstein rules out Eurovision participation". ESCToday. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
- ^ Coroneri, Alenka (2009-11-04). "Liechtenstein decides to postpone Eurovision plans". Oikotimes. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
- ^ Murray, Gavin (2009-09-11). "Andorra: On course to withdraw from Eurovision 2010". ESCToday. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
- ^ Hondal, Victor (2009-11-13). "Andorra to take a decision today". ESCToday. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
- ^ Hondal, Victor (2009-12-13). "Andorran eurostars "disappointed" with withdrawal". ESCToday. Retrieved 2009-12-13.
- ^ Hondal, Victor (2010-01-06). "First details on the 2010 Lithuanian national selection". ESCToday. Retrieved 2010-01-06.
- ^ "The Voting". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
- ^ Bakker, Sietse (2010-03-31). "France requests to vote in first Semi-Final". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
- ^ Hondal, Victor (2010-31-03). "France to broadcast and vote in the first semifinal". ESCToday. Retrieved 2010-31-03.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
and|date=
(help) - ^ a b Bakkar, Sieste (2009-02-07). "Results of the Semi-Final Allocation Draw". EBU. Retrieved 2010-02-07.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ a b Klier, Marcus (2009-02-07). "Semi final allocation for Oslo determined". ESCToday. Retrieved 2010-02-07.
- ^ a b Brey, Marco (2010-03-06). "Sun". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Text "Stroke Project & Olia Tira for Moldova!" ignored (help) - ^ a b Klier, Marcus (2010-03-06). "Moldova sends Sunstroke Project & Olia Tira to Eurovision". ESCToday. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
- ^ a b Omelyanchuk, Olena (2010-03-07). "Russia: Not". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Text "lost and not forgotten" ignored (help) - ^ a b Montebello, Edward (2010-03-07). "Russia sends The Peter Nalitch Band to Eurovision". ESCToday. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
- ^ Grillhofer, Florian (2010-03-12). "Estonia sends Malcolm Lincoln to the Eurovision Song". ESCToday. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Text "Contest" ignored (help) - ^ Webb, Glen (2010-03-12). "Malcolm Lincoln & Manpower 4 to Oslo for Estonia". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
- ^ Brey, Marco (2010-02-27). "Kristína to". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Text "represent Slovakia!" ignored (help) - ^ Klier, Marcus (2010-02-27). "Slovakia sends Kristina to the Eurovision Song Contest". ESCToday. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
- ^ Schacht, Andreas (2010-01-30). "Finland: Kuunkuiskaajat win ticket to Oslo!". EBU. Retrieved 2010-01-30.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help); Unknown parameter|_t=
ignored (help) - ^ Klier, Marcus (2010-01-30). "Finland sends Kuunkuiskaajat to the Eurovision Song Contest". ESCToday. Retrieved 2010-01-30.
- ^ Medinika, Aija (2010-02-27). "Latvia has decided – Aisha to Oslo!". ESCToday. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
- ^ Dahlander, Gustav (2010-02-27). "Aisha to represent the Latvian flag in Oslo". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
- ^ a b Storvik-Green, Simon (2010-03-13). "Milan Stanković takes home victory in Serbia". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
- ^ a b Klier, Marcus (2010-03-13). "Serbia sends Milan Stanković to the Eurovision Song Contest". ESCToday. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
- ^ a b "Vukašin Brajić will perform in English". Oikotimes. 2010-03-17. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ Dahlander, Gustav (2010-02-14). "Marcin Mrozinski to Eurovision for Poland!". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 14 February 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|_t=
ignored (help) - ^ Klier, Marcus (2010-02-14). "Poland sends Marcin Mroziński to the Eurovision Song Contest". ESCToday. Retrieved 14 February 2010.
- ^ a b Dahlander, Gustav (2010-03-07). "Tom and his guitar will defend Belgium at Eurovision". EBU. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help); Unknown parameter|_t=
ignored (help) - ^ a b Grillhofer, Florian (2010-03-07). "Tom Dice to sing Me and my guitar at Eurovision". ESCToday. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
- ^ Webb, Glen (2010-02-20). "Thea". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Text "Garrett takes the Maltese ticket to Oslo!" ignored (help) - ^ Floras, Stella (2010-02-21). "Malta sends Thea Garrett to Eurovision". ESCToday. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
- ^ a b Hondal, Victor (2010-03-16). "Final version of it's all about you presented". ESCToday. Retrieved 2010-03-16.
- ^ a b M. Escudero, Victor (2010-03-12). "Giorgos Alkaios & Friends will wave the Greek flag in Oslo". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|_t=
ignored (help) - ^ a b Montebello, Edward (2010-03-12). "Greece sends Giorgos Alkaios & Friends to Eurovison". ESCToday. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
- ^ a b Escudero, Victor M. (2010-03-07). "Portugal decided: Filipa Azevedo to Oslo!!!". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|_t=
ignored (help) - ^ a b Klier, Marcus (2010-03-07). "Portugal sends Filipa Azevedo to the Eurovision Song Contest". ESCToday. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
- ^ Siim, Jarmo (2010-02-20). "Gjoko Taneski takes the FYR Macedonia ticket to Oslo". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|_t=
ignored (help) - ^ Grillhofer, Florian (2010-02-20). "FYR Macedonia sends Gjoko Taneski to Eurovision". ESCToday. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
- ^ a b Dahlander, Gustav (2010-02-25). "3+2". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 2010-02-25.
{{cite web}}
: Text "equals 12 for Belarus in Eurovision?" ignored (help) - ^ a b Murray, Gavin (2010-02-25). "Belarus: 3+2 to Eurovision". ESCToday. Retrieved 25 February 2010.
- ^ a b M. Escudero, Victor (2010-02-06). "Iceland: Hera Björk to Oslo!". EBU. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help); Text "%C3%B6rk+to+Oslo!" ignored (help) - ^ a b Grillhofer, Florian (2010-02-06). "Iceland sends Hera Björk to Eurovision". ESCToday. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
- ^ Grillhofer, Florian (2010-03-04). "Lithuania sends InCulto to the Eurovision Song Contest". ESCToday. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
- ^ Webb, Glen (2010-03-04). "East European Funk for Lithuania". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
- ^ a b Brey, Marco (2010-02-14). "Eva Rivas to represent Armenia!". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 14 February 2010.
- ^ a b Klier, Marcus (2010-02-14). "Armenia sends Eva Rivas to the Eurovision Song Contest". ESCToday. Retrieved 14 February 2010.
- ^ a b Webb, Glen (2010-03-15). "Israel: Harel Skaat to sing Milim in Oslo". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
- ^ a b Klier, Marcus (2010-03-15). "Harel Skaat to perform Milim in the Eurovision Song Contest". ESCToday. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
- ^ a b Kirkpatrick Green, Simon (2010-02-06). "Chanée & N'evergreen to Oslo for Denmark!". EBU. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ a b Klier, Marcus (2010-02-06). "Denmark sends Chanée & Tomas N'evergreen to Eurovision". ESCToday. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
- ^ Schacht, Andreas (2009-12-18). "Michael von der Heide to represent Switzerland". EBU. Retrieved 2009-12-18.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Grillhofer, Florian (2010-03-13). "Sweden sends Anna Bergendahl to the Eurovision Song Contest". ESCToday. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
- ^ Schacht, Andreas (2010-03-13). "Sweden: Anna Bergendahl to Oslo". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
- ^ a b Hondal, Victor (2010-03-18). "Safura to sing Drip drop in Oslo". ESCToday. Retrieved 18 March 2010.
- ^ a b Siim, Jarmo (2010-03-18). "Safura takes Drip Drop to Oslo". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 18 March 2010.
- ^ a b Hondal, Victor (2010-03-24). "Alyosha to sing Sweet people in Eurovision 2010". ESCToday. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
- ^ a b Bakker, Sietse (2010-03-24). "Ukraine sends in Alyosha with 'Sweet People'". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
- ^ Grillhofer, Florian (2010-02-07). "The Netherlands send Sieneke to Eurovision". ESCToday. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
- ^ Bakker, Sietse (2010-02-07). _t=Sieneke+to+represent+the+Netherlands+in+Oslo "Sieneke to represent the Netherlands in Oslo". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Check|url=
value (help) - ^ a b Schacht, Andreas (2010-03-06). "Romania sets its hopes on Paula & Ovi". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
- ^ a b Klier, Marcus (2010-03-06). "Romania sends Paula Seling & Ovi to the Eurovision Song Contest". ESCToday. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
- ^ Webb, Glen (2010-02-21). "Ansambel Roka Žlindere & Kalamari to Oslo for Slovenia!". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
- ^ Grillhofer, Florian (2010-02-21). "Slovenia sends Ansambel Žlindra & Kalamari to Eurovision". ESCToday. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
- ^ a b Schacht, Andreas (2010-02-10). "Ireland: Niamh Kavanagh back in national final". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
- ^ a b Grillhofer, Florian (2010-03-05). "Ireland sends Niamh Kavangh to Eurovision". ESCToday. Retrieved 5 March 2010.
- ^ Floras, Stella (2010-05-17). "Bulgaria: Miro presents You are an angel". ESCToday. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
- ^ a b Klier, Marcus (2009-02-07). "Cyprus sends Jon Lilygreen & The Islanders to Eurovision". ESCToday. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
- ^ a b Dahlander, Gustav (2009-02-07). "Spring for Cyprus in Eurovision". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
- ^ Webb, Glen (2010-03-06). "Croatia: Feminnem calls for Eurovision again!". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
- ^ Klier, Marcus (2010-03-06). "Croatia sends Feminnem to the Eurovision Song Contest". ESCToday. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
- ^ a b Grillhofer, Florian (2010-02-27). "Sofia to sing Shine at the Eurovision Song Contest". ESCToday. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
- ^ a b Brey, Marco (2010-02-27). "Sofia Nizharadze to sing "Shine" in Oslo!". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
- ^ a b Yalcinkaya, Hakan (2010-01-13). "MaNga's song will be in English". ESCToday. Retrieved 2010-02-07.
- ^ Hondal, Victor (2010-02-22). "Spain sends Daniel Diges to the Eurovision Song Contest". ESCToday. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ Escudero, Victor M. (2010-02-22). "Spain: Daniel Diges to Oslo!". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 2010-02-22.
- ^ Kirkpatrick Green, Simon (2010-02-06). "Didrik Solli-Tangen wins Norwegian final!". EBU. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Klier, Marcus (2010-02-06). "Norway sends Didrik Solli-Tangen to Eurovision". ESCToday. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ Webb, Glen (2010-03-12). "Josh flying the flag for United Kingdom in Oslo". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
- ^ Hondal, Victor (2010-03-12). "The United Kingdom sends Josh to the Eurovision Song Contest". ESCToday. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
- ^ Dufaut, Dominique (2010-02-24). "Jessy will sing Allez! Ola! Olé!". ESCToday. Retrieved 2010-02-24.
- ^ Brey, Marco (2010-03-12). "Lena Meyer-Landrut gets German ticket to Oslo". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
- ^ Klier, Marcus (2010-03-12). "Germany sends Lena Meyer-Landrut to the Eurovision Song Contest". ESCToday. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
- ^ "Kjent stuntmann stormet scenen under MGP-finalen". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). Dagbladet. 2010-05-29. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
- ^ "Spania får fremføre på nytt". NRK (in Norwegian). NRK. 2010-05-29. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
- ^ "Jimmy Jump sprang in på scenen mitt i direktsändning i Eurovision Song Contest-finalen under Spaniens bidrag | Melodifestivalen 2010 | Nöjesbladet | Aftonbladet". Aftonbladet.se. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
- ^ "Jimmy Jump salta al escenario durante la actuación de España en Eurovisión". Lavozdegalicia.es. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
- ^ "Esc: Fan Crashes Spains Performance". YouTube. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
- ^ Kosmas, Stella (2009-03-23). "Live: Draw of the running order". ESCToday.
{{cite web}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help); Missing or empty|url=
(help); Text "http://i39.tinypic.com/24l5440.jpg" ignored (help) - ^ "ESC 2010: Alle Fernsehtermine im Überblick – Das Erste: Eurovision Song Contest – Hintergründe". Eurovision.ndr.de. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
- ^ "Eurovision live on Duna Television". Duna TV. 2010-05-28. Retrieved 2010-05-28.
- ^ "RTE so lonely after loss of Gerry – Marty". 20 May 2010. Retrieved 29 May 2010.
He has been providing commentary for Irish viewers since 2000 and maintains great enthusiasm for the much lampooned contest.
- ^ "RTÉ Television – Eurovision Song Contest 2010". Raidió Teilifís Éireann. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
- ^ Bergqvist, Mattias (2010-04-09). "Christine Meltzer kommenterar Eurovision Song Contest". Expressen (in Swedish). Retrieved 2010-05-26.
- ^ "Eurovision Song Contest 2010 – introduction". BBC. 2010-05-11. Retrieved 2010-05-28.
- ^ "http://publik.delfi.ee/news/eurovisioon/article.php?id=31120081" (in Estonian). Publik.ee. 2010-05-26. Retrieved 2010-05-18.
{{cite web}}
: External link in
(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)|title=
- ^ "Euroviisut: Sillanpään ruutupaitamoka ei toistu!". Iltalehti. 2010-05-24.
{{cite web}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help); Missing or empty|url=
(help); Text "http://www.iltalehti.fi/euroviisut/2010052411681263_ev.shtml" ignored (help) - ^ "Die deutsche Jury beim ESC – Das Erste: Eurovision Song Contest – Hintergründe". Eurovision.ndr.de. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
- ^ "Euroviziją komentuos D.Užkuraitis, balus skelbs G.Masalskis" (in Lithuanian). DELFI. 2010-05-25. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Dnevnik". Dnevnik. 1999-02-22. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
- ^ "Festival Eurovisão da Canção começa hoje". 2010-05-25. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
- ^ "Scott to speak for the UK". BBC. 2010-05-26. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
- ^ a b Murray, Gavin (2010-02-24). "SBS and Triangle Stratos tv Australia & New Zealand: Eurovision 2010 down under". ESCToday. Retrieved 2010-02-24.
- ^ Knox, David (2010-03-12). "TV Tonight: 2010 Eurovision hosts revealed". TVTonight. Retrieved 2010-03-12.
- ^ "SBS Eurovision". SBS. 2010-05-06. Retrieved 2010-05-06.
- ^ "Be in the audience for The A to Z of Eurovision with Julia Zemiro". SBS – Special Broadcasting Service. 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2010-04-06.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ a b c Bakker, Sietse (2010-03-22). "Delegates "impressed" after NRK presentations". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 22 March 2010.
- ^ Imre, Klesz (2010-04-24). "Duna Televízió broadcast all live shows of Eurovision 2010". Oikotimes. Retrieved 24 April 2010.
- ^ "RTCG to air Eurovision final". Oikotimes. 2010-05-23. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
- ^ a b c "Streaming (ESCTV)". EBU. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) Cite error: The named reference "streamesctv" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ "BVN | Programma". Bvn.nl. 2007-12-05. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
- ^ "RTP – 55.º Festival Eurovisão da Canção 2010". Rtp.pt. 2010-05-25. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
- ^ "Program telewizyjny – Telewizja Polska SA". Tvp.pl. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
- ^ "trt.net – Yayin Akis".
- ^ "bnt.bg – Program".
- ^ "TVradio.ert.gr, worldprogram".
- ^ "bhrt.ba".
- ^ "raspored.hrt.hr".