Tokyo Station: Difference between revisions
Clarification: Only Tōkaidō and Tōhoku Shinkansen formally have Tokyo as the starting point / terminus. (e.g. Jōetsu Shinkansen has Ōmiya andNagano Shinkansen has Takasaki.) |
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{{nihongo|'''Tokyo Station'''|東京駅|Tōkyō-eki}} is a railway station in the [[Marunouchi]] business district of [[Chiyoda, Tokyo]], Japan, near the [[Kokyo|Imperial Palace]] grounds and the [[Ginza]] commercial district. |
{{nihongo|'''Tokyo Station'''|東京駅|Tōkyō-eki}} is a railway station in the [[Marunouchi]] business district of [[Chiyoda, Tokyo]], Japan, near the [[Kokyo|Imperial Palace]] grounds and the [[Ginza]] commercial district. |
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Served by [[Shinkansen]] [[high-speed rail]] lines, Tokyo Station is the main intercity rail terminal in Tokyo. It is the busiest station in Japan in terms of number of trains per day (over 3,000), and the fifth-busiest in Eastern Japan in terms of passenger throughput.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/index.html |title=各駅の乗車人員|publisher=East Japan Railway Company|language=Japanese}}</ref> It is also served by many regional commuter lines of [[Japan Railways]], as well as the [[Tokyo Metro]] network. |
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==Lines== |
==Lines== |
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Trains on the following lines are available at Tokyo Station: |
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*'''[[JR East]]''' |
*'''[[JR East]]''' |
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** [[Tōhoku Shinkansen]] |
** [[Tōhoku Shinkansen]] |
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Revision as of 15:11, 3 January 2014
東京 | |
|---|---|
 Tokyo Station, Marunouchi frontage | |
| General information | |
| Operated by | JR East JR Central Tokyo Metro |
| Line(s) | Tōkaidō Shinkansen Tōhoku Shinkansen Yamagata Shinkansen Akita Shinkansen Jōetsu Shinkansen Nagano Shinkansen Tōkaidō Main Line Keihin-Tōhoku Line Yamanote Line Chūō Main Line Sōbu Main Line Yokosuka Line Keiyō Line Marunouchi Line |
Tokyo Station (東京駅, Tōkyō-eki) is a railway station in the Marunouchi business district of Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan, near the Imperial Palace grounds and the Ginza commercial district.
Served by Shinkansen high-speed rail lines, Tokyo Station is the main intercity rail terminal in Tokyo. It is the busiest station in Japan in terms of number of trains per day (over 3,000), and the fifth-busiest in Eastern Japan in terms of passenger throughput.[1] It is also served by many regional commuter lines of Japan Railways, as well as the Tokyo Metro network.
Lines
Trains on the following lines are available at Tokyo Station:
The station is linked by underground passageways to the Ōtemachi underground (subway) station complex served by the Tōzai, Chiyoda, Hanzōmon, and Mita subway lines.
It is also possible to walk to the Nijūbashimae, Hibiya, Yūrakuchō, Ginza, and Higashi-ginza Stations completely underground (the last a distance of over 2 km), but these stations can usually be reached more quickly by train.
Tokyo Station is also a major intercity bus terminal, with regular midday service to several cities in the Kantō region and overnight service to the Kansai and Tōhoku regions.
Layout
The main station façade on the western side of the station is brick-built, surviving from the time when the station opened in 1914. The main station consists of 10 island platforms serving 20 tracks, raised above street level running in a north-south direction. The main concourse runs east-west below the platforms.
The Shinkansen lines are on the east (or Yaesu) side of the station, along with a multi-story Daimaru department store.
Underground are the two Sōbu/Yokosuka line platforms serving four tracks (five stories below ground level) to the west of the station; the two Keiyō Line platforms serving four tracks are four stories below ground some hundreds of meters to the south of the main station with moving walkways to serve connecting passengers.
The whole complex is linked by an extensive system of underground passageways which merge with surrounding commercial buildings and shopping centres.
Ground-level platforms
| 1, 2 | ■ Chūō Line (Rapid) | for Shinjuku, Tachikawa, Hachiōji and Tokyo |
| 3 | ■ Keihin-Tōhoku Line | for Ueno, Nippori, Akabane and Saitama |
| 4 | ■ Yamanote Line | for Ueno, Nippori and Ikebukuro |
| 5 | ■ Yamanote Line | for Shinagawa and Shibuya |
| 6 | ■ Keihin-Tōhoku Line | for Tokyo, and Ōfuna |
| 7, 8 | ■ Tōkaidō Line | for Yokohama, Fujisawa, Hiratsuka, Kōzu, Odawara and Atami |
| 9, 10 | ■ Tōkaidō Line (Limited express) |
□Ltd. Express Odoriko for Itō, Izukyū Shimoda and Shuzenji (via Izu Kyūkō Line and Izuhakone Railway Sunzu Line) □Ltd. Express Sunrise Izumo/Sunrise Seto for Izumoshi and Kagawa |
Shinkansen platforms
| 14-19 | ■ Tōkaidō Shinkansen | for Nagoya, Kyōto, Shin-Osaka,Okayama, Hiroshima and Hakata |
| 20-23 | ■ Tōhoku Shinkansen Yamagata Shinkansen Akita Shinkansen |
for Miyagi, Morioka and Shin-Aomori (Tōhoku Shinkansen) Yamagata and Shinjō (Yamagata Shinkansen) Akita (Akita Shinkansen) |
| ■ Jōetsu Shinkansen Nagano Shinkansen |
for Takasaki and Niigata (Jōetsu Shinkansen) Nagano (Nagano Shinkansen) |
Yokosuka/Sōbu Line platforms
| Sōbu 1, 2 | ■ Yokosuka Line | for Yokohama, Ōfuna, Kamakura, Zushi and Kurihama □Ltd. Express Ayame and Shiosai for Kashima-Jingū and Chōshi |
| Sōbu 3, 4 | ■ Sōbu Line (Rapid) | for Kinshichō, Funabashi, Chiba □Ltd. Express Narita Express for Narita Airport (via Narita Line) |
Keiyō Line platforms
| Keiyō 1, 2 | ■ Keiyō Line | for Shin-kiba, Maihama, Kaihin-Makuhari, Soga □Ltd Express Sazanami and Wakashio for Chiba (via Uchibō Line) and Awa-Kamogawa (via Sotobō Line) |
| ■ Musashino Line | for Nishi-Funabashi and Fuchū-Hommachi | |
| Keiyō 3, 4 | ■ Keiyō Line | for Shin-Kiba, Maihama, Kaihin-Makuhari and Soga |
| ■ Musashino Line | for Nishi-Funabashi and Fuchū-Hommachi |
Tokyo Metro platforms
| 1 | ○ Marunouchi Line | for Ginza, Shinjuku and Ogikubo |
| 2 | ○ Marunouchi Line | for Tokyo and Ikebukuro |
Adjacent stations
| « | Service | » | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tōkaidō Shinkansen | ||||
| Terminus | All services | Shinagawa | ||
| Tōhoku/Jōetsu/Nagano Shinkansen | ||||
| Terminus | All services | Ueno or Ōmiya | ||
| Chūō Line (Rapid) | ||||
| Terminus | All services | Tokyo | ||
| Yamanote Line | ||||
| Yūrakuchō | - | Tokyo | ||
| Keihin-Tōhoku Line | ||||
| Hamamatsuchō | Rapid | Akihabara | ||
| Yūrakuchō | Local | Tokyo | ||
| Tōkaidō Line | ||||
| Terminus | All services | Shimbashi | ||
| Yokosuka Line / Sōbu Line Rapid | ||||
| Shin-Nihombashi | - | Shimbashi | ||
| Keiyō Line | ||||
| Terminus | All services | Tokyo | ||
| Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line (M-17) | ||||
| Ginza (M-16) | - | Tokyo (M-18) | ||
History
In 1889, a Tokyo municipal committee drew up plans for an elevated railway line connecting the Tōkaidō Main Line terminal at Shinbashi to the Nippon Railway (now Tōhoku Main Line) terminal at Ueno. The Imperial Diet resolved in 1896 to construct a new station on this line called Central Station (中央停車場, Chūō Teishajō), located directly in front of the gardens of the Imperial Palace.
Construction was delayed due to the outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War, but finally commenced in 1908. The three-story station building was designed by architect Tatsuno Kingo (who also designed Manseibashi Station and the nearby Bank of Japan building) as a restrained celebration of Japan's costly victory in the Russo-Japanese War. The building is often rumored to be fashioned after Amsterdam's main station, although there is little evidence to support the opinion. Terunobu Fujimori, a scholar of Western architecture, denies the rumor, having studied Tatsuno's styles as well as the building itself.[2]
Tokyo Station opened on December 20, 1914 with four platforms; two serving electric trains (current Yamanote/Keihin-Tohoku Line platforms) and two serving non-electric trains (current Tōkaidō Line platforms). The Chūō Main Line extension to the station was completed in 1919 and originally stopped at the platform now used by northbound Yamanote/Keihin-Tōhoku trains. During this early era, the station only had gates on the Marunouchi side, with the north side serving as an exit and the south side serving as an entrance.[3]
In 1921, Prime Minister Hara Takashi was assassinated at the south gates. The Yaesu side of the station opened in 1929.
Much of the station was destroyed in B-29 firebombing on May 25, 1945. The bombing shattered the impressive rooftop domes. The station was quickly rebuilt within the year, but simple angular roofs were built in place of the domes, and the restored building was only two stories tall instead of three.
The Yaesu side was also rebuilt following the war, but the rebuilt structure was damaged by fire in 1949, and the Yaesu side was then significantly upgraded with a contemporary exterior and large Daimaru department store. The new Yaesu side facilities opened in 1953, including two new platforms for Tōkaidō Main Line services (now used by Shinkansen trains). Two more platforms opened in 1964 to accommodate the first Shinkansen services. The Yaesu side was partially rebuilt again in 1991 to accommodate the Shinkansen extension from Ueno.
From July 1987 to 2000 there were a series of regular free public concerts held in Tokyo station. Referred to as "Tokyo Eki Kon" (Tokyo Station Concerts) they were first held as a celebration of the launch of Japan Railways Group as the privatized successor to the state-owned Japanese National Railways. 246 concerts were performed but the popularity waned and the last one was held in November 2000. The event returned in 2004 as the "Aka Renga (Red Brick) Concerts", and held 19 times, but after redevelopment of the station started in earnest the concerts were suspended once again. In 2012, as the reconstruction approached its end, there were calls for the concerts to be held again.[4]
The Tokyo Station complex is currently undergoing extensive development, which include major improvements to the Marunouchi (west) and Yaesu (east) sides of the station. The Marunouchi side underwent an extensive 5-year renovation which was completed in October 2012. The historic 98-year-old Marunouchi side of the station was restored to pre-war condition. The bombing of Tokyo during World War II caused extensive damage to the Tokyo Station building, shattering the domes which originally adorned the rooftops of the building. Angular rooftops intended to be temporary replaced the domes, but remained until the renovations. The surrounding area converted into a broad plaza extending into a walkway toward the Imperial Palace, with space for bus and taxi ranks. On the Yaesu side, the current multi-story exterior will be replaced by a much lower structure with a large canopy covering outdoor waiting and loading areas, and will connect the newly built GranTokyo North and South Towers at both ends. The high rise office towers will provide additional access to and from the station, and include multi-story shopping areas which will contribute to the station complex. This project is due to be fully complete by 2013.
Proposed developments
A JR East project will extend the services of the Utsunomiya Line, the Takasaki Line, and the Jōban Line to Tokyo Station by constructing the Tōhoku Jūkan Line from Ueno Station.[5]
There was a proposal to build a spur to Tokyo Station from the nearby Toei Asakusa Line, which would provide another connection to the subway network, and also possibly provide faster connections from the station to Tokyo's airports, Haneda and Narita.[6] The plan has yet to be formally adopted. Authorities are re-considering a similar plan as part of the infrastructure improvements for the 2020 Summer Olympics; the proposed line would cut travel time to Haneda from 30 minutes to 18 minutes, and to Narita from 55 minutes to 36 minutes, at a total cost of around 400 billion yen.[7]
There are also plans to extend the Tsukuba Express from Akihabara to Tokyo. In September 2013, a number of municipalities along the Tsukuba Express line in Ibaraki Prefecture submitted a proposal to complete the extension at the same time as the new airport-to-airport line.[8]
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2012, the JR East station was used by an average of 402,277 passengers daily (boarding passengers only), making it the fourth busiest station on the JR East network.[9]
The passenger figures (boarding passengers only) for the JR East (formerly JNR) station in previous years are as shown below.
| Fiscal year | Daily average |
|---|---|
| 1913 | 4,615[10] |
| 1960 | 331,275[10] |
| 1971 | 352,109[10] |
| 1984 | 338,203[10] |
| 2000 | 372,611[11] |
| 2005 | 379,350[12] |
| 2010 | 381,704[13] |
| 2011 | 380,997[14] |
| 2012 | 402,277[9] |
Surrounding area
Districts
Buildings
- Tokyo Imperial Palace
- Marunouchi Oazo
- Marunouchi Building
- Shin-Marunouchi Building
- Tokyo Central Post Office (closed)
- Tokyo International Forum
- Mitsubishi Ichigokan Museum, Tokyo
Stations
Other stations within walking distance of Tokyo station include the following.
- Ōtemachi Station (Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line, Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line, Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line, Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line, Toei Mita Line)
- Hatchōbori Station (Keiyō Line, Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line)
- Nihombashi Station (Tokyo Metro Ginza Line, Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line, Toei Asakusa Line)
- Mitsukoshimae Station (Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line)
- Shin-Nihombashi Station (Sōbu Line Rapid)
- Nijūbashimae Station (
Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line) - Hibiya Station (Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line, Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line, Toei Mita Line)
- Yūrakuchō Station (Yamanote Line, Keihin-Tōhoku Line, Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line)
- Ginza-itchome Station (Tokyo Metro Ginza Line)
- Kyōbashi Station (Tokyo Metro Ginza Line)
- Takarachō Station (Toei Asakusa Line)
See also
References
- ^ "各駅の乗車人員" (in Japanese). East Japan Railway Company.
- ^ Kenchiku Tantei Uten Kekkō (建築探偵 雨天決行; "Architecture Detective, Rain or Shine"), Terunobu Fujimori, ISBN 978-4-02-261179-6
- ^ Nakata, Hiroko, "Tokyo Station's Marunouchi side restored to 1914 glory", Japan Times, 23 October 2012, p. 3
- ^ Ushijima, Kota Fans want encore of 'dreamy' Tokyo Station concerts The Daily Yomiuri October 1, 2012 Retrieved on October 2, 2012
- ^ An Interview with the President on JR East website, retrieved 2009-05-13
- ^ 都営浅草線東京駅接着等の事業化推進に関する検討 調査結果のとりまとめ, May 2003.
- ^ "羽田・成田発着を拡大、五輪へインフラ整備急ぐ". Nihon Keizai Shimbun. Nikkei Inc. 10 September 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - ^ "ＴＸ東京駅延伸で茨城の沿線自治体市議会が意見書". 日本経済新聞. 21 September 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
- ^ a b "各駅の乗車人員 （2012年度）" (in Japanese). Japan: East Japan Railway Company. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d 日本国有鉄道停車場一覧. Japan: Japanese National Railways. 1985. p. 480. ISBN 4-533-00503-9.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - ^ "各駅の乗車人員 （2000年度）" (in Japanese). Japan: East Japan Railway Company. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - ^ "各駅の乗車人員 （2005年度）" (in Japanese). Japan: East Japan Railway Company. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - ^ "各駅の乗車人員 (2010年度)" (in Japanese). Japan: East Japan Railway Company. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - ^ "各駅の乗車人員 （2011年度）" (in Japanese). Japan: East Japan Railway Company. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help)
External links
- JR East map of Tokyo Station Template:En icon
- Tokyo Station (JR East) Template:Ja icon
- Tokyo Station (JR Central) Template:Ja icon
- Tokyo Station (Tokyo Metro) Template:Ja icon
35°40′51″N 139°46′01″E / 35.68083°N 139.76694°E
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- Tōkaidō Shinkansen
- Stations of Central Japan Railway Company
- Stations of East Japan Railway Company
- Tōkaidō Main Line
- Chūō Main Line
- Keiyō Line
- Jōetsu Shinkansen
- Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line
- Stations of Tokyo Metro
- Railway stations in Tokyo
- Keihin-Tōhoku Line
- Yamanote Line
- Sōbu Main Line
- Marunouchi
- Railway stations opened in 1914