User talk:79.168.3.237/Christchurch mosque shootings

Christchurch mosque shootings
Part of Terrorism in New Zealand
The Al Noor Mosque in 2006
Location	Christchurch, New Zealand
Coordinates	43.5329°S 172.6118°E / -43.5329; 172.6118 (Al Noor Mosque) 43.53239°S 172.67255°E / -43.53239; 172.67255 (Linwood Islamic Centre)
Date	15 March 2019 (2019-03-15) 1:40 pm (NZDT; UTC+13)
Target	Muslims
Attack type	Mass shooting, terrorist attack
Weapons	Two semi-automatic rifles, two shotguns, one lever-action rifle, undetonated car bombs
Deaths	50 42 at the Al Noor Mosque 7 at the Linwood Islamic Centre 1 later at Christchurch Hospital
Injured	50
Motive	Far-right extremism Islamophobia White supremacy

The Christchurch mosque shootings were two consecutive terrorist attacks at mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, during Friday Prayer on 15 March 2019. The attacks began at the Al Noor Mosque in the suburb of Riccarton at 1:40 pm, and continued at the Linwood Islamic Centre at about 1:55 pm. The gunman live-streamed the first attack on Facebook Live.

The attacks killed 50 people and injured 50 others. A 28-year-old Australian man, described in media reports as a white supremacist and part of the alt-right, was arrested and charged with murder. The attacks have been linked to an increase in white supremacism and alt-right extremism globally observed since the mid-2010s. Politicians and world leaders condemned the attacks, and Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern described the incident as "one of New Zealand's darkest days". It is the deadliest mass shooting in modern New Zealand history.

Background

See also: Islam in New Zealand and List of massacres in New Zealand

New Zealand has often been considered a safe country, and has a relatively low level of homicide. These attacks were the first mass shooting in the country since the Raurimu massacre in 1997. Prior to that, the deadliest public mass shooting was the 1990 Aramoana massacre, in which 13 people died. Experts have suggested that far-right extremism has been growing in New Zealand in recent years; the country has rarely been associated with the extreme right. A stuff.co.nz paraphrased author Richard Spoonley as calling Christchurch "a hotbed for white supremacists and the extreme nationalist movement", a suggestion rejected by Christchurch MP Gerry Brownlee. Australia, where the alleged gunman was from, has also seen a recent increase in xenophobia, racism and Islamophobia.

Islam is practised by over 46,000 New Zealanders (1.2 percent of the population), 3,000 of them in Christchurch and the wider Canterbury region. The Al Noor Mosque opened in 1985; it was the first mosque in the South Island. The Linwood Islamic Centre opened in early 2018.

Attacks

Al Noor Mosque

The gunman began shooting worshippers at the Al Noor Mosque on Deans Avenue, Riccarton, at around 1:40 pm. Police received the first emergency call at 1:41 pm. Between three hundred and five hundred people may have been inside the mosque attending Friday Prayer at the time of the shooting. A neighbour of the mosque told reporters he saw the gunman flee and drop what appeared to be a firearm in the driveway. The witness said the gunman appeared to be wearing military-style clothing.

The gunman live-streamed the first 17 minutes of the attack on Facebook Live, starting with the drive to the mosque and ending with the drive away. Moments before the shooting, the gunman played several songs including a traditional marching song of the British military called "The British Grenadiers", and "Serbia Strong", a Serb nationalist song from the Bosnian War (1992–1995) celebrating Radovan Karadžić, who was found guilty of genocide against Bosnian Muslims. One witness said the gunman continued to play "military music" from a portable speaker during the attack inside the mosque. Just before the shooting, the gunman appeared to be greeted by one of the worshippers, who said "Hello, brother" and who was amongst the first people to be killed.

The gunman spent several minutes inside the mosque, shooting attendees indiscriminately. He killed three people near the entrance, and many others inside a larger room. During the attack, a worshipper, Naeem Rashid, charged at the gunman and was shot; he later died from his injuries. The gunman approached wounded victims, firing at them multiple times. He then left the mosque and fired at people outside. He retrieved another weapon from his vehicle before returning to the mosque to murder more victims, many of whom were already wounded and unable to escape. The gunman then exited the mosque for a second time and killed a woman near the footpath as she pled for help. He left the scene shortly thereafter, in his car, to the music of "Fire" by The Crazy World of Arthur Brown, where the singer proclaims: "I am the god of hellfire!" He had spent about six minutes at the Al Noor Mosque. The gunman shot other civilians in the area and drove away at high speed, heading in the direction of the Linwood Islamic Centre.

Linwood Islamic Centre

A second series of shootings began at about 1:55 pm at the Linwood Islamic Centre, a mosque 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of the Al Noor Mosque. Seven people were killed at the Centre. According to a survivor, the gunman initially did not find the door to the mosque and shot people outside and through a window, which alerted those inside.

The mosque's acting imam credited a worshipper named Abdul Aziz Wahabzadah with stopping the attack. Wahabzadah told reporters he had taken a credit-card reader and ran at the gunman, hoping to distract him. When the gunman retreated, Wahabzadah threw the credit-card reader at him. The gunman took a firearm from his car and fired at Wahabzadah, who took cover among nearby cars and retrieved an empty shotgun the gunman had dropped. The gunman continued firing at the mosque. When the gunman returned to his car again, Wahabzadah threw the shotgun at the car, which shattered one of its windows or its windscreen. The gunman then drove away.

Arrest

Early reports indicated "a multiple, simultaneous attack", but later only a single suspect was implicated. He was arrested 21 minutes after the first emergency call, on Brougham Street in Sydenham. Mobile-phone footage showed his car had been rammed against the kerb by a police car before his arrest at gunpoint. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said the suspect had been planning to continue the attack at a third location, possibly the mosque in Ashburton or the An-Nur Child Care Centre in Hornby; Police Commissioner Mike Bush corroborated this, saying police had stopped the suspect on his way to a third location.

Victims

The attacks killed 50 people (46 males and 4 females): 42 at the Al Noor Mosque; seven at the Linwood Islamic Centre, and one who died in Christchurch Hospital. The ages of those killed ranged from 3 to 77. In his update of 17 March Commissioner Bush said 50 other people had been injured, 36 of them were being treated for gunshot wounds at Christchurch Hospital. Two were in a serious condition. One child was at Starship Hospital in Auckland. A national futsal player and IT entrepreneur, Atta Elayyan, was among those killed.

In the days following the attacks, dozens of people remained missing and several diplomatic offices and foreign ministries released statements regarding the number of victims from their respective nations. Police requested that those listed as missing who were in fact not missing register themselves as safe on the Restoring Family Links website. The New Zealand Red Cross published a list of missing people: it includes nationals of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Jordan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Police media releases list among the dead citizens of Bangladesh, Egypt, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan, Malaysia, Mauritius, New Zealand, Pakistan and Palestine.

Suspect

The New Zealand Police have charged Brenton Harrison Tarrant, a 28-year-old Australian man, with murder in connection with the attack. At the time of the attack, he lived in Andersons Bay in Dunedin. He was a member of a South Otago gun club and practised shooting at its range. He grew up in Grafton, New South Wales, attended Grafton High School, and worked as a personal trainer in his hometown from 2009 to 2011. Around 2012, he started visiting a number of countries in Asia and Europe. Police in Bulgaria and Turkey are investigating his visits to their nations. He became obsessed with terrorist attacks committed by Islamic extremists in 2016 and 2017, started planning an attack about two years prior to the shootings, and chose his targets three months in advance.

Security officials suspect he had come into contact with far-right organisations about two years before the shooting, while visiting European nations. Captivated with sites of battle between Christians and the Ottoman Empire, he went on another series of visits to the Balkans in 2016–2018, with Croatia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Turkey and Bosnia-Herzegovina confirming his presence there in these years. He posted a slew of Balkan nationalist material on social-media platforms, and called for the United States to be weakened in order to prevent events such as the NATO intervention in Kosovo in response to a Serbian ethnic-cleansing campaign against Kosovar Albanians. He said he was against intervention by NATO because he saw the Serbian military as "Christian Europeans attempting to remove these Islamic occupiers from Europe".

Three years prior to the attack, he praised Blair Cottrell as a leader of the far-right movements in Australia. He made more than 30 comments on the now-deleted "United Patriots Front" and "True Blue Crew" Facebook pages, one calling the election of US President Donald Trump in 2016 "[s]imply one of the most important events in modern history." An Australian Broadcasting Corporation team who studied the comments called them "fragments and digital impressions of a well-travelled young man who frequented hate-filled anonymous messaging boards and was deeply engaged in a global alt-right culture."

Weapons

According to Commissioner Bush, the gunman held a firearms licence with an "A" endorsement. Police recovered five guns at the scene: two semi-automatic weapons, two shotguns and a lever-action firearm. According to a city gun store, the gunman bought them online. Additionally, he illegally replaced the semi-automatic rifles' small, legal magazines with 30-round magazines, also legally purchased online. The guns and magazines used were covered in white writing naming historical events, people, and motifs related to historical conflicts, wars, and battles between Muslims and European Christians, as well as the names of recent Islamic-terrorist-attack victims and the names of far-right attackers such as Josué Estébanez and Luca Traini. Police also found two improvised explosive devices attached to a car; these were defused by the New Zealand Defence Force. No explosives were found on the gunman.

Manifesto

Tarrant allegedly recorded his beliefs in a 73-page manifesto titled "The Great Replacement", a reference to the "Great Replacement" and "white genocide" conspiracy theories. It said the attacks were planned two years prior, and that the location was selected three months prior. Nine minutes before the attacks, the manifesto was emailed to more than 30 recipients, including the Prime Minister's office and several media outlets. Links to the manifesto were also shared on Twitter and 8chan immediately before the attack.

In the manifesto several anti-immigrant sentiments are expressed, including hate speech against migrants, white supremacist rhetoric, and calls for all non-European immigrants in Europe who are claimed to be "invading his land" to be removed. The author also describes himself as an ethno-nationalist. In the manifesto, the author names dozens of people from around the world, ranging from politicians whose ideas he supports to terrorists and murderers whose actions he applauds. In particular he cites Norwegian terrorist Anders Behring Breivik as an inspiration and said he had been in "brief contact" with Breivik. He also calls for the assassination of several politicians with whom he disagrees. He says he supports the President of the United States, Donald Trump, as "a symbol of renewed white identity and common purpose", but not as a leader or policy-maker.

The manifesto displays neo-Nazi symbols such as the Black Sun and Odin's cross. However, the author denies being a Nazi, and professes instead to be an "eco-fascist" and a "kebab removalist", in reference to a meme exalting the genocide of Bosnian Muslims by the Bosnian Serb army. His document said he targeted Muslims as a form of "revenge against Islam for 1,300 years of war and devastation that it has brought upon the people of the West and other peoples of the world". In the manifesto, he mentions Pope Urban II regarding a Crusade against "the impious race of the Saracens [Muslims]", and also calls for the Christian reconquest of Constantinople (Turkey's Istanbul). His manifesto contained many explicit references to the Ottoman Empire and Turkey. His reasons for carrying out the mass shootings included his intent to "drive a wedge between the nations of NATO that are European and the Turks that also make a part of the NATO".

The author of the manifesto claimed that the main goal of the attacks was to accelerate anti-Muslim and anti-immigrant sentiment across majority-white nations in order to fight growing numbers of "invaders", and ignite an eventual "race war". The manifesto was described by media as "shitposting"—trolling designed to engender conflict between certain groups and people. On 23 March 2019, the manifesto was deemed "objectionable" by the Chief Censor of New Zealand, making it unlawful to possess or distribute it in New Zealand.

Police in Hamilton, Ontario are investigating a white nationalist, Paul Fromm, for posting the manifesto on his website.

Legal proceedings

Tarrant first appeared in the Christchurch District Court on 16 March, where he was charged with one representative count of murder. There he smiled at reporters and made an inverted OK gesture, reported in media to be a "white-power sign". The case was transferred to the High Court and he was remanded in custody. He dismissed his duty lawyer and will represent himself. His next appearance is scheduled for 5 April.

Aftermath

Emergency services response

Commissioner Bush said police were at the first scene within minutes of the incident being reported at 1:42 pm. In response to criticism that police were too slow to react to the attacks, District Commander John Price defended the time it took them to arrest the suspect. Responding to the initial understanding that the arrest took 36 minutes Price said "That is an incredibly fast response time. You had a mobile offender across a large metropolitan city."

St. John Ambulance sent 20 ambulances and other vehicles to the mosques. Most of the wounded were taken to Christchurch Hospital. Forty-eight people with gunshot wounds, including young children, were treated at the hospital, with some taken to other hospitals within Christchurch and nationally. Canterbury District Health Board activated its mass-casualty plan. Paramedics describe a 'river of blood' coming out of the mosque and having to step over bodies to collect the wounded.

Police advised all mosques in the country to close until further notice and sent officers to secure various sites in Christchurch. All Air New Zealand Link services departing Christchurch Airport were cancelled as a precaution, due to the absence of security screening at the regional terminal. Security was increased at Parliament, and public tours of the buildings were cancelled. In Dunedin, the Armed Offenders Squad searched a house and cordoned off part of the surrounding street in Andersons Bay after the attacker indicated on social media that he had originally planned to target the city's Al Huda Mosque.

Other arrests

On the day of the attacks, police arrested four people. Two days later, Commissioner Bush said three of those arrested did not appear to be involved in the attacks. Police had also arrested a woman and a man, having found a firearm in a vehicle in which they were travelling together. The woman was released uncharged, but the man was held in custody and was charged with a firearms offence. An 18-year-old man was arrested and charged with inciting racial disharmony under the Human Rights Act, and was due to appear in court on 18 March.

Additionally, a 30-year-old man claimed he was arrested when he arrived, unarmed, at Papanui High School to pick up his 13-year-old brother-in-law. He was in camouflage clothing, which he said he habitually wore. He also said police gave him a verbal warning for disorderly behaviour.

Governmental response

A meeting of the Officials Committee for Domestic and External Security Co-ordination was convened to coordinate the government's response. Prime Minister Ardern, who had just left a school climate-strike rally in New Plymouth, returned to her hotel along with the Minister for Security and Intelligence, Andrew Little, to give a press statement. Ardern cancelled her remaining public engagements scheduled for that day, including opening the WOMAD international arts festival. She then boarded an RNZAF plane to fly to Wellington to join official meetings taking place at the Beehive.

For the first time in New Zealand history, the terrorism threat level was raised to high—its penultimate level. Ardern issued a directive that flags on "all Government and public buildings" should be flown at half-mast until further notice. Additionally, she has vowed never to speak the suspect's name, in an effort to prevent him gaining notoriety.

The New Zealand cabinet agreed an inquiry into the attacks, and on 25 March that it would be a Royal Commission.

Other responses in New Zealand

Patsy Reddy laying flowers at Hagley Park, Christchurch on 19 March

Within an hour of the attacks, all schools in the city were placed in "lockdown". Some schoolchildren in lockdown still had their cellphones, and some were able to view the footage of the first attack online. School strikers at the Global School Strike rally in Cathedral Square, near the sites of the attacks, were advised by police to either seek refuge in public buildings or go home. In response to security concerns, the University of Otago postponed its sesquicentennial anniversary street parade which had been scheduled for 16 March.

The third test-cricket match between New Zealand and Bangladesh, scheduled to commence at Hagley Oval in Hagley Park on 16 March, was likewise cancelled due to security concerns. The Bangladesh team were planning to attend Friday Prayer at the Al Noor Mosque, and were moments from entering the building when the incident began. The players then fled on foot to Hagley Oval. Two days later, Canterbury withdrew from their match against Wellington in the Plunket Shield cricket tournament. Likewise the Super Rugby match between the Crusaders, based in Christchurch, and Highlanders, based in Dunedin, due to be played the next day was cancelled as "a mark of respect for the events". After the attack, there were renewed calls to rename the Crusaders team, which derives from the medieval Crusades against Muslims.

Two concerts scheduled to be held in Christchurch on 17 March, one by singer-songwriter Bryan Adams, the other by thrash-metal band Slayer, were also cancelled. The Polynesian cultural festival Polyfest was cancelled after the shootings, with security concerns cited as the reason. The music and cultural festival WOMAD went ahead in New Plymouth despite the attacks, with armed police stationed around the festival perimeter, inside the event, and outside artists' hotels.

An online fundraiser started to support victims and their families has, as of 20 March 2019, raised over NZ$6.7 million. Counting other fundraisers, a combined total of $8.4 million has been raised for the victims and their families (as of 20 March 2019). Prime Minister Ardern reiterated that those injured or killed in the shootings and their immediate families are covered by the country's accident-compensation scheme, which offers compensation for lost income and a $10,000 funeral grant, among other benefits.

The mosques involved in the attacks, and others around the country and the world, have become the focus of vigils, messages, and floral tributes. The mayor of Christchurch, Lianne Dalziel, encouraged people to lay flowers outside the city's Botanic Gardens. As a mark of sympathy and solidarity, school pupils and other groups performed haka and waiata to honour those killed in the attacks. Street gangs including the Mongrel Mob, Black Power, and the King Cobras sent members to mosques around the country to help protect them during prayer time. One week after the attacks an open-air Friday prayer service, attended by 20,000 people including Prime Minister Ardern and broadcast nationally, was held in Hagley Park. Ardern said "New Zealand mourns with you. We are one." The mosque's imam thanked New Zealanders for their support and added, "We are broken-hearted but we are not broken."

Video

The live stream was re-posted on many video streaming services including Facebook, LiveLeak and YouTube. Police, Muslim-advocacy groups and government agencies urged anyone who finds the footage to take it down or report it. The New Zealand Office of Film and Literature Classification quickly classified the video as "objectionable", making it a criminal offence in the country to distribute, copy, or exhibit the video, with potential penalties of up to 14 years' imprisonment for an individual, or up to $100,000 in fines for a corporation.^:124 An 18-year-old man appeared in Christchurch District Court on 18 March faced with a charge of distributing the video, and a second charge of making an objectionable publication by posting, between 8 and 15 March, a photo of the Al Noor mosque with the message "target acquired", as well as other chat messages "inciting extreme violence".

Several media organisations in Australia and tabloid-newspaper websites in the United Kingdom broadcast parts of the live stream, up to the point the gunman entered the building, despite pleas from the New Zealand Police not to show it. Sky Television New Zealand temporarily stopped its syndication of Sky News Australia after that network showed the footage, and said it was working with Sky News Australia to prevent further displays of the video. At least three Internet service providers in New Zealand blocked access to 8chan and other sites related to the attack, and have temporarily blocked other sites hosting the video such as 4chan, LiveLeak, and Mega until they comply with requests to take down copies of the video. The administrator of Kiwi Farms publicly refused a request from a New Zealand detective for user data regarding posts about the attacks.

Social-media sites including Facebook, YouTube, Reddit and Twitter said they were working diligently to remove the video of the first attack from their platforms and would also remove anything posted in support of the attacks. According to Facebook, no complaints were made about the video until twelve minutes after it ended, and the original video from the attacker had been viewed fewer than 200 times before the service was notified of its content, and had been viewed 4,000 times before it was removed. Removal occurred within minutes of notification, with Facebook creating a digital hash fingerprint to detect further uploads; however by this point the video had been propagated on other sites. Facebook said it had blocked 1.5 million uploads of the video and images in the day after the attack, including edited versions, from their service, with most blocked through the hash fingerprint to prevent visibility. Reddit banned "subreddits" named "WatchPeopleDie" and "Gore", saying threads there had glorified the attacks, in violation of user agreements. Despite this response, New Zealand officials as well as other world leaders have asked Facebook, YouTube, and other major social sites to take responsibility for extremist content posted on their services. Microsoft, in light of how social media sites handled the content related to the shooting, proposed the establishment of industry-wide standard that would flag such content quickly, and in the wake of similar major event, operate a joint virtual command center to manage and control the spread of such information via social media.

Stuart Bender, a research fellow at Curtin University in Perth, noted that the use of live video as an integral part of the attacks "makes the attack a form of 'performance crime' where the act of video recording and/or streaming the violence by the perpetrator is a central component of the violence itself, rather than being incidental."

Just before carrying out the attack, the gunman said for the live stream camera, "remember lads, subscribe to PewDiePie", a meme referring to the popular Swedish YouTube personality Felix Kjellberg who goes by the alias PewDiePie. Invoking the meme was apparently intended as a means of spreading the news about the attacks to the tens of millions of followers of the channel, a continuation of same intent as the "shitposting" of the manifesto. In reaction, many of those who have popularised the meme called for its use to be discontinued. Kjellberg posted on Twitter, "I feel absolutely sickened having my name uttered by this person," and gave his condolences to those affected.

Reactions

World leaders

Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited members of the Muslim community at the Phillipstown Community Hub in Christchurch the day after the attacks.

Prime Minister Ardern called the incident an "act of extreme and unprecedented violence" on "one of New Zealand's darkest days". She described it as a well-planned terrorist attack. She said she would render the person accused of the attacks "nameless" and urged the public to speak the victims' names instead. Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand, said she was "deeply saddened" by the attack.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau delivers remarks on the terrorist attack in Christchurch, New Zealand

Other politicians and world leaders also condemned the attacks, with some attributing them to rising Islamophobia.

The Prime Minister of Pakistan, Imran Khan, announced that Pakistani emigrant Naeem Rashid, who confronted the gunman and was killed in the attack on the Al Noor mosque, would be posthumously honoured with a national award for his courage.

The Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina, announced that "In the future, whenever we send our cricket team abroad, we will do that after examining and reviewing the security matters of the host countries" and added that Bangladesh had always provided highest security to visiting foreign teams.

The President of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, showed footage taken by the attacker to his supporters at campaign rallies for upcoming local elections. The New Zealand and Australian governments, as well as Turkey's main opposition party, have criticised his actions.

When asked after the attacks if he thought white nationalists were a growing threat around the world, President of the United States Donald Trump replied "I don't really. I think it's a small group of people that have very, very serious problems. It's certainly a terrible thing." The United Kingdom's domestic intelligence service, MI5, launched an enquiry into the gunman's possible links to the British far-right.

Far-right

Two New Zealand-based anti-immigration groups quickly condemned the attacks, distanced themselves from the perpetrator and shut down their websites. A number of 8chan users praised the attack. Andrew Anglin, editor of The Daily Stormer, called the gunman "a folk hero to so many".

Gun laws

For broader coverage of this topic, see Gun laws in New Zealand.

Gun laws in New Zealand came under scrutiny in the aftermath, specifically the legality of military-style semi-automatic rifles compared to Australia, which banned them after the Port Arthur massacre, in 1996. As Philip Alpers of GunPolicy.org noted, "New Zealand is almost alone with the United States in not registering 96 percent of its firearms ... one can assume that the ease of obtaining these firearms may have been a factor in his decision to commit the crime in Christchurch."

Prime Minister Ardern announced: "Our gun laws will change, now is the time ... People will be seeking change, and I am committed to that." She continued, "There have been attempts to change our laws in 2005, 2012 and after an inquiry in 2017. Now is the time for change." Attorney-General David Parker was later quoted as saying that the government would ban semi-automatic guns, but subsequently backtracked on this statement, saying that the government had not yet committed to anything and that regulations around semi-automatic weapons was "one of the issues" the government would consider. The New Zealand auction website Trade Me banned the sale of semi-automatic weapons on its platform.

At a press conference on 18 March, Ardern said details of the proposed reforms would be given by 25 March. On 21 March, she announced a ban, adding that she was working to have legislation in place as early as 11 April. As a transitional measure, from 3:00 pm that day, some semi-automatic rifles and shotguns were classified as requiring the owner to hold a licence with an "E" endorsement. "After a reasonable period for returns, those who continue to possess these firearms will be in contravention of the law," Radio New Zealand reported. A "gun buy-back" scheme is also being considered.

The day after the attack, some gun-store owners reported an increase in sales, particularly of semi-automatic weapons, in response to the prospect of stricter laws. However, David Tipple, owner of the Gun City chain of stores, said, "There's been a lot of talk about panic-buying and it's a lie." Some New Zealand gun owners responded to the attacks by voluntarily handing in their weapons to police. In 2018, it was reported that of the 1.5 million registered firearms in New Zealand, 15,000 were semi-automatic weapons. Despite this number, and despite police appeals, the Cabinet is still undecided on the creation of a register.

See also

• List of Islamophobic incidents
• Quebec City mosque shooting
• Pittsburgh synagogue shooting
• Cave of the Patriarchs massacre
• Toulouse and Montauban shootings

External links

• Quotations related to 79.168.3.237/Christchurch mosque shootings at Wikiquote
• Media related to 79.168.3.237/Christchurch mosque shootings at Wikimedia Commons