39th United States Congress

39th United States Congress
38th ← → 40th
United States Capitol (1877)
March 4, 1865 – March 4, 1867
Members	54 senators 193 representatives 9 non-voting delegates
Senate majority	Republican
Senate President	Andrew Johnson (D) until April 15, 1865 Vacant from April 15, 1865
House majority	Republican
House Speaker	Schuyler Colfax (R)
Sessions
Special: March 4, 1865 – March 11, 1865 1st: December 4, 1865 – July 28, 1866 2nd: December 3, 1866 – March 4, 1867

The Thirty-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1865, to March 4, 1867, during the first month of Abraham Lincoln's fifth year as president, and the first two years of the administration of his successor, U.S. President Andrew Johnson.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eighth Census of the United States in 1860. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

Major events

Main articles: 1865 in the United States, 1866 in the United States, and 1867 in the United States

• March 4, 1865: Second inauguration of President Abraham Lincoln.
• April 9, 1865: Surrender of Confederate forces at Appomattox Court House, effectively ending the American Civil War
• April 15, 1865: Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, Vice President Andrew Johnson became President of the United States
• December 11, 1865: Creation of the House Appropriations Committee and the House Banking and Commerce Committee, reducing the tasks of the House Ways and Means Committee
• January, 1866: The second and current United States Capitol dome completed after 11 years of work.
• July 24, 1866: Tennessee became the first U.S. state to be readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War.
• November 5, 1866: United States House of Representatives elections, 1866
• January 8, 1867: African American men are granted the right to vote in the District of Columbia

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 39th Congress

• April 9, 1866: Civil Rights Act of 1866, Sess. 1, ch. 31, 14 Stat. 27
• July 16, 1866: Freedmen's Bureau Bill, Sess. 1, ch. 200, 14 Stat. 173
• July 23, 1866: Judicial Circuits Act, Sess. 1, ch. 210, 14 Stat. 209, reduced the number of United States circuit courts to nine and the number of Supreme Court justices to seven
• July 25, 1866: An Act to revive the Grade of General in the United States Army, Sess. 1, ch. 232, 14 Stat. 223, (now called "5-star general"); Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant became the first to have this rank.
• July 28, 1866: Metric Act of 1866, Sess. 1, ch. 301, 14 Stat. 339, legalized the use of the metric system for weights and measures in the United States.
• March 2, 1867: Reconstruction Act, ch. 153, 14 Stat. 428 established five military districts, each headed by a general, in ten states of the former Confederate South (Tennessee excepted), and stipulates conditions for re-admission of these States into the Union.
• March 2, 1867: Tenure of Office Act, ch. 154, 14 Stat. 430 required the president to obtain the Senate's advice and consent to suspend or dismiss certain federal public officials (notably cabinet officers). Violation of this act will lead to the impeachment of Andrew Johnson by the next (40th) Congress in 1868.

Constitutional amendments

• December 18, 1865: Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution declared ratified
• June 13, 1866: Approved an amendment to the Constitution addressing citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification
  • Amendment was later ratified on July 9, 1868, becoming the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

States admitted

• July 24, 1866: Tennessee readmitted to representation.
• March 1, 1867: Nebraska admitted as the 37th state, Sess. 2, ch. 36, 14 Stat. 391 (over president's veto)

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

During this Congress, two seats were added for the new state of Nebraska.

	Party (shading shows control)				Total	Vacant
	Democratic (D)	Republican (R)	Unionist (U)	Unconditional Unionist (UU)
End of previous congress	10	33	3	4	50	22
Begin	9	37	1	1	48	24
End	8	41	3	2	54	20
Final voting share	14.8%	75.9%	5.6%	3.7%
Beginning of next congress	8	45	0	0	53	21

House of Representatives

During this Congress, one seat was added for the new state of Nebraska.

	Party (shading shows control)						Total	Vacant
	Democratic (D)	Republican (R)	Independent Republican (IR)	Unionist (U)	Unconditional Unionist (UU)	Other
End of previous congress	72	84	2	9	16	0	183	56
Begin	40	132	1	0	10	0	183	59
End	39	135		4	13		192	51
Final voting share	20.3%	70.3%	0.5%	2.1%	6.8%	0.0%
Beginning of next congress	45	140	1	0	0	2	188	55

Leadership

President of the Senate
Andrew Johnson, until April 15, 1865

Senate

• President: Andrew Johnson (D), until April 15, 1865; vacant thereafter.
• President pro tempore: Lafayette S. Foster (R), until March 2, 1867
  • Benjamin F. Wade (R), elected March 2, 1867
• Republican Conference Chairman: Henry B. Anthony

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Schuyler Colfax (R)
• Republican Conference Chairman: Justin S. Morrill

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1870; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1866.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Alabama

• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant

Arkansas

• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant

California

• 3. James A. McDougall (D)
• 1. John Conness (R)

Connecticut

• 3. Lafayette S. Foster (R)
• 1. James Dixon (R)

Delaware

• 2. Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (D)
• 1. George Read Riddle (D)

Florida

• 1. Vacant
• 3. Vacant

Georgia

• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant

Illinois

• 3. Lyman Trumbull (R)
• 2. Richard Yates (R)

Indiana

• 3. Henry S. Lane (R)
• 1. Thomas A. Hendricks (D)

Iowa

• 3. James Harlan (R), until May 15, 1865
  • Samuel J. Kirkwood (R), from January 13, 1866
• 2. James W. Grimes (R)

Kansas

• 3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (R)
• 2. James H. Lane (R), until July 11, 1866
  • Edmund G. Ross (R), from July 19, 1866

Kentucky

• 3. Garrett Davis (U)
• 2. James Guthrie (D)

Louisiana

• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant

Maine

• 1. Lot M. Morrill (R)
• 2. William Pitt Fessenden (R)

Maryland

• 1. Reverdy Johnson (D)
• 3. John A. J. Creswell (UU), from March 9, 1865

Massachusetts

• 1. Charles Sumner (R)
• 2. Henry Wilson (R)

Michigan

• 1. Zachariah Chandler (R)
• 2. Jacob M. Howard (R)

Minnesota

• 1. Alexander Ramsey (R)
• 2. Daniel S. Norton (R)

Mississippi

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant

Missouri

• 1. John B. Henderson (R)
• 3. B. Gratz Brown (R)

Nebraska

• 2. John M. Thayer (R), from March 1, 1867 (newly admitted state)
• 1. Thomas Tipton (R), from March 1, 1867 (newly admitted state)

Nevada

• 1. William M. Stewart (R)
• 3. James W. Nye (R)

New Hampshire

• 3. Daniel Clark (R), until July 27, 1866
  • George G. Fogg (R), from August 31, 1866
• 2. Aaron H. Cragin (R)

New Jersey

• 1. William Wright (D), until November 1, 1866
  • Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R), from November 12, 1866
• 2. John P. Stockton (D), March 15, 1865 – March 27, 1866
  • Alexander G. Cattell (R), from September 19, 1866

New York

• 3. Ira Harris (R)
• 1. Edwin D. Morgan (R)

North Carolina

• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant

Ohio

• 1. Benjamin F. Wade (R)
• 3. John Sherman (R)

Oregon

• 3. James W. Nesmith (D)
• 2. George H. Williams (R)

Pennsylvania

• 3. Edgar Cowan (R)
• 1. Charles R. Buckalew (D)

Rhode Island

• 2. Henry B. Anthony (R)
• 1. William Sprague (R)

South Carolina

• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant

Tennessee

• 2. Joseph S. Fowler (U), from July 24, 1866
• 1. David T. Patterson (U), from July 28, 1866

Texas

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant

Vermont

• 1. Solomon Foot (R), until March 28, 1866
  • George F. Edmunds (R), from April 3, 1866
• 3. Jacob Collamer (R), until November 9, 1865
  • Luke P. Poland (R), from November 21, 1865

Virginia

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant

West Virginia

• 1. Peter G. Van Winkle (UU)
• 2. Waitman T. Willey (R)

Wisconsin

• 1. James R. Doolittle (R)
• 3. Timothy O. Howe (R)

Senate President pro tempore
Lafayette S. Foster, until March 2, 1867

Senate President pro tempore
Benjamin F. Wade, from March 2, 1867

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant
• 4. Vacant
• 5. Vacant
• 6. Vacant

Arkansas

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant

California

(3 Republicans)

• 1. Donald C. McRuer (R)
• 2. William Higby (R)
• 3. John Bidwell (R)

Connecticut

(4 Republicans)

• 1. Henry C. Deming (R)
• 2. Samuel L. Warner (R)
• 3. Augustus Brandegee (R)
• 4. John H. Hubbard (R)

Delaware

(1 Democrat)

• At-large. John A. Nicholson (D)

Florida

• At-large. Vacant

Georgia

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant
• 4. Vacant
• 5. Vacant
• 6. Vacant
• 7. Vacant

Illinois

(11-3 Republican)

• 1. John Wentworth (R)
• 2. John F. Farnsworth (R)
• 3. Elihu B. Washburne (R)
• 4. Abner C. Harding (R)
• 5. Ebon C. Ingersoll (R)
• 6. Burton C. Cook (R)
• 7. Henry P. H. Bromwell (R)
• 8. Shelby M. Cullom (R)
• 9. Lewis W. Ross (D)
• 10. Anthony Thornton (D)
• 11. Samuel S. Marshall (D)
• 12. Jehu Baker (R)
• 13. Andrew J. Kuykendall (R)
• At-large. Samuel W. Moulton (R)

Indiana

(8-3 Republican)

• 1. William E. Niblack (D)
• 2. Michael C. Kerr (D)
• 3. Ralph Hill (R)
• 4. John H. Farquhar (R)
• 5. George W. Julian (R)
• 6. Ebenezer Dumont (R)
• 7. Daniel W. Voorhees (D), until February 23, 1866
  • Henry D. Washburn (R), from February 23, 1866
• 8. Godlove S. Orth (R)
• 9. Schuyler Colfax (R)
• 10. Joseph H. Defrees (R)
• 11. Thomas N. Stilwell (R)

Iowa

(6 Republicans)

• 1. James F. Wilson (R)
• 2. Hiram Price (R)
• 3. William B. Allison (R)
• 4. Josiah B. Grinnell (R)
• 5. John A. Kasson (R)
• 6. Asahel W. Hubbard (R)

Kansas

(1 Republican)

• At-large. Sidney Clarke (R)

Kentucky

(5-4 Democratic)

• 1. Lawrence S. Trimble (D)
• 2. Burwell C. Ritter (D)
• 3. Henry Grider (D), until September 7, 1866
  • Elijah Hise (D), from December 3, 1866
• 4. Aaron Harding (D)
• 5. Lovell H. Rousseau (UU), until July 21, 1866, and from December 3, 1866
• 6. Green C. Smith (UU), until July ??, 1866
  • Andrew H. Ward (D), from December 3, 1866
• 7. George S. Shanklin (D)
• 8. William H. Randall (UU)
• 9. Samuel McKee (UU)

Louisiana

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant
• 4. Vacant
• 5. Vacant

Maine

(5 Republicans)

• 1. John Lynch (R)
• 2. Sidney Perham (R)
• 3. James G. Blaine (R)
• 4. John H. Rice (R)
• 5. Frederick A. Pike (R)

Maryland

(3-2 Unconditional Unionist)

• 1. Hiram McCullough (D)
• 2. Edwin H. Webster (UU), until July ??, 1865
  • John L. Thomas Jr. (UU), from December 4, 1865
• 3. Charles E. Phelps (UU)
• 4. Francis Thomas (UU)
• 5. Benjamin G. Harris (D)

Massachusetts

(10 Republicans)

• 1. Thomas D. Eliot (R)
• 2. Oakes Ames (R)
• 3. Alexander H. Rice (R)
• 4. Samuel Hooper (R)
• 5. John B. Alley (R)
• 6. Daniel W. Gooch (R), until September 1, 1865
  • Nathaniel P. Banks (R), from December 4, 1865
• 7. George S. Boutwell (R)
• 8. John D. Baldwin (R)
• 9. William B. Washburn (R)
• 10. Henry L. Dawes (R)

Michigan

(6 Republicans)

• 1. Fernando C. Beaman (R)
• 2. Charles Upson (R)
• 3. John W. Longyear (R)
• 4. Thomas W. Ferry (R)
• 5. Rowland E. Trowbridge (R)
• 6. John F. Driggs (R)

Minnesota

(2 Republicans)

• 1. William Windom (R)
• 2. Ignatius L. Donnelly (R)

Mississippi

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant
• 4. Vacant
• 5. Vacant

Missouri

(8-1 Republican)

• 1. John Hogan (D)
• 2. Henry T. Blow (R)
• 3. Thomas E. Noell (R)
• 4. John R. Kelso (IR)
• 5. Joseph W. McClurg (R)
• 6. Robert T. Van Horn (R)
• 7. Benjamin F. Loan (R)
• 8. John F. Benjamin (R)
• 9. George W. Anderson (R)

Nebraska

(1 Republican)

• At-large. Turner M. Marquette (R), from March 2, 1867 (newly admitted state)

Nevada

(1 Republican)

• At-large. Delos R. Ashley (R)

New Hampshire

(3 Republicans)

• 1. Gilman Marston (R)
• 2. Edward H. Rollins (R)
• 3. James W. Patterson (R)

New Jersey

(3-2 Democratic)

• 1. John F. Starr (R)
• 2. William A. Newell (R)
• 3. Charles Sitgreaves (D)
• 4. Andrew J. Rogers (D)
• 5. Edwin R. V. Wright (D)

New York

(20–11 Republican)

• 1. Stephen Taber (D)
• 2. Teunis G. Bergen (D)
• 3. James Humphrey (R), until June 16, 1866
  • John W. Hunter (D), from December 4, 1866
• 4. Morgan Jones (D)
• 5. Nelson Taylor (D)
• 6. Henry J. Raymond (R)
• 7. John W. Chanler (D)
• 8. James Brooks (D), until April 7, 1866
  • William E. Dodge (R), from April 7, 1866
• 9. William A. Darling (R)
• 10. William Radford (D)
• 11. Charles H. Winfield (D)
• 12. John H. Ketcham (R)
• 13. Edwin N. Hubbell (D)
• 14. Charles Goodyear (D)
• 15. John A. Griswold (R)
• 16. Orlando Kellogg (R), until August 24, 1865
  • Robert S. Hale (R), from December 3, 1865
• 17. Calvin T. Hulburd (R)
• 18. James M. Marvin (R)
• 19. Demas Hubbard Jr. (R)
• 20. Addison H. Laflin (R)
• 21. Roscoe Conkling (R)
• 22. Sidney T. Holmes (R)
• 23. Thomas T. Davis (R)
• 24. Theodore M. Pomeroy (R)
• 25. Daniel Morris (R)
• 26. Giles W. Hotchkiss (R)
• 27. Hamilton Ward Sr. (R)
• 28. Roswell Hart (R)
• 29. Burt Van Horn (R)
• 30. James M. Humphrey (D)
• 31. Henry H. Van Aernam (R)

North Carolina

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant
• 4. Vacant
• 5. Vacant
• 6. Vacant
• 7. Vacant

Ohio

(17-2 Republican)

• 1. Benjamin Eggleston (R)
• 2. Rutherford B. Hayes (R)
• 3. Robert C. Schenck (R)
• 4. William Lawrence (R)
• 5. Francis C. Le Blond (D)
• 6. Reader W. Clarke (R)
• 7. Samuel Shellabarger (R)
• 8. James R. Hubbell (R)
• 9. Ralph P. Buckland (R)
• 10. James M. Ashley (R)
• 11. Hezekiah S. Bundy (R)
• 12. William E. Finck (D)
• 13. Columbus Delano (R)
• 14. Martin Welker (R)
• 15. Tobias A. Plants (R)
• 16. John A. Bingham (R)
• 17. Ephraim R. Eckley (R)
• 18. Rufus P. Spalding (R)
• 19. James A. Garfield (R)

Oregon

(1 Republican)

• At-large. James H. D. Henderson (R)

Pennsylvania

(15-9 Republican)

• 1. Samuel J. Randall (D)
• 2. Charles O'Neill (R)
• 3. Leonard Myers (R)
• 4. William D. Kelley (R)
• 5. M. Russell Thayer (R)
• 6. Benjamin M. Boyer (D)
• 7. John M. Broomall (R)
• 8. Sydenham E. Ancona (D)
• 9. Thaddeus Stevens (R)
• 10. Myer Strouse (D)
• 11. Philip Johnson (D), until January 29, 1867
• 12. Charles Denison (D)
• 13. Ulysses Mercur (R)
• 14. George F. Miller (R)
• 15. Adam J. Glossbrenner (D)
• 16. Alexander H. Coffroth (D), February 19, 1866 – July 18, 1866
  • William H. Koontz (R), from July 18, 1866
• 17. Abraham A. Barker (R)
• 18. Stephen F. Wilson (R)
• 19. Glenni W. Scofield (R)
• 20. Charles V. Culver (R)
• 21. John L. Dawson (D)
• 22. James K. Moorhead (R)
• 23. Thomas Williams (R)
• 24. George V. Lawrence (R)

Rhode Island

(2 Republicans)

• 1. Thomas A. Jenckes (R)
• 2. Nathan F. Dixon, Jr. (R)

South Carolina

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant
• 4. Vacant

Tennessee

(8 Unconditional Unionists)

• 1. Nathaniel G. Taylor (U), from July 24, 1866
• 2. Horace Maynard (UU), from July 24, 1866
• 3. William B. Stokes (UU), from July 24, 1866
• 4. Edmund Cooper (U), from July 24, 1866
• 5. William B. Campbell (U), from July 24, 1866
• 6. Samuel M. Arnell (UU), from July 24, 1866
• 7. Isaac R. Hawkins (U), from July 24, 1866
• 8. John W. Leftwich (UU), from July 24, 1866

Texas

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant
• 4. Vacant

Vermont

(3 Republicans)

• 1. Frederick E. Woodbridge (R)
• 2. Justin S. Morrill (R)
• 3. Portus Baxter (R)

Virginia

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant
• 4. Vacant
• 5. Vacant
• 6. Vacant
• 7. Vacant
• 8. Vacant

West Virginia

(3 Unconditional Unionists)

• 1. Chester D. Hubbard (UU)
• 2. George R. Latham (UU)
• 3. Kellian V. Whaley (UU)

Wisconsin

(5-1 Republican)

• 1. Halbert E. Paine (R)
• 2. Ithamar C. Sloan (R)
• 3. Amasa Cobb (R)
• 4. Charles A. Eldredge (D)
• 5. Philetus Sawyer (R)
• 6. Walter D. McIndoe (R)

Non-voting members

(6-3 Republican)

• Arizona Territory. John N. Goodwin (R)
• Colorado Territory. Allen A. Bradford (R)
• Dakota Territory. Walter A. Burleigh (R)
• Idaho Territory. Edward D. Holbrook (D)
• Montana Territory. Samuel McLean (D)
• Nebraska Territory. Phineas W. Hitchcock (R), until March 1, 1867
• New Mexico Territory. J. Francisco Chaves (R)
• Utah Territory. William H. Hooper (D)
• Washington Territory. Arthur A. Denny (R)

House seats by party holding plurality in state
80.1-100% Democratic	80.1-100% Republican
60.1-80% Democratic	60.1-80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic	Up to 60% Republican

Speaker of the House
Schuyler Colfax

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

• replacements: 8
  • Democratic: 2-seat net loss
  • Republican: 2-seat net gain
  • Unionist: no net change
  • Unconditional Union: no net change
• deaths: 4
• resignations: 2
• vacancy: 1
• seats of newly admitted states: 2
• seats of re-admitted states: 2
• Total seats with changes: 12

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate; United States Senate elections, 1864 and 1865; and United States Senate elections, 1866 and 1867

|- | Maryland (3) | Vacant | Sen. Thomas Hicks had died during previous congress.
Successor elected March 9, 1865. | nowrap style="background:#FFAABB" | John Creswell (UU) | March 9, 1865

|- | New Jersey (2) | Vacant | Although elected in time for this Congress, the Senator-elect was not seated until March 15, 1865.
Senator was later removed in election dispute, see below. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | John P. Stockton (D) | March 15, 1865

|- | Tennessee (2) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | Tennessee re-admitted to the Union.
Senators were elected July 24, 1866. | nowrap style="background:#ffaacc" | Joseph S. Fowler (U) | July 24, 1866

|- | Tennessee (1) | nowrap style="background:#ffaacc" | David T. Patterson (U) | July 28, 1866

|- | Iowa (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James Harlan (R) | Resigned May 15, 1865, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of the Interior.
Successor elected January 13, 1866. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Samuel J. Kirkwood (R) | January 13, 1866

|- | Vermont (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Jacob Collamer (R) | Died November 9, 1865.
Successor was appointed November 21, 1865, to continue the term.
Appointee was elected October 24, 1866, to finish the term. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Luke P. Poland (R) | November 21, 1865

|- | New Jersey (2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | John P. Stockton (D) | Disputed election led to Senate vacating the seat March 27, 1866.
Successor elected September 19, 1866. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Alexander G. Cattell (R) | September 16, 1866

|- | Vermont (1) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Solomon Foot (R) | Died March 28, 1866.
Successor was appointed April 3, 1866, to continue the term.
Appointee was elected October 24, 1866, to finish the term. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | George F. Edmunds (R) | April 3, 1866

|- | Kansas (2) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James H. Lane (R) | Died July 11, 1866, after being mortally wounded from a self-inflicted gunshot 10 days earlier
Successor was appointed July 19, 1866, to continue the term.
Appointee was elected January 23, 1867, to finish the term. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Edmund G. Ross (R) | July 19, 1866

|- | New Hampshire (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Daniel Clark (R) | Resigned July 27, 1866, after being appointed Judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire.
Successor was appointed August 31, 1866. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | George G. Fogg (R) | August 31, 1866

|- | New Jersey (1) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | William Wright (D) | Died November 1, 1866.
Successor was appointed November 12, 1866.
Appointee was elected January 23, 1867, to finish the term. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R) | November 12, 1866

|- | Nebraska (1) | rowspan=2 | New seat | rowspan=2 | Nebraska admitted to the Union March 1, 1867. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Thomas Tipton (R) | rowspan=2 | March 1, 1867

|- | Nebraska (2) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John M. Thayer (R) |}

House of Representatives

• replacements: 9
  • Democratic: 1-seat net gain
  • Republican: 2-seat net gain
  • Unconditional Unionist: 1 seat net loss
  • Unionist: 0 net change
• deaths: 4
• resignations: 4
• contested election: 3
• seats from newly admitted states: 1
• seats from re-admitted states: 8
• Total seats with changes: 21

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

Template:Ordinal US Congress Rep |- | Tennessee 1st | rowspan=8 | Vacant | rowspan=8 | Tennessee re-admitted into the Union | nowrap style="background:#ffaacc" | Nathaniel G. Taylor (U) | rowspan=8 | July 24, 1866 |- | Tennessee 2nd | nowrap style="background:#ffaacc" | Horace Maynard (UU) |- | Tennessee 3rd | nowrap style="background:#ffaacc" | William B. Stokes (UU) |- | Tennessee 4th | nowrap style="background:#ffaacc" | Edmund Cooper (U) |- | Tennessee 5th | nowrap style="background:#ffaacc" | William B. Campbell (U) |- | Tennessee 6th | nowrap style="background:#ffaacc" | Samuel M. Arnell (UU) |- | Tennessee 7th | nowrap style="background:#ffaacc" | Isaac R. Hawkins (U) |- | Tennessee 8th | nowrap style="background:#ffaacc" | John W. Leftwich (UU) |- | Maryland 2nd | nowrap style="background:#ffaacc" | Edwin H. Webster (UU) | Resigned some time in July, 1865 after being appointed Collector of Customs for the port of Baltimore | nowrap style="background:#ffaacc" | John L. Thomas Jr. (UU) | December 4, 1865 |- | New York 16th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Orlando Kellogg (R) | Died August 24, 1865 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Robert S. Hale (R) | December 3, 1865 |- | Massachusetts 6th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Daniel W. Gooch (R) | Resigned September 1, 1865, after being appointed Navy Agent for the port of Boston | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Nathaniel P. Banks (R) | December 4, 1865 |- | Pennsylvania 16th | Vacant | incumbent Coffroth prevented from taking seat due to election contest | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Alexander H. Coffroth (D) | February 19, 1866 |- | Pennsylvania 16th | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Alexander H. Coffroth (D) | Lost contested election July 18, 1866 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | William H. Koontz (R) | July 18, 1866 |- | Indiana 7th | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Daniel W. Voorhees (D) | Lost contested election February 23, 1866 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Henry D. Washburn (R) | February 23, 1866 |- | New York 8th | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | James Brooks (D) | Lost contested election April 7, 1866 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | William E. Dodge (R) | April 7, 1866 |- | New York 3rd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James Humphrey (R) | Died June 16, 1866 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | John W. Hunter (D) | December 4, 1866 |- | Kentucky 6th | nowrap style="background:#ffaacc" | Green C. Smith (UU) | Resigned some time in July, 1866 after being appointed Governor of the Montana Territory. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Andrew H. Ward (D) | December 3, 1866 |- | Kentucky 5th | nowrap style="background:#ffaacc" | Lovell Rousseau (UU) | Resigned July 21, 1866, after being reprimanded for his assault of Iowa Rep. Josiah B. Grinnell. Was re-elected to fill his own seat. | nowrap style="background:#ffaacc" | Lovell Rousseau (UU) | December 3, 1866 |- | Kentucky 3rd | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Henry Grider (D) | Died September 7, 1866 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Elijah Hise (D) | December 3, 1866 |- | Pennsylvania 11th | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Philip Johnson (D) | Died January 29, 1867 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Nebraska Territory At-large | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Phineas Hitchcock (R) | Nebraska achieved statehood March 1, 1867 | colspan=2 | District eliminated |- | Nebraska At-large | New State | Nebraska admitted to the Union March 1, 1867. Seat remained vacant until March 2, 1867 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Turner M. Marquette (R) | March 2, 1867 |}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (1 link), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Senate

• Agriculture (Chairman: John Sherman)
• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: George H. Williams)
• Claims (Chairman: Timothy O. Howe)
• Coins, Weights and Measures (Select)
• Commerce (Chairman: Zachariah Chandler)
• Compensation (Select)
• Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: Lot M. Morrill)
• Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Aaron H. Cragin)
• Finance (Chairman: William P. Fessenden)
• Foreign Relations (Chairman: Charles Sumner)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: John B. Henderson)
• Interior Department Clerical Force (Select)
• Judiciary (Chairman: Lyman Trumbull)
• Manufactures (Chairman: William Sprague IV)
• Military Affairs and the Militia (Chairman: Henry Wilson)
• Mines and Mining (Chairman: John Conness)
• Mississippi River Levees Reconstruction (Select)
• National Banks (Select)
• National Telegraph Company (Select)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: James W. Grimes)
• Ordnance and War Ships (Select)
• Pacific Railroad (Chairman: Jacob M. Howard)
• Patents and the Patent Office (Chairman: Waitman T. Willey)
• Pensions (Chairman: Henry S. Lane)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Alexander Ramsey)
• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Ira Harris)
• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: B. Gratz Brown)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Samuel C. Pomeroy)
• Retrenchment
• Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Richard Yates)
• Tariff Regulation (Select)
• Territories (Chairman: Benjamin F. Wade)
• Whole

House of Representatives

• Accounts (Chairman: Edward H. Rollins)
• Agriculture (Chairman: John Bidwell)
• Appropriations (Chairman: Thaddeus Stevens)
• Banking and Currency (Chairman: Theodore M. Pomeroy)
• Claims (Chairman: Columbus Delano)
• Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: John A. Kasson)
• Commerce (Chairman: Elihu B. Washburne)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: Ebon C. Ingersoll)
• Elections (Chairman: Henry L. Dawes)
• Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: Ebenezer Dumont)
• Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: George W. Julian)
• Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Jehu Baker)
• Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Frederick A. Pike)
• Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: James M. Marvin)
• Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Henry C. Deming)
• Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: John W. Longyear)
• Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Nathaniel P. Banks)
• Freedmen's Affairs (Chairman: Thomas D. Eliot)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: William Windom)
• Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Sidney Perham)
• Judiciary (Chairman: James F. Wilson)
• Manufactures (Chairman: James K. Moorhead)
• Mileage (Chairman: George W. Anderson)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: Robert C. Schenck)
• Militia (Chairman: Abner C. Harding)
• Mines and Mining (Chairman: William Higby)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Alexander H. Rice)
• Pacific Railroads (Chairman: Hiram Price)
• Patents (Chairman: Thomas A. Jenckes)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John B. Alley)
• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: John H. Rice)
• Public Expenditures (Chairman: Calvin T. Hulburd)
• Public Lands (Chairman: George W. Julian)
• Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Glenni W. Scofield)
• Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Kellian V. Whaley)
• Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: Walter D. McIndoe)
• Roads and Canals (Chairman: Fernando C. Beaman)
• Rules (Select)
• Standards of Official Conduct
• Territories (Chairman: James M. Ashley)
• Ways and Means (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill)
• Whole

Joint committees

• Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
• Conduct of the War
• Enrolled Bills
• Retrenchment
• To Inquire into the Condition of the States which Formed the So-Called Confederate States

Caucuses

• Democratic (House)
• Democratic (Senate)

Employees

• Architect of the Capitol: Thomas U. Walter, resigned May 26, 1865
  • Edward Clark, appointed August 30, 1865
• Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford

Senate

• Chaplain: Edgar H. Gray (Baptist)
• Secretary: John W. Forney
• Sergeant at Arms: George T. Brown

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: Charles B. Boynton (Congregationalist)
• Clerk: Edward McPherson
• Doorkeeper: Ira Goodnow
• Messenger to the Speaker: William D. Todd
• Postmaster: Joshua Given
• Reading Clerks: [data missing]
• Sergeant at Arms: Nehemiah G. Ordway

See also

• United States elections, 1864 (elections leading to this Congress)
  • 1864 United States presidential election
  • United States Senate elections, 1864 and 1865
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1864
• United States elections, 1866 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
  • United States Senate elections, 1866 and 1867
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1866

Further reading

• Aynes, Richard L. "The 39th Congress (1865–1867) and the 14th Amendment: Some Preliminary Perspectives," Akron Law Review, 42 (no. 4, 2009), 1019–49.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Byrd, Robert C.; Wolff, Wendy (October 1, 1993). "The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992" (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office.

External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789–1875
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
• Congressional Directory for the 39th Congress, 1st Session.
• Congressional Directory for the 39th Congress, 2nd Session.

Transcripts of debates and proceedings

The Congressional Globe contains the official transcripts and proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Congress, although newspapers often provided their own transcripts that sometimes differed from the official ones. Following are external links to the pertinent volumes of the Globe, which are downloadable and/or searchable via Google Books and HathiTrust:

Congressional Globe, 39th Congress, External Links to Full Text

Session	Part	Start date	End date	Pages	Google	Hathi
First	One	December 4, 1865	February 21, 1866	1 to 960	EL	EL
First	Two	February 21, 1866	April 12, 1866	961 to 1920	EL	EL
First	Three	April 12, 1866	May 29, 1866	1921 to 2880	EL	EL
First	Four	May 29, 1866	July 16, 1866	2881 to 3840	EL	EL
First	Five	July 16, 1866	July 28, 1866	3841 to 4310, plus Appendix	EL	EL
Second	One	December 3, 1866	January 25, 1867	1 to 752	EL	EL
Second	Two	January 25, 1867	February 18, 1867	753 to 1504	EL	EL
Second	Three	February 18, 1867	March 2, 1867	1505 to 2005, plus Appendix	EL	EL