List of designer drugs

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Aethyta (talk | contribs) at 18:30, 6 October 2022. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

An assortment of several designer drugs.

Designer drugs are structural or functional analogues of controlled substances that are designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the parent drug while avoiding detection or classification as illegal. Many of the older designer drugs (research chemicals) are structural analogues of psychoactive tryptamines or phenethylamines but there are many other chemically unrelated new psychoactive substances that can be considered part of the designer drug group.[1][2][3][4] Designer drugs can also include substances that are not psychoactive in effect, such as analogues of controlled anabolic steroids and other performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs), including nootropics, weight loss drugs and erectile dysfunction medications. The pharmaceutical activities of these compounds might not be predictable based strictly upon structural examination. Many of the substances have common effects while structurally different or different effects while structurally similar due to SAR paradox. As a result of no real official naming for some of these compounds, as well as regional naming, this can all lead to potentially hazardous mix ups for users.[5] The following list is not exhaustive.

Psychedelics

See also: List of psychedelic drugs

A psychedelic substance is a psychoactive drug whose primary action is to alter cognition and perception. Psychedelics tend to affect and explore the mind in ways that result in the experience being qualitatively different from those of ordinary consciousness. The psychedelic experience is often compared to non-ordinary forms of consciousness such as trance, meditation, yoga, religious ecstasy, dreaming and even near-death experiences.

Lysergamides

Lysergamides are amide derivatives of the alkaloid lysergic acid.

Tryptamines

Drugs containing the tryptamine moiety are typically substrates for the serotonin receptors, in keeping with their close structural resemblance to serotonin, a neurotransmitter.

Benzofurans

Phenethylamines

Drugs containing the phenethylamine moiety bear close structural resemblance to dopamine but substitution on the benzene ring gives rise to drugs with a much higher affinity for serotonin receptors.

2C-x

2C-x class of psychedelics are 2,5-dimethoxy-phenethylamine derivatives.

NBxx

DOx

The DOx family of psychedelics are also known as "substituted amphetamines" as they contain the amphetamine backbone but are substituted on the benzene ring. This gives rise to serotonin agonists similar to the 2C-X class but more resistant to elimination in the body.

Dissociatives

Dissociatives are a class of hallucinogens which distort perceptions of sight and sound and produce feelings of detachment - dissociation - from the environment and self. This is done through reducing or blocking signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain. Although many kinds of drugs are capable of such action, dissociatives are unique in that they do so in such a way that they produce hallucinogenic effects, which may include sensory deprivation, dissociation, hallucinations, and dream-like states or trances. Some, which are nonselective in action and affect the dopamine and/or opioid systems, may be capable of inducing euphoria. Many dissociatives have general depressant effects and can produce sedation, respiratory depression, analgesia, anesthesia, and ataxia, as well as cognitive and memory impairment and amnesia.

Arylcyclohexylamines

Arylcyclohexylamines are the oldest and most widely used dissociatives. The class includes the well known anaesthetic, ketamine.

Diarylethylamines

Diarylethylamines began to appear on grey markets only as recently as 2013.

Misc

Piperazines

Piperazine containing designer drugs have effects similar to MDMA (ecstasy). This class of drugs are mimics of serotonin that activate 5-HT receptor subtypes that release norepinephrine and dopamine.

Empathogens

Empathogens are a class of psychoactive drugs that produce distinctive emotional and social effects similar to those of MDMA. Users of empathogens say the drugs often produce feelings of empathy, love, and emotional closeness to others.

MDxx

Substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamines (MDxx) are a large chemical class of derivatives of the phenethylamines, which includes many psychoactive drugs that act as entactogens, psychedelics, and/or stimulants, as well as entheogens.

Benzofurans

Benzofurans are similar in structure to MD(M)A but differ in that the methylenedioxy groups have been modified, removing one of the two oxygens in the methylenedioxy ring to render a benzofuran ring.

Miscellaneous polycyclic phenethylamines

Indane and tetralin-type phenethylamines are vaguely related to their amphetamine analogues.

Only one non-tryptamine indole has been sold, 5-IT. It shows strong MAOI activity.

  • 5-IT, 5-API, PAL-571

Tryptamines

Drugs containing the tryptamine moiety are typically substrates for the serotonin receptors, in keeping with their close structural resemblance to serotonin, a neurotransmitter.

  • αET, α-Ethyltryptamine, "Monase"
  • 5-MeO-αET, α,O-Diethylserotonin
  • αMT, α-Methyltryptamine, "Indopan"
  • 5-MeO-αMT, α,O-Dimethylserotonin

Amphetamines

Substituted amphetamines are a chemical class of stimulants, entactogens, hallucinogens, and other drugs. They feature a phenethylamine core with a methyl group attached to the alpha carbon resulting in amphetamine, along with additional substitutions.

  • 4-BA, 4-Bromoamphetamine, PBA
  • 4-CA, 4-Chloroamphetamine, PCA
  • 4-CMA, 4-Chloromethamphetamine, PCMA
  • 4-FA, 4-Fluoroamphetamine, PFA
  • 4-FMA, 4-Fluoromethamphetamine, PFMA
  • 4-Fluoroselegiline, 4F-Deprenyl
  • 4-MA, 4-Methylamphetamine, PAL-313
  • 4-MeOA, 4-Methoxyamphetamine, PMA, 4-MeO-A, "Death"
  • 4-MeOMA, 4-Methoxymethamphetamine, PMMA, 4-MeO-MA
  • 4-MTA, 4-Methylthioamphetamine
  • Methamnetamine, N-Methyl-PAL-287, Methylnaphetamine, MNT, MNA
  • MMA, 3-Methoxy-4-Methylamphetamine
  • 3-FEA, 3F-Ethamphetamine, 3-Fluoroethamphetamine

Stimulants

Stimulants produce a variety of different kinds of effects by enhancing the activity of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Common effects, which vary depending on the substance and dosage in question, may include enhanced alertness, awareness, wakefulness, endurance, productivity, and motivation, increased arousal, locomotion, heart rate, and blood pressure, and the perception of a diminished requirement for food and sleep.

Amphetamines

Amphetamines are a chemical class of stimulants, entactogens, hallucinogens, and other drugs. They feature a phenethylamine core with a methyl group attached to the alpha carbon resulting in amphetamine, along with additional substitutions.

Cathinones

Cathinones include some stimulants and entactogens, which are derivatives of cathinone. They feature a phenethylamine core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon, and a ketone group attached to the beta carbon, along with additional substitutions.

Pyrrolidines and Pyrrolidinophenones

Pyrrolidines are amphetamines with a pyrrolidine group. Pyrrolidinophenones (also called Pyrovalerones) are cathinones (βk-amphetamines) with a pyrrolidine group.

Thiophenes

Thiophenes are stimulant drugs which are analogues of amphetamine or cathinone where the phenyl ring has been replaced by thiophene.

Tropanes and Piperidines

Tropane alkaloids occur in plants of the families erythroxylaceae (including coca). Piperidine and its derivatives are ubiquitous building blocks in the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.

Oxazolidines

Oxazolidines are a five-membered ring compounds consisting of three carbons, a nitrogen, and an oxygen. The oxygen and NH are the 1 and 3 positions, respectively. In oxazolidine derivatives, there is always a carbon between the oxygen and the nitrogen.

Phenylmorpholines

Phenylmorpholines are a class of stimulants containing a phenethylamine skeleton in which the terminal amine is incorporated into a morpholine ring.

Misc

Sedatives

Sedatives are substances that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. At higher doses they may result in slurred speech, staggering gait, poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes. Doses of sedatives such as benzodiazepines, when used as a hypnotic to induce sleep, tend to be higher than amounts used to relieve anxiety, whereas only low doses are needed to provide a peaceful effect. Sedatives can be misused to produce an overly-calming effect. In the event of an overdose or if combined with another sedative, many of these drugs can cause unconsciousness and even death.

Opioids

See also: List of opioids and List of fentanyl analogues

Opioids have pharmacologic actions resembling morphine and other components of opium.

Benzodiazepines

See also: List of benzodiazepines

Thienodiazepines

GHB analogues

Methaqualone analogues

Misc

Synthetic cannabinoids

Main article: Synthetic cannabinoid

Agonists of the central cannabinoid receptor type 1 mimic the behavioral effects of cannabis.

Classical cannabinoids

Miscellaneous cannabinoids

Indazole based

Indazole containing cannabinoid receptor agonists include:

Indole based

Indole containing cannabinoid receptor agonists include:

Quinolinylindoles

Benzoylindoles

Adamantoylindoles

Naphthoylindoles

Phenylacetylindoles

Androgens

Androgenic anabolic steroids have approved medical uses as well as used illicitly as performance-enhancing drugs to build muscle mass and strength. Anabolic steroids that have been designed to evade detection in sport doping tests are known as "designer steroids".[82][83]

Testosterone based

DHT based

Estranes

SARMs

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are a novel class of androgen receptor ligands. They are intended to maintain the desirable muscle building effects of anabolic steroids while reducing undesirable androgenic actions (e.g., increased risk of prostate cancer). SARMs that are more selective in their action potentially could be used for a wider range clinical indications than the relatively limited legitimate uses that anabolic steroids are currently approved for.[84]

Others

Peptides

GHRH analogues

GHRH analogues stimulate the release of growth hormone.

Growth hormone secretagogue receptor agonists

Agonists of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor regulate energy homeostasis and body weight.

Others

PDE5 inhibitors

PDE5 inhibitors are typically used to treat pulmonary hypertension and erectile dysfunction.

Nootropics

This section is transcluded from Nootropic. (edit | history)

See also

References

  1. ^ "EMCDDA–Europol 2013 Annual Report on the information exchange, risk assessment and control of new psychoactive substances (implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA)". EMCDDA. July 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
  2. ^ "EMCDDA–Europol 2012 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA (New drugs in Europe, 2012)". EMCDDA. May 2013. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
  3. ^ "EMCDDA–Europol 2011 Annual Report on the (information exchange, risk assessment and control of new psychoactive substances) implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA". EMCDDA. April 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
  4. ^ "EMCDDA–Europol 2010 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA". EMCDDA. May 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
  5. ^ Shimizu E, Watanabe H, Kojima T, Hagiwara H, Fujisaki M, Miyatake R, et al. (January 2007). "Combined intoxication with methylone and 5-MeO-MIPT". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 31 (1): 288–91. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.06.012. PMID 16876302. S2CID 29089303.
  6. ^ Brandt, Simon D.; Kavanagh, Pierce V.; Westphal, Folker; Pulver, Benedikt; Schwelm, Hannes M.; Whitelock, Kyla; Stratford, Alexander; Auwärter, Volker; Halberstadt, Adam L. (May 2022). "Analytical profile, in vitro metabolism and behavioral properties of the lysergamide 1P-AL-LAD". Drug Testing and Analysis. doi:10.1002/dta.3281. ISSN 1942-7611. PMID 35524430.
  7. ^ "4-HO-DALT". Isomerdesign.
  8. ^ "5-MeO-NiPT". Isomerdesign.
  9. ^ PubChem. "N-[2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylcyclopropanamine". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  10. ^ Trachsel D, Lehmann D, Enzensperger C (2013). Phenethylamine Von der Struktur zur Funktion. Nachtschatten Verlag AG. ISBN 978-3-03788-700-4.
  11. ^ Glennon, Richard A.; Bondarev, Mikhail L.; Khorana, Nantaka; Young, Richard; May, Jesse A.; Hellberg, Mark R.; McLaughlin, Marsha A.; Sharif, Najam A. (November 2004). "β-Oxygenated Analogues of the 5-HT2ASerotonin Receptor Agonist 1-(4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 47 (24): 6034–6041. doi:10.1021/jm040082s. ISSN 0022-2623. PMID 15537358.
  12. ^ Beta-hydroxyphenylalkylamines and their use for treating glaucoma
  13. ^ Morris H, Wallach J (2014). "From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs". Drug Testing and Analysis. 6 (7–8): 614–32. doi:10.1002/dta.1620. PMID 24678061.
  14. ^ PubChem. "Difluoromethylenedioxybenzylpiperazine". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  15. ^ PubChem. "N-[1-(2,3-Dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)propan-2-yl]-N-methylhydroxylamine". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  16. ^ a b Uchiyama N, Shimokawa Y, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Demizu Y, Goda Y, Hakamatsuka T (1 July 2015). "N-OH-EDMA, and a cathinone derivative dimethoxy-α-PHP, newly identified in illegal products". Forensic Toxicology. 33 (2): 244–259. doi:10.1007/s11419-015-0268-7. PMC 4525202. PMID 26257833.
  17. ^ "2-FMC" (PDF). SWGDRUG. 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2014.
  18. ^ "2-Methylethcathinone". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  19. ^ PubChem. "2,4-Dimethylethcathinone". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  20. ^ PubChem. "2,4-Dimethylmethcathinone". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  21. ^ a b c d e f Kaizaki-Mitsumoto A, Noguchi N, Yamaguchi S, Odanaka Y, Matsubayashi S, Kumamoto H, et al. (January 2016). "Three 25-NBOMe-type drugs, three other phenethylamine-type drugs (25I-NBMD, RH34, and escaline), eight cathinone derivatives, and a phencyclidine analog MMXE, newly identified in ingredients of drug products before they were sold on the drug market". Forensic Toxicology. 34 (1): 108–114. doi:10.1007/s11419-015-0293-6. ISSN 1860-8965. S2CID 45890497.
  22. ^ "3-Ethylethcathinone". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  23. ^ "3-MeOMC". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
  24. ^ "3-MEC" (PDF). SWGDRUG. 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2014.
  25. ^ PubChem. "CID 82100370". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  26. ^ Harm S (11 April 1967). "US Patent 3313687 - Appetite-suppressing and weight reducing composition".
  27. ^ "4F-IVP". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  28. ^ "4-FPD". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  29. ^ a b c d e Uchiyama N, Matsuda S, Kawamura M, Shimokawa Y, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Aritake K, et al. (October 2014). "Characterization of four new designer drugs, 5-chloro-NNEI, NNEI indazole analog, α-PHPP and α-POP, with 11 newly distributed designer drugs in illegal products". Forensic Science International. 243: 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.03.013. PMID 24769262.
  30. ^ "4-methyl-N,N-DMC". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  31. ^ Weiß JA, Taschwer M, Kunert O, Schmid MG (March 2015). "Analysis of a new drug of abuse: cathinone derivative 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)pentan-1-one". Journal of Separation Science. 38 (5): 825–8. doi:10.1002/jssc.201401052. PMID 25545103.
  32. ^ PubChem. "N-Isopropylpentedrone". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  33. ^ PubChem. "1-(2,3-Dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-2-(ethylamino)pentan-1-one". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  34. ^ Gaspar H, Bronze S, Ciríaco S, Queirós CR, Matias A, Rodrigues J, et al. (July 2015). "4F-PBP (4'-fluoro-α-pyrrolidinobutyrophenone), a new substance of abuse: Structural characterization and purity NMR profiling". Forensic Science International. 252: 168–76. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.05.003. PMID 26005857.
  35. ^ Shintani-Ishida K, Nakamura M, Tojo M, Idota N, Ikegaya H (May 2015). "Identification and quantification of 4′-methoxy-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (4-MeOPBP) in human plasma and urine using LC–TOF-MS in an autopsy case". Forensic Toxicology. 33 (2): 348–354. doi:10.1007/s11419-015-0281-x. S2CID 24716021.
  36. ^ PubChem. "1-(2,3-Dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-ylbutan-1-one". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  37. ^ "α-PBT". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
  38. ^ PubChem. "1-(2,3-Dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-ylhexan-1-one". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  39. ^ "3,4-MDPHP". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  40. ^ "PV-8". Forendex. Southern Association of Forensic Scientists. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
  41. ^ "4-MeO-PV-9". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
  42. ^ "PV-10". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  43. ^ PubChem. "5-Methyl-2-phenylmorpholine". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  44. ^ "3-Fluorophenetrazine Hydrochloride". www.trc-canada.com.
  45. ^ PubChem. "4-Ethyl-3-methyl-2-phenylmorpholine". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  46. ^ PubChem. "3-Ethyl-2-phenylmorpholine". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  47. ^ Power JD, Scott KR, Gardner EA, Curran McAteer BM, O'Brien JE, Brehon M, et al. (January 2014). "The syntheses, characterization and in vitro metabolism of nitracaine, methoxypiperamide and mephtetramine". Drug Testing and Analysis. 6 (7–8): 668–75. doi:10.1002/dta.1616. PMID 24574100.
  48. ^ Odoardi, Sara; Mestria, Serena; Biosa, Giulia; Arfè, Raffaella; Tirri, Micaela; Marti, Matteo; Rossi, Sabina Strano (April 2021). "Metabolism study and toxicological determination of mephtetramine (MTTA) in biological samples by LC-HRMS". Drug Testing and Analysis. doi:10.1002/dta.3044. ISSN 1942-7611. PMC 8453881. PMID 33835674.
  49. ^ PubChem. "2-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylsulfinyl]-N-methylacetamide". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  50. ^ Vandeputte, Marthe M.; Cannaert, Annelies; Stove, Christophe P. (July 2020). "In vitro functional characterization of a panel of non-fentanyl opioid new psychoactive substances". Archives of Toxicology. 94 (11): 3819–3830. doi:10.1007/s00204-020-02855-7. hdl:1854/LU-8687070. ISSN 1432-0738. PMID 32734307. S2CID 220881657.
  51. ^ Oldenhof S, Ten Pierick A, Bruinsma J, Eustace S, Hulshof J, van den Berg J, Hoitink M (January 2020). "Identification of a novel fentanyl analog: p-Hydroxy-butyrylfentanyl". Drug Testing and Analysis. 12 (1): 152–155. doi:10.1002/dta.2695. PMID 31518047.
  52. ^ Blanckaert, Peter; Balcaen, Margot; Vanhee, Céline; Risseeuw, Martijn; Canfyn, Michaël; Desmedt, Bart; Calenbergh, Serge Van; Deconinck, Eric (June 2021). "Analytical characterization of "etonitazepyne," a new pyrrolidinyl-containing 2-benzylbenzimidazole opioid sold online". Drug Testing and Analysis. doi:10.1002/dta.3113. ISSN 1942-7611. PMID 34145779.
  53. ^ Krotulski AJ, Mohr AL, Papsun DM, Logan BK (January 2018). "Metabolism of novel opioid agonists U-47700 and U-49900 using human liver microsomes with confirmation in authentic urine specimens from drug users". Drug Testing and Analysis. 10 (1): 127–136. doi:10.1002/dta.2228. PMID 28608586.
  54. ^ "2-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-N-[(1S,2S)-2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-methylacetamide". ChemSpider.
  55. ^ Trigg, Sheena; Wells, Jason M.; McGann, Jasmine; Bock, Soeren; Holman, Adam; Harrison, Stephen M.; Goh, Ching Yong; Moggach, Stephen A.; Brown, David H. (June 2022). "The alprazolam analogue 4′‐chloro deschloroalprazolam identified in seized capsules". Drug Testing and Analysis. doi:10.1002/dta.3325. ISSN 1942-7603.
  56. ^ "ChemIDplus - 7-Bromo-5-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one". chem.nlm.nih.gov.
  57. ^ Andronati, S. A.; Zin'kovskiĭ, V. G.; Totrova, M. Iu; Golovenko, N. Ia; Stankevich, E. A.; Zhuk, O. V. (January 1992). "[Biokinetics of a new prodrug gidazepam and its metabolite]". Biulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii I Meditsiny. 113 (1): 45–47. ISSN 0365-9615. PMID 1356504.
  58. ^ "EG-2201". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  59. ^ a b Mogler, Lukas; Franz, Florian; Wilde, Maurice; Huppertz, Laura M.; Halter, Sebastian; Angerer, Verena; Moosmann, Bjoern; Auwärter, Volker (September 2018). "Phase I metabolism of the carbazole-derived synthetic cannabinoids EG-018, EG-2201, and MDMB-CHMCZCA and detection in human urine samples". Drug Testing and Analysis. 10 (9): 1417–1429. doi:10.1002/dta.2398. ISSN 1942-7611. PMID 29726116.
  60. ^ PubChem. "Methyl (S)-2-(9-(cyclohexylmethyl)-9H-carbazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  61. ^ a b c Qian Z, Jia W, Li T, Hua Z, Liu C (January 2017). "Identification and analytical characterization of four synthetic cannabinoids ADB-BICA, NNL-1, NNL-2, and PPA(N)-2201". Drug Testing and Analysis. 9 (1): 51–60. doi:10.1002/dta.1990. PMID 27239006.
  62. ^ Krotulski AJ, Mohr AL, Kacinko SL, Fogarty MF, Shuda SA, Diamond FX, et al. (September 2019). "4F-MDMB-BINACA: A New Synthetic Cannabinoid Widely Implicated in Forensic Casework". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 64 (5): 1451–1461. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.14101. PMID 31260580.
  63. ^ Haschimi B, Mogler L, Halter S, Giorgetti A, Schwarze B, Westphal F, et al. (September 2019). "Detection of the recently emerged synthetic cannabinoid 4F-MDMB-BINACA in "legal high" products and human urine specimens". Drug Testing and Analysis. 11 (9): 1377–1386. doi:10.1002/dta.2666. PMID 31228224.
  64. ^ PubChem. "5-Chloro AKB48". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  65. ^ "5F-MN-18". Forendex. Southern Association of Forensic Scientists. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  66. ^ "5F-NPB-22". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  67. ^ "5F-SDB-005". Forendex. Southern Association of Forensic Scientists. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
  68. ^ "AMB". Forendex. Southern Association of Forensic Scientists. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
  69. ^ Krotulski AJ, Mohr AL, Diamond FX, Logan BK (January 2020). "Detection and characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoid APP-BINACA in forensic casework". Drug Testing and Analysis. 12 (1): 136–144. doi:10.1002/dta.2698. PMID 31788963.
  70. ^ Nakajima JI, Takahashi M, Uemura N, Seto T, Fukaya H, Suzuki J, et al. (November 2014). "Identification of N,N-bis(1-pentylindol-3-yl-carboxy)naphthylamine (BiPICANA) found in an herbal blend product in the Tokyo metropolitan area and its cannabimimetic effects evaluated by in vitro [35S]GTPγS binding assays". Forensic Toxicology. 33: 84–92. doi:10.1007/s11419-014-0253-6. S2CID 25165289.
  71. ^ Pulver, Benedikt; Schönberger, Torsten; Weigel, Diana; Köck, Matthias; Eschenlohr, Yvonne; Lucas, Tobias; Podlesnik, Nika; Opatz, Till; Dreiseitel, Wolfgang; Pütz, Michael; Schäper, Jan; Jacobsen-Bauer, Andrea; Auwärter, Volker; Westphal, Folker. "Structure elucidation of the novel synthetic cannabinoid Cumyl-Tosyl-Indazole-3-Carboxamide (Cumyl-TsINACA) found in illicit products in Germany". Drug Testing and Analysis. doi:10.1002/dta.3261. ISSN 1942-7611. PMID 35338591.
  72. ^ PubChem. "Ethyl (2S)-2-[[1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]indazole-3-carbonyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  73. ^ "FUB-NPB-22". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  74. ^ "NPB-22". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  75. ^ Banister SD, Moir M, Stuart J, Kevin RC, Wood KE, Longworth M, et al. (September 2015). "Pharmacology of Indole and Indazole Synthetic Cannabinoid Designer Drugs AB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, AB-PINACA, ADB-PINACA, 5F-AB-PINACA, 5F-ADB-PINACA, ADBICA, and 5F-ADBICA". ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 6 (9): 1546–59. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00112. PMID 26134475.
  76. ^ PubChem. "[1-(5-Fluoropentyl)indol-3-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethanone". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  77. ^ Qian Z, Hua Z, Liu C, Jia W (January 2016). "Four types of cannabimimetic indazole and indole derivatives, ADB-BINACA, AB-FUBICA, ADB-FUBICA, and AB-BICA, identified as new psychoactive substances". Forensic Toxicology. 34 (1): 133–143. doi:10.1007/s11419-015-0297-2. PMC 4705129. PMID 26793280.
  78. ^ Deventer, M. H.; Van Uytfanghe, K.; Vinckier, I. M. J.; Reniero, F.; Guillou, C.; Stove, C. P. (May 2022). "A new cannabinoid receptor 1 selective agonist evading the 2021 'China ban': ADB-FUBIATA". Drug Testing and Analysis. doi:10.1002/dta.3285. ISSN 1942-7611. PMID 35570246.
  79. ^ Pasin, Daniel; Nedahl, Michael; Mollerup, Christian Brinch; Tortzen, Christian; Reitzel, Lotte Ask; Dalsgaard, Petur Weihe (June 2022). "Identification of the synthetic cannabinoid‐type new psychoactive substance, CH‐PIACA, in seized material". Drug Testing and Analysis: dta.3333. doi:10.1002/dta.3333. ISSN 1942-7603. PMID 35687099.
  80. ^ "CBL-018". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  81. ^ Wiley JL, Lefever TW, Cortes RA, Marusich JA (September 2014). "Cross-substitution of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and JWH-018 in drug discrimination in rats". Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. 124: 123–8. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2014.05.016. PMC 4150816. PMID 24887450.
  82. ^ Kazlauskas R (2010). "Designer steroids". Doping in Sports. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vol. 195. pp. 155–85. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_7. ISBN 978-3-540-79087-7. PMID 20020364. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  83. ^ Abushareeda W, Fragkaki A, Vonaparti A, Angelis Y, Tsivou M, Saad K, et al. (March 2014). "Advances in the detection of designer steroids in anti-doping". Bioanalysis. 6 (6): 881–96. doi:10.4155/bio.14.9. PMID 24702116.
  84. ^ Zhang X, Sui Z (February 2013). "Deciphering the selective androgen receptor modulators paradigm". Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery. 8 (2): 191–218. doi:10.1517/17460441.2013.741582. PMID 23231475. S2CID 2584722.
  85. ^ Takayama K, Noguchi Y, Aoki S, Takayama S, Yoshida M, Asari T, et al. (February 2015). "Identification of the minimum peptide from mouse myostatin prodomain for human myostatin inhibition". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 58 (3): 1544–9. doi:10.1021/jm501170d. PMID 25569186.
  86. ^ "Public Notification: "RigiRx Plus" Contains Undeclared Drug Ingredient". US FDA. 20 April 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_designer_drugs&oldid=1114481001"