40th United States Congress

40th United States Congress
39th ← → 41st
United States Capitol (1869)
March 4, 1867 – March 4, 1869
Members	68 senators 226 representatives 8 non-voting delegates
Senate majority	Republican
Senate President	Vacant
House majority	Republican
House Speaker	Schuyler Colfax (R) Theodore M. Pomeroy (R)
Sessions
Special: April 1, 1867 – April 20, 1867 1st: March 4, 1867 – December 1, 1867 2nd: December 2, 1867 – November 10, 1868 3rd: December 7, 1868 – March 4, 1869

The Fortieth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1867, to March 4, 1869, during the third and fourth years of Andrew Johnson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eighth Census of the United States in 1860. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

Major events

Main articles: 1867 in the United States, 1868 in the United States, and 1869 in the United States

• March 30, 1867: Alaska Purchase
• February 24, 1868: Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
• May 16, 1868: President Johnson acquitted
• May 26, 1868: President Johnson acquitted again
• November 3, 1868: 1868 presidential election: Ulysses S. Grant (R) defeated Horatio Seymour (D)
• December 25, 1868: President Johnson granted unconditional pardons to all Civil War rebels
• January 20, 1869: Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the first woman to testify before Congress

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation, 1789–1901 § 40th United States Congress

• Four Military Reconstruction Acts, continued:
  • March 2, 1867, ch. 153, 14 Stat. 428
  • March 23, 1867, ch. 6, 15 Stat. 2
  • July 19, 1867, ch. 30, 15 Stat. 14
  • March 11, 1868, ch. 25, 15 Stat. 41
• July 27, 1868: Expatriation Act of 1868, ch. 249, 15 Stat. 223

Constitutional amendments

• July 10, 1868: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution declared ratified
• February 26, 1869: Approved an amendment to the Constutiton prohibiting the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude", and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification
  • Amendment was later ratified on February 3, 1870, becoming the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Treaty

• February 16, 1868: Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) ratified
• April 29, 1868: Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), 15 Stat. 635, signed

Territories organized

• July 25, 1868: Wyoming Territory organized

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

During this Congress, Arkansas, Florida, Alabama, North Carolina, Louisiana, and South Carolina were readmitted to representation in both the Senate and the House. Georgia was readmitted with representation in the House only.

Senate

	Party (shading shows control)			Total	Vacant
	Democratic (D)	Republican (R)	Other
End of previous congress	8	41	5	54	20
Begin	8	45	0	53	21
End	9	57		66	8
Final voting share	13.6%	86.4%	0.0%
Beginning of next congress	9	57	0	66	8

House of Representatives

Affiliation	Party (Shading indicates majority/plurality caucus)						Total
	style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" |	style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" |	style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" |	style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" |		style="background-color:Template:Other Party (United States)/meta/color" |
	Democratic (D)	Republican (R)	Independent Republican (IR)	Conservative Republican (CR)	Conservative (C)	Other		Vacant
End of previous Congress	41	134	1	0	0	(Unionist & Unconditional Unionist) 17	193	49
Begin	45	140	1	1	1	0	188	55
End		170	2		2		220	23
Final voting share	20.5%	78.6%			0.9%	0.0%
Beginning of the next Congress	65	150	0	0	0	0	215	28

Leadership

Senate

• President: Vacant
• President pro tempore: Benjamin Wade (R)
• Republican Conference Chairman: Henry B. Anthony
• Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: James Rood Doolittle

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Schuyler Colfax (R), until March 3, 1869
  • Theodore M. Pomeroy (R), elected March 3, 1869. Served for 1 day.

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1870; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1872.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Alabama

• 2. Willard Warner (R), from July 13, 1868
• 3. George E. Spencer (R), from July 13, 1868

Arkansas

• 2. Alexander McDonald (R), from June 22, 1868
• 3. Benjamin F. Rice (R), from June 23, 1868

California

• 1. John Conness (R)
• 3. Cornelius Cole (R)

Connecticut

• 1. James Dixon (R)
• 3. Orris S. Ferry (R)

Delaware

• 1. George R. Riddle (D), until March 29, 1867
  • James A. Bayard, Jr. (D), from April 11, 1867
• 2. Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (D)

Florida

• 3. Thomas W. Osborn (R), from June 25, 1868
• 1. Adonijah Welch (R), from June 17, 1868

Georgia

• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant

Illinois

• 3. Lyman Trumbull (R)
• 2. Richard Yates (R)

Indiana

• 1. Thomas A. Hendricks (D)
• 3. Oliver H. P. T. Morton (R)

Iowa

• 2. James W. Grimes (R)
• 3. James Harlan (R)

Kansas

• 3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (R)
• 2. Edmund G. Ross (R)

Kentucky

• 3. Garrett Davis (D)
• 2. James Guthrie (D), until February 7, 1868
  • Thomas C. McCreery (D), from February 19, 1868

Louisiana

• 2. John S. Harris (R), from July 8, 1868
• 3. William Pitt Kellogg (R), from July 9, 1868

Maine

• 1. Lot M. Morrill (R)
• 2. William Pitt Fessenden (R)

Maryland

• 1. Reverdy Johnson (D), until July 10, 1868
  • William Pinkney Whyte (D), from July 13, 1868
• 3. George Vickers (D), from March 7, 1868

Massachusetts

• 1. Charles Sumner (R)
• 2. Henry Wilson (R)

Michigan

• 1. Zachariah Chandler (R)
• 2. Jacob M. Howard (R)

Minnesota

• 1. Alexander Ramsey (R)
• 2. Daniel S. Norton (R)

Mississippi

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant

Missouri

• 1. John B. Henderson (R)
• 3. Charles D. Drake (R)

Nebraska

• 2. John M. Thayer (R)
• 1. Thomas Tipton (R)

Nevada

• 1. William M. Stewart (R)
• 3. James W. Nye (R)

New Hampshire

• 2. Aaron H. Cragin (R)
• 3. James W. Patterson (R)

New Jersey

• 2. Alexander G. Cattell (R)
• 1. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R)

New York

• 1. Edwin D. Morgan (R)
• 3. Roscoe Conkling (R)

North Carolina

• 2. Joseph C. Abbott (R), from July 14, 1868
• 3. John Pool (R), from July 14, 1868

Ohio

• 1. Benjamin Wade (R)
• 3. John Sherman (R)

Oregon

• 2. George H. Williams (R)
• 3. Henry W. Corbett (R)

Pennsylvania

• 1. Charles R. Buckalew (D)
• 3. Simon Cameron (R)

Rhode Island

• 2. Henry B. Anthony (R)
• 1. William Sprague (R)

South Carolina

• 2. Thomas J. Robertson (R), from July 15, 1868
• 3. Frederick A. Sawyer (R), from July 16, 1868

Tennessee

• 2. Joseph S. Fowler (R)
• 1. David T. Patterson (D)

Texas

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant

Vermont

• 1. George F. Edmunds (R)
• 3. Justin S. Morrill (R)

Virginia

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant

West Virginia

• 1. Peter G. Van Winkle (R)
• 2. Waitman T. Willey (R)

Wisconsin

• 1. James R. Doolittle (R)
• 3. Timothy O. Howe (R)

President pro tempore
Benjamin F. Wade

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama

(6 Republicans)

• 1. Francis W. Kellogg (R), from July 22, 1868
• 2. Charles W. Buckley (R), from July 21, 1868
• 3. Benjamin W. Norris (R), from July 21, 1868
• 4. Charles W. Pierce (R), from July 21, 1868
• 5. John B. Callis (R), from July 21, 1868
• 6. Thomas Haughey (R), from July 21, 1868

Arkansas

(3 Republicans)

• 1. Logan H. Roots (R), from June 22, 1868
• 2. James M. Hinds (R), June 22, 1868 – October 22, 1868
  • James T. Elliott (R), from January 13, 1869
• 3. Thomas Boles (R), from June 22, 1868

California

(2-1 Democratic)

• 1. Samuel B. Axtell (D)
• 2. William Higby (R)
• 3. James A. Johnson (D)

Connecticut

(3-1 Democratic)

• 1. Richard D. Hubbard (D)
• 2. Julius Hotchkiss (D)
• 3. Henry H. Starkweather (R)
• 4. William H. Barnum (D)

Delaware

(1 Democrat)

• At-large. John A. Nicholson (D)

Florida

(1 Republican)

• At-large. Charles M. Hamilton (R), from July 1, 1868

Georgia

(4-2 Republican)

• 1. Joseph W. Clift (R), from July 25, 1868
• 2. Nelson Tift (D), from July 25, 1868
• 3. William P. Edwards (R), from July 25, 1868
• 4. Samuel F. Gove (R), from July 25, 1868
• 5. Charles H. Prince (R), from July 25, 1868
• 6. Vacant
• 7. Pierce M. B. Young (D), from July 25, 1868

Illinois

(11-3 Republican)

• 1. Norman B. Judd (R)
• 2. John F. Farnsworth (R)
• 3. Elihu B. Washburne (R)
• 4. Abner C. Harding (R)
• 5. Ebon C. Ingersoll (R)
• 6. Burton C. Cook (R)
• 7. Henry P. H. Bromwell (R)
• 8. Shelby M. Cullom (R)
• 9. Lewis W. Ross (D)
• 10. Albert G. Burr (D)
• 11. Samuel S. Marshall (D)
• 12. Jehu Baker (R)
• 13. Green B. Raum (R)
• At-large. John A. Logan (R)

Indiana

(8-3 Republican)

• 1. William E. Niblack (D)
• 2. Michael C. Kerr (D)
• 3. Morton C. Hunter (R)
• 4. William S. Holman (D)
• 5. George W. Julian (R)
• 6. John Coburn (R)
• 7. Henry D. Washburn (R)
• 8. Godlove S. Orth (R)
• 9. Schuyler Colfax (R)
• 10. William Williams (R)
• 11. John P. C. Shanks (R)

Iowa

(6 Republicans)

• 1. James F. Wilson (R)
• 2. Hiram Price (R)
• 3. William B. Allison (R)
• 4. William Loughridge (R)
• 5. Grenville M. Dodge (R)
• 6. Asahel W. Hubbard (R)

Kansas

(1 Republican)

• At-large. Sidney Clarke (R)

Kentucky

(8-1 Democratic)

• 1. Lawrence S. Trimble (D)
• 2. Vacant
• 3. Elijah Hise (D), until May 8, 1867
  • Jacob Golladay (D), from December 5, 1867
• 4. J. Proctor Knott (D)
• 5. Asa Grover (D)
• 6. Thomas L. Jones (D)
• 7. James B. Beck (D)
• 8. George M. Adams (D)
• 9. Samuel McKee (R), from June 22, 1868

Louisiana

(4-1 Republican)

• 1. J. Hale Sypher (R), from July 18, 1868
• 2. James Mann (D), July 18, 1868 – August 26, 1868
• 3. Joseph P. Newsham (R), from July 18, 1868
• 4. Michel Vidal (R), from July 18, 1868
• 5. W. Jasper Blackburn (R), from July 18, 1868

Maine

(5 Republicans)

• 1. John Lynch (R)
• 2. Sidney Perham (R)
• 3. James G. Blaine (R)
• 4. John A. Peters (R)
• 5. Frederick A. Pike (R)

Maryland

(3-1 Democratic, 1 Conservative)

• 1. Hiram McCullough (D)
• 2. Stevenson Archer (D)
• 3. Charles E. Phelps (C)
• 4. Francis Thomas (R)
• 5. Frederick Stone (D)

Massachusetts

(10 Republicans)

• 1. Thomas D. Eliot (R)
• 2. Oakes Ames (R)
• 3. Ginery Twichell (R)
• 4. Samuel Hooper (R)
• 5. Benjamin F. Butler (R)
• 6. Nathaniel P. Banks (R)
• 7. George S. Boutwell (R)
• 8. John D. Baldwin (R)
• 9. William B. Washburn (R)
• 10. Henry L. Dawes (R)

Michigan

(6 Republicans)

• 1. Fernando C. Beaman (R)
• 2. Charles Upson (R)
• 3. Austin Blair (R)
• 4. Thomas W. Ferry (R)
• 5. Rowland E. Trowbridge (R)
• 6. John F. Driggs (R)

Minnesota

(2 Republicans)

• 1. William Windom (R)
• 2. Ignatius L. Donnelly (R)

Mississippi

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant
• 4. Vacant
• 5. Vacant

Missouri

(8-1 Republican)

• 1. William A. Pile (R)
• 2. Carman A. Newcomb (R)
• 3. Thomas E. Noell (D), until October 3, 1867
  • James R. McCormick (D), from December 17, 1867
• 4. Joseph J. Gravely (R)
• 5. Joseph W. McClurg (R), until July 1868
  • John H. Stover (R), from December 7, 1868
• 6. Robert T. Van Horn (R)
• 7. Benjamin F. Loan (R)
• 8. John F. Benjamin (R)
• 9. George W. Anderson (R)

Nebraska

(1 Republican)

• At-large. John Taffe (R)

Nevada

(1 Republican)

• At-large. Delos R. Ashley (R)

New Hampshire

(3 Republicans)

• 1. Jacob H. Ela (R)
• 2. Aaron F. Stevens (R)
• 3. Jacob Benton (R)

New Jersey

(3-2 Republican)

• 1. William Moore (R)
• 2. Charles Haight (D)
• 3. Charles Sitgreaves (D)
• 4. John Hill (R)
• 5. George A. Halsey (R)

New York

(21-10 Republican)

• 1. Stephen Taber (D)
• 2. Demas Barnes (D)
• 3. William E. Robinson (D)
• 4. John Fox (D)
• 5. John Morrissey (D)
• 6. Thomas E. Stewart (CR)
• 7. John W. Chanler (D)
• 8. James Brooks (D)
• 9. Fernando Wood (D)
• 10. William H. Robertson (R)
• 11. Charles H. Van Wyck (R)
• 12. John H. Ketcham (R)
• 13. Thomas Cornell (R)
• 14. John V. L. Pruyn (D)
• 15. John A. Griswold (R)
• 16. Orange Ferriss (R)
• 17. Calvin T. Hulburd (R)
• 18. James M. Marvin (R)
• 19. William C. Fields (R)
• 20. Addison H. Laflin (R)
• 21. Roscoe Conkling (R), until March 4, 1867
  • Alexander H. Bailey (R), from November 30, 1867
• 22. John C. Churchill (R)
• 23. Dennis McCarthy (R)
• 24. Theodore M. Pomeroy (R)
• 25. William H. Kelsey (R)
• 26. William S. Lincoln (R)
• 27. Hamilton Ward, Sr. (R)
• 28. Lewis Selye (IR)
• 29. Burt Van Horn (R)
• 30. James M. Humphrey (D)
• 31. Henry H. Van Aernam (R)

North Carolina

(5-1 Republican)

• 1. John R. French (R), from July 15, 1868
• 2. David Heaton (R), from July 25, 1868
• 3. Oliver H. Dockery (R), from July 13, 1868
• 4. John T. Deweese (R), from July 6, 1868
• 5. Israel G. Lash (R), from July 20, 1868
• 6. Nathaniel Boyden (C), from July 13, 1868
• 7. Alexander H. Jones (R), from July 6, 1868

Ohio

(16-3 Republican)

• 1. Benjamin Eggleston (R)
• 2. Rutherford B. Hayes (R), until July 20, 1867
  • Samuel F. Cary (IR), from November 21, 1867
• 3. Robert C. Schenck (R)
• 4. William Lawrence (R)
• 5. William Mungen (D)
• 6. Reader W. Clarke (R)
• 7. Samuel Shellabarger (R)
• 8. Cornelius S. Hamilton (R), until December 22, 1867
  • John Beatty (R), from February 5, 1868
• 9. Ralph P. Buckland (R)
• 10. James M. Ashley (R)
• 11. John T. Wilson (R)
• 12. Philadelph Van Trump (D)
• 13. George W. Morgan (D), until June 3, 1868
  • Columbus Delano (R), from June 3, 1868
• 14. Martin Welker (R)
• 15. Tobias A. Plants (R)
• 16. John Bingham (R)
• 17. Ephraim R. Eckley (R)
• 18. Rufus P. Spalding (R)
• 19. James A. Garfield (R)

Oregon

(1 Republican)

• At-large. Rufus Mallory (R)

Pennsylvania

(18-6 Republican)

• 1. Samuel J. Randall (D)
• 2. Charles O'Neill (R)
• 3. Leonard Myers (R)
• 4. William D. Kelley (R)
• 5. Caleb N. Taylor (R)
• 6. Benjamin M. Boyer (D)
• 7. John M. Broomall (R)
• 8. J. Lawrence Getz (D)
• 9. Thaddeus Stevens (R), until August 11, 1868
  • Oliver J. Dickey (R), from December 7, 1868
• 10. Henry L. Cake (R)
• 11. Daniel M. Van Auken (D)
• 12. Charles Denison (D), until June 27, 1867
  • George W. Woodward (D), from November 21, 1867
• 13. Ulysses Mercur (R)
• 14. George F. Miller (R)
• 15. Adam J. Glossbrenner (D)
• 16. William H. Koontz (R)
• 17. Daniel J. Morrell (R)
• 18. Stephen F. Wilson (R)
• 19. Glenni W. Scofield (R)
• 20. Darwin A. Finney (R), until August 25, 1868
  • S. Newton Pettis (R), from December 7, 1868
• 21. John Covode (R)
• 22. James K. Moorhead (R)
• 23. Thomas Williams (R)
• 24. George V. Lawrence (R)

Rhode Island

(2 Republicans)

• 1. Thomas Jenckes (R)
• 2. Nathan F. Dixon, Jr. (R)

South Carolina

(4 Republicans)

• 1. B. Frank Whittemore (R), from July 18, 1868
• 2. Christopher C. Bowen (R), from July 18, 1868
• 3. M. Simeon Corley (R), from July 25, 1868
• 4. James H. Goss (R), from July 18, 1868

Tennessee

(8 Republicans)

• 1. Roderick R. Butler (R)
• 2. Horace Maynard (R)
• 3. William B. Stokes (R)
• 4. James Mullins (R)
• 5. John Trimble (R)
• 6. Samuel M. Arnell (R)
• 7. Isaac R. Hawkins (R)
• 8. David A. Nunn (R)

Texas

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant
• 4. Vacant

Vermont

(3 Republicans)

• 1. Frederick E. Woodbridge (R)
• 2. Luke P. Poland (R)
• 3. Worthington C. Smith (R)

Virginia

• 1. Vacant
• 2. Vacant
• 3. Vacant
• 4. Vacant
• 5. Vacant
• 6. Vacant
• 7. Vacant
• 8. Vacant

West Virginia

(3 Republicans)

• 1. Chester D. Hubbard (R)
• 2. Bethuel Kitchen (R)
• 3. Daniel Polsley (R)

Wisconsin

(5-1 Republican)

• 1. Halbert E. Paine (R)
• 2. Benjamin F. Hopkins (R)
• 3. Amasa Cobb (R)
• 4. Charles A. Eldredge (D)
• 5. Philetus Sawyer (R)
• 6. Cadwallader C. Washburn (R)

Non-voting members

(4-3 Democratic, 1 Independent)

• Arizona Territory. Coles Bashford (I)
• Colorado Territory. George M. Chilcott (R)
• Dakota Territory. Walter A. Burleigh (R)
• Idaho Territory. Edward D. Holbrook (D)
• Montana Territory. James M. Cavanaugh (D)
• New Mexico Territory. Charles P. Clever (D), from September 2, 1867 - February 20, 1869
  • J. Francisco Chaves (R), from February 20, 1869
• Utah Territory. William H. Hooper (D)
• Washington Territory. Alvan Flanders (R)

House seats by party holding plurality in state
80.1-100% Democratic	80.1-100% Republican
60.1-80% Democratic	60.1-80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic	Up to 60% Republican

Speaker of the House
Schuyler Colfax

Speaker of the House
Theodore M. Pomeroy

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

• replacements: 3
  • Democratic: 0 seat net loss
  • Republican: 0 seat net gain
• deaths: 1
• resignations: 2
• interim appointments: 1
• seats from newly re-admitted states: 12
• Total seats with changes: 16

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate

|- | Delaware (1) | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | George R. Riddle (D) | Died March 29, 1867.
Successor appointed April 5, 1867.
Appointee was subsequently elected January 19, 1869, to finish the term. | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | James A. Bayard, Jr. (D) | April 5, 1867

|- | Kentucky (2) | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | James Guthrie (D) | Resigned February 7, 1868, because of failing health.
Successor elected February 19, 1868. | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Thomas C. McCreery (D) | February 19, 1868

|- | Maryland (3) | Vacant | Filled vacancy caused by action of the Senate in declining to permit Philip F. Thomas to qualify.
Successor elected March 7, 1868. | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | George Vickers (D) | March 7, 1868

|- | Florida (1) | Vacant | Florida re-admitted to the Union | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Adonijah Welch (R) | June 17, 1868

|- | Arkansas (2) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | Arkansas re-admitted to the Union | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Alexander McDonald (R) | June 22, 1868

|- | Arkansas (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Benjamin F. Rice (R) | June 23, 1868

|- | Florida (3) | Vacant | Florida re-admitted to the Union | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Thomas W. Osborn (R) | June 25, 1868

|- | Louisiana (2) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | Louisiana re-admitted to the Union | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John S. Harris (R) | July 8, 1868

|- | Louisiana (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | William P. Kellogg (R) | July 9, 1868

|- | Alabama (2) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | Alabama re-admitted to the Union | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Willard Warner (R) | rowspan=3 | July 13, 1868

|- | Alabama (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | George E. Spencer (R)

|- | Maryland (1) | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Reverdy Johnson (D) | Resigned July 10, 1868, to become U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
Successor appointed July 13, 1868. | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | William P. Whyte (D)

|- | North Carolina (2) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | North Carolina re-admitted to the Union | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Joseph C. Abbott (R) | rowspan=2 | July 14, 1868

|- | North Carolina (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John Pool (R)

|- | South Carolina (2) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | South Carolina re-admitted to the Union | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Thomas J. Robertson (R) | July 15, 1868

|- | South Carolina (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Frederick A. Sawyer (R) | July 16, 1868

|}

House of Representatives

• replacements: 10
  • Democratic: 2 seat net loss
  • Republican: 0 seat net gain
  • Independent Republican: 1 seat net gain
  • Conservative: 0 seat net gain
• deaths: 8
• resignations: 3
• contested election: 3
• seats from re-admitted states: 32
• Total seats with changes: 44

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

|- | New Mexico Territory At-large | Vacant | Vacancy in term | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Charles P. Clever (D) | September 2, 1867

|- | Arkansas 1st | rowspan=3 | Vacant | rowspan=3 | Arkansas re-admitted into the Union | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Logan H. Roots (R) | rowspan=3 | June 22, 1868

|- | Arkansas 2nd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James M. Hinds (R)

|- | Arkansas 3rd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Thomas Boles (R)

|- | Kentucky 9th | Vacant | John D. Young presented credentials but failed to qualify. Election was contested by McKee. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Samuel McKee (R) | June 22, 1868

|- | Florida At-large | Vacant | Florida re-admitted into the Union | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Charles M. Hamilton (R) | July 1, 1868

|- | North Carolina 4th | rowspan=5 | Vacant | rowspan=5 | North Carolina re-admitted into the Union | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John T. Deweese (R) | rowspan=2 | July 6, 1868

|- | North Carolina 7th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Alexander H. Jones (R)

|- | North Carolina 3rd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Oliver H. Dockery (R) | rowspan=2 | July 13, 1868

|- | North Carolina 6th | nowrap style="background:#FF8C00" | Nathaniel Boyden (C)

|- | North Carolina 1st | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John R. French (R) | July 15, 1868

|- | Louisiana 1st | rowspan=5 | Vacant | rowspan=5 | Louisiana re-admitted into the Union | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | J. Hale Sypher (R) | rowspan=5 | July 18, 1868

|- | Louisiana 2nd | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | James Mann (D)

|- | Louisiana 3rd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Joseph P. Newsham (R)

|- | Louisiana 4th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Michel Vidal (R)

|- | Louisiana 5th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | W. Jasper Blackburn (R)

|- | South Carolina 1st | rowspan=3 | Vacant | rowspan=3 | South Carolina re-admitted into the Union | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Benjamin F. Whittemore (R) | rowspan=3 | July 18, 1868

|- | South Carolina 2nd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Christopher C. Bowen (R)

|- | South Carolina 4th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James H. Goss (R)

|- | North Carolina 5th | Vacant | North Carolina re-admitted into the Union | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Israel G. Lash (R) | July 20, 1868

|- | Alabama 2nd | rowspan=6 | Vacant | rowspan=6 | Alabama re-admitted into the Union | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Charles W. Buckley (R) | rowspan=5 | July 21, 1868

|- | Alabama 3rd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Benjamin W. Norris (R)

|- | Alabama 4th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Charles W. Pierce (R)

|- | Alabama 5th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John B. Callis (R)

|- | Alabama 6th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Thomas Haughey (R)

|- | Alabama 1st | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Francis W. Kellogg (R) | July 22, 1868

|- | Georgia 1st | rowspan=6 | Vacant | rowspan=6 | Georgia re-admitted into the Union | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Joseph W. Clift (R) | rowspan=6 | July 25, 1868

|- | Georgia 2nd | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Nelson Tift (D)

|- | Georgia 3rd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | William P. Edwards (R)

|- | Georgia 4th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Samuel F. Gove (R)

|- | Georgia 5th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Charles H. Prince (R)

|- | Georgia 7th | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Pierce M. B. Young (D)

|- | North Carolina 2nd | Vacant | North Carolina re-admitted into the Union | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | David Heaton (R) | July 25, 1868

|- | South Carolina 1st | Vacant | South Carolina re-admitted into the Union | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Manuel S. Corley (R) | July 25, 1868

|- | New York 21st | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Roscoe Conkling (R) | Resigned March 4, 1867, after being elected to the US Senate | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Alexander H. Bailey (R) | November 30, 1867

|- | Kentucky 3rd | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Elijah Hise (D) | Died May 8, 1867 | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Jacob Golladay (D) | December 5, 1867

|- | Pennsylvania 12th | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Charles Denison (D) | Died June 27, 1867 | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | George W. Woodward (D) | November 21, 1867

|- | Ohio 2nd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Rutherford B. Hayes (R) | Resigned July 20, 1867, after being nominated Governor of Ohio | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Samuel F. Cary (IR) | November 21, 1867

|- | Missouri 3rd | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Thomas E. Noell (D) | Died October 3, 1867 | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | James R. McCormick (D) | December 17, 1867

|- | Ohio 8th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Cornelius S. Hamilton (R) | Killed by insane son December 22, 1867 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John Beatty (R) | February 5, 1868

|- | Pennsylvania 13th | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | George W. Morgan (D) | Lost contested election June 3, 1868 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Columbus Delano (R) | June 3, 1868

|- | Missouri 5th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Joseph W. McClurg (R) | Resigned in July 1868 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John H. Stover (R) | December 7, 1868

|- | Pennsylvania 9th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Thaddeus Stevens (R) | Died August 11, 1868 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Oliver J. Dickey (R) | December 7, 1868

|- | Pennsylvania 20th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Darwin A. Finney (R) | Died August 25, 1868 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | S. Newton Pettis (R) | December 7, 1868

|- | Louisiana 2nd | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | James Mann (D) | Died August 26, 1868 | Vacant | Not filled this term

|- | Arkansas 2nd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James M. Hinds (R) | Assassinated October 22, 1868 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James T. Elliott (R) | January 13, 1869

|- | New Mexico Territory At-large | nowwap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Charles P. Clever (D) | Lost contested election February 20, 1869 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | J. Francisco Chaves (R) | February 20, 1869

|}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (1 link), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Senate

• Agriculture
• Appropriations
• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
• Claims
• Commerce
• Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
• District of Columbia
• Education
• Finance
• Foreign Relations
• Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson (Select)
• Impeachment Trial Investigation (Select)
• Indian Affairs
• Judiciary
• Manufactures
• Military Affairs
• Mines and Mining
• Naval Affairs
• Ninth Census (Select)
• Ordnance and War Ships (Select)
• Pacific Railroad
• Patents and the Patent Office
• Pensions
• Post Office and Post Roads
• Private Land Claims
• Public Lands
• Representative Reform (Select)
• Retrenchment
• Revolutionary Claims
• Rules
• Tariff Regulation (Select)
• Territories
• Treasury Printing Bureau (Select)
• Whole

House of Representatives

• Accounts
• Agriculture
• Appropriations
• Banking and Currency
• Claims
• Coinage, Weights and Measures
• Commerce
• District of Columbia
• Education and Labor
• Elections
• Expenditures in the Interior Department
• Expenditures in the Navy Department
• Expenditures in the Post Office Department
• Expenditures in the State Department
• Expenditures in the Treasury Department
• Expenditures in the War Department
• Expenditures on Public Buildings
• Freedmen's Affairs
• Foreign Affairs
• Indian Affairs
• Invalid Pensions
• Manufactures
• Mileage
• Military Affairs
• Militia
• Mines and Mining
• Naval Affairs
• Pacific Railroads
• Patents
• Post Office and Post Roads
• Public Buildings and Grounds
• Public Expenditures
• Public Lands
• Revisal and Unfinished Business
• Revolutionary Claims
• Roads and Canals
• Rules (Select)
• Standards of Official Conduct
• Territories
• Ways and Means
• Whole

Joint committees

• Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
• Enrolled Bills
• Ordnance (Select)
• Reorganize the Civil Service in the Departments
• Retrenchment
• Revise and Equalize the Pay of the Employees of Each House
• To Examine the Accounts for Repairs and Furnishing of the Executive Mansion

Caucuses

• Democratic (House)
• Democratic (Senate)

Employees

• Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark, appointed August 30, 1865
• Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford

Senate

• Chaplain of the Senate: Edgar H. Gray (Baptist)
• Secretary of the Senate: John W. Forney
  • George C. Gorham, elected June 4, 1868
• Sergeant at Arms of the Senate: George T. Brown

House of Representatives

• Chaplain of the House: Charles B. Boynton (Congregationalist)
• Clerk of the House: Edward McPherson
• Doorkeeper of the House: Charles E. Lippincott
• Messenger to the Speaker: William D. Todd
• Postmaster of the House: William S. King
• Reading Clerks: [data missing]
• Sergeant at Arms of the House: Nehemiah G. Ordway

See also

• United States elections, 1866 (elections leading to this Congress)
  • United States Senate elections, 1866 and 1867
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1866
• United States elections, 1868 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
  • United States presidential election, 1868
  • United States Senate elections, 1868 and 1869
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1868

References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Byrd, Robert C.; Wolff, Wendy (October 1, 1993). "The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992" (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office.

External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
• Congressional Directory for the 40th Congress, 2nd Session.
• Congressional Directory for the 40th Congress, 3rd Session.