Voiceless uvular trill
 | This article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject. (January 2020) |
| Voiceless uvular trill | |
|---|---|
| ʀ̥ | |
| IPA Number | 123 402A |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | R\_0 |
The voiceless uvular trill is less common than its voiced counterpart.
Features
Features of the voiceless uvular trill:
- Its manner of articulation is trill, which means it is produced by directing air over an articulator so that it vibrates.
- Its place of articulation is uvular, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the uvula.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baïnounk Gubëeher | Some speakers[1] | [example needed] | Word-final allophone of /r/. | ||
| Dutch | Standard Dutch | goed | [ʀ̥uːt] | 'good' | Allophone of /r/ before voiceless consonants and word-finally for speakers with an uvular /r/.[2] Realization of /r/ varies considerably among dialects. See Dutch phonology |
| French | Belgian[3] | triste | [t̪ʀ̥is̪t̪œ] | 'sad' | Allophone of /r/ after voiceless consonants; can be a fricative [χ] instead.[3] See French phonology |
| German | Standard[4] | treten | [ˈtʀ̥eːtn̩] | 'to step' | Possible allophone of /r/ after voiceless consonants for speakers that realize /r/ as a uvular trill [ʀ].[4] See Standard German phonology |
| Chemnitz dialect[5] | Rock | [ʀ̥ɔkʰ] | 'skirt' | In free variation with [ʁ̞], [ʁ], [χ] and [q]. Doesn't occur in the coda.[5] | |
| Limburgish | Hasselt dialect[6] | geer | [ɣeːʀ̥] | 'odour' | Possible word-final allophone of /r/; may be alveolar [r̥] instead.[7] |
| Spanish | Ponce dialect[8] | perro | [ˈpe̞ʀ̥o̞] | 'dog' | This and [χ] are the primary realizations of /r/ in this dialect.[8] See Spanish phonology |
See also
Notes
- ^ Cobbinah (2013), p. 166.
- ^ Verhoeven (2005), p. 245.
- ^ a b Demolin (2001), pp. 65, 67–68, 70–71.
- ^ a b Krech et al. (2009), p. 86.
- ^ a b Khan & Weise (2013), p. 235.
- ^ Peters (2006).
- ^ While Peters (2006) does not state that explicitly, he uses the symbol ⟨r̥⟩ for many instances of the word-final /r/.
- ^ a b "ProQuest Document View - The Spanish of Ponce, Puerto Rico: A phonetic, phonological, and intonational analysis".
References
- Cobbinah, Alexander Yao (2013), Nominal classification and verbal nouns in Baïnounk Gubëeher (PDF), University of London
- Demolin, Didier (2001), "Some phonetic and phonological observations concerning /ʀ/ in Belgian French", in van de Velde, Hans; van Hout, Roeland (eds.), 'r-atics, Brussels: Etudes & Travaux, pp. 61–73, ISSN 0777-3692
- Khan, Sameer ud Dowla; Weise, Constanze (2013), "Upper Saxon (Chemnitz dialect)" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (2): 231–241, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000145
- Krech, Eva Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz-Christian (2009), Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch, Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-018202-6
- Peters, Jörg (2006), "The dialect of Hasselt", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (1): 117–124, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002428
- Verhoeven, Jo (2005), "Belgian Standard Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 35 (2): 243–247, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002173
