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Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate

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Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate
t͡ɬ
t͜ɬ
ƛ
IPA number103 (148)
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity (decimal)t​ɬ
Unicode (hex)U+0074 U+026C

The voiceless alveolar lateral affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨t͡ɬ⟩ (often simplified to ⟨tɬ⟩), and in Americanist phonetic notation it is ⟨ƛ⟩ (lambda bar).

Features

Features of the voiceless alveolar lateral affricate:

  • Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
  • Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
  • Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
  • Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Cherokee ᎥᏝ [ə̃ʔt͡ɬa˦] 'no'
Haida tla'únhl [t͡ɬʌʔʊ́nɬ] 'six'
Icelandic bolli [ˈbɔt͡ɬɪ] 'cup' See Icelandic phonology.
Nahuatl āxōlōtl [aːʃoːloːt͡ɬ] 'axolotl'
Sahaptin [t͡ɬupt] 'jumping'
Spanish Mexican[1] [[[Spanish orthography|Xóchitl]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ˈso̞t͡ʃit͡ɬ] 'Xóchitl' See Spanish phonology.
Tlingit[2] [[[Tlingit alphabet|tleilóo]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [t͡ɬeɬúː]ⓘ 'butterfly'
Tsez элIни [ˈʔɛ̝t͡ɬni] 'winter'
Tswana tlala [t͡ɬala] 'hunger'

Notes

  1. ^ Lope Blanch (2004:29)
  2. ^ Maddieson, Smith & Bessell:141)

References

  • Lope Blanch, Juan M. (2004), Cuestiones de filología mexicana, Mexico: editorial Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, ISBN 978-970-32-0976-7
  • Maddieson, Ian; Smith, Caroline; Bessell, Nicola (2001), "Aspects of the phonetics of Tlingit", Anthropological Linguistics, 43 (2): 135–176
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