Voiced labial–velar plosive

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Voiced labial–velar plosive
ɡ͡b
IPA Number110 (102)
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɡ​͡​b
Unicode (hex)U+0261 U+0361 U+0062

The voiced labial–velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is a [ɡ] and [b] pronounced simultaneously. To make this sound, one can say go but with the lips closed as if one were saying Bo; the lips are to be released at the same time as or a fraction of a second after the g of go is pronounced. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɡ͡b⟩. Its voiceless counterpart is voiceless labial–velar plosive, [k͡p].

The voiced labial–velar plosive is commonly found in Niger-Congo languages, e.g. in Igbo (Volta-Congo, in the name [iɡ͡boː] itself) or in Bété (Atlantic-Congo), e.g. in the surname of Laurent Gbagbo ([ɡ͡baɡ͡bo]), former president of Ivory Coast.

Features

Features of the voiced labial–velar stop:

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Dyula gba [ɡ͡bɑ] 'bench'
Ega[1] [ɡ͡bá] 'finish'
Ewe Èʋegbe [èβeɡ͡be] 'Ewe language'
Igbo Igbo [iɡ͡boː] 'Igbo'
Kalabari[2] ágbá [áɡ͡bá] 'paint'
Kissi gbɛŋgbo ɡ͡bɛŋɡ͡bɔ 'stool'
Mono (Ubangian)[3] gba [ɡ͡ba] 'moisten'
Temne[4] gbara [kʌ ɡ͡bara] 'coconut'
Tyap a̠mgba̠m [əmɡ͡bəm] 'all'
Volow[5] n-leevēn [n.lɛᵑᵐɡ͡bʷɛβɪn] 'woman' usually labialized
Yoruba gbogbo [ɡ͡boɡ͡bo] 'all'

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Connell, Ahoua & Gibbon (2002:100)
  2. ^ Harry (2003:113)
  3. ^ Olson (2004:233); association with Niger-Congo uncertain.
  4. ^ Ladefoged (1964)
  5. ^ François (2005a:445)

References

  • Connell, Bruce; Ahoua, Firmin; Gibbon, Dafydd (2002), "Ega", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 32 (1): 99–104, doi:10.1017/S002510030200018X
  • Harry, Otelemate (2003), "Kalaḅarị-Ịjo", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 113–120, doi:10.1017/S002510030300121X
  • Kropp Dakubu, M. E. (1987), The Dangme Language: An Introductory Survey, London: Macmillan
  • Ladefoged, Peter (1964), A phonetic study of West African languages, Cambridge University Press
  • Olson, Kenneth S. (2004), "Mono" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 233–238, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001744

External links