Open front unrounded vowel: Difference between revisions
m rv: AuE and NZE both use the same vowels for car and cart |
|||
Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
| colspan="2" align="center"| [[Dutch language|Dutch]]||align="center"| [[Dutch orthography|''z'''aa'''l'']] ||align="center"| {{IPA|[zäːl] }}||align="center"| 'hall'|| In some dialects, this may actually be a back vowel. See [[Dutch phonology]] |
| colspan="2" align="center"| [[Dutch language|Dutch]]||align="center"| [[Dutch orthography|''z'''aa'''l'']] ||align="center"| {{IPA|[zäːl] }}||align="center"| 'hall'|| In some dialects, this may actually be a back vowel. See [[Dutch phonology]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan="5" align="center"| [[English language| |
| rowspan="5" align="center"| [[English language|English]] || align="center"|[[American English|AmE]] dialects of the [[Great Lakes]]|| align="center"| [[English orthography|''st'''o'''ck'']]||align="center"|{{IPA|[stak]}}||align="center" | 'stock'|| See [[Northern cities vowel shift]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|align="center"|[[Australian English|AuE]] ||align="center"| [[English orthography|''c'''u'''t'']] ||align="center"| |
| rowspan="2" align="center" |[[Australian English|AuE]] and [[New Zealand English|NZE]] || align="center"| [[English orthography|''c'''u'''t'']] || align="center"| {{IPA|[kät]}} ||align="center"| 'cut' || rowspan="2"| See [[Australian English phonology]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| align="center"| [[English orthography|''c'''ar'''t'']]||align="center"|{{IPA|[käːt]}}||align="center" | 'cart' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| align="center"|[[ |
| align="center"|[[Boston accent|Boston]] English|| align="center"| [[English orthography|''st'''ar''''']]||align="center"|{{IPA|[stäː]}}||align="center" | 'star'|| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| align="center"|[[ |
| align="center"|[[Canadian English|CaE]] and numerous dialects of the [[United Kingdom|UK]] || align="center"| [[English orthography|''b'''a'''t'']]||align="center"|{{IPA|[bat]}}||align="center" | 'bat'|| See [[Canadian Shift]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan="2" align="center"| [[French language|French ]] ||align="center"| [[French orthography|''r'''a'''t'']] ||align="center"| {{IPA|[ʀä] }}||align="center"| 'rat'|| See [[French phonology]] |
| colspan="2" align="center"| [[French language|French ]] ||align="center"| [[French orthography|''r'''a'''t'']] ||align="center"| {{IPA|[ʀä] }}||align="center"| 'rat'|| See [[French phonology]] |
Revision as of 08:02, 12 June 2007
IPA Number | 304 | ||
---|---|---|---|
Audio sample | |||
Encoding | |||
X-SAMPA | a | ||
|
The open front unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is a, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is a.
This symbol is very frequently used for an open central unrounded vowel, and this usage is accepted by the International Phonetic Association. Since no language distinguishes front from central open vowels, a separate symbol is not considered necessary. If required, the difference may be specified with the central diacritic, [ä].
Features
- Its vowel height is open, which means the tongue is positioned as far as possible from the roof of the mouth.
- Its vowel backness is front which means the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant. This subsumes central open vowels because the tongue does not have as much flexibility in positioning as it does for the close vowels; the difference between an open front vowel and an open back vowel is equal to the difference between a close front and a close mid vowel, or a close mid and a close back vowel.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.
Occurrence
Most languages have some form of an unrounded open vowel. For languages that only have a single low vowel, the symbol for this vowel <a> is usually used because it is the only low vowel whose symbol is part of the basic Latin alphabet. Whenever marked as such, the vowel is closer to a central [ä] than to a front [a].
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Croatian | patka | [patka] | 'duck' | ||
Dutch | zaal | [zäːl] | 'hall' | In some dialects, this may actually be a back vowel. See Dutch phonology | |
English | AmE dialects of the Great Lakes | stock | [stak] | 'stock' | See Northern cities vowel shift |
AuE and NZE | cut | [kät] | 'cut' | See Australian English phonology | |
cart | [käːt] | 'cart' | |||
Boston English | star | [stäː] | 'star' | ||
CaE and numerous dialects of the UK | bat | [bat] | 'bat' | See Canadian Shift | |
French | rat | [ʀä] | 'rat' | See French phonology | |
German | rat | [ˈʀat] | 'advice' | In some dialects, this may actually be a back vowel. See German phonology | |
Greek | ακακία | [akaˈciˌa] | 'acacia' | See Modern Greek phonology | |
Hungarian | káka | [ka:kɑ] | 'juncus' | See Hungarian phonology | |
Igbo | ákụ | [ákú̙] | 'kernal' | ||
Italian | amore | [aˈmore] | 'love' | See Italian phonology | |
Japanese | 蚊/ka | [kä] | 'mosquito' | See Japanese phonology | |
Polish | mowa | [mɔva] | 'speech' | See Polish phonology | |
Portuguese | há | [ä] | 'there is' | See Portuguese phonology | |
Romanian | cal | [käl] | 'horse' | See Romanian phonology | |
Russian | там | [täm] | 'there' | See Russian phonology | |
Serbian | лако/lako | [milina] | 'enjoyment' | ||
Scottish Gaelic | slat | [slät] | 'yard' | ||
Spanish | rata | [ˈrätä] | 'rat' | See Spanish phonology | |
Swedish | bank | [ˈbaŋːk] | 'bank' | See Swedish phonology | |
Turkish | kafa | [kafa] | 'head' |