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[[Image:Fruit Stall in Barcelona Market.jpg|thumb|230px|A fruit stall in Barcelona]]
[[Image:Fruit Stall in Barcelona Market.jpg|thumb|300px|A [[fruit]] stall in [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]].]]
'''Fruitarianism''' is the pursuit of a strict form of vegan diet that is limited to eating the ripe fruits of plants and trees. '''Fruitarians''' ('''frugivores'''<ref>http://www.thefreedictionary.com/frugivores</ref> or '''fructarians''') eat in principle only the [[fruit]] of [[plant]]s.<ref>http://www.bartleby.com/61/44/F0344400.html</ref>
As with other dietary practices, such as [[vegetarianism]] and [[raw foodism]], some people{{who}} consider themselves fruitarians even if their diet is not 100% fruit. The reasons for this may be either they simply do not manage to reach this percentage, or that they still are on their way to reach it gradually, or they think or feel that a lower percentage is good enough for them.{{cn}} As long as the percentage is higher than 50%, they are (predominantly) fruitarian.<ref>http://www.living-foods.com/articles/typesofraw.html</ref> Usually fruitarians who include foods other than fruit follow a [[vegan]] diet.<ref>http://www.vegetariantimes.com/document_display.cfm?document_id=117</ref>


===Fruitarian definition of fruit===
'''Fruitarians''' (or '''fructarians''') are a subgroup of [[veganism|vegans]] who eat only the [[fruit]] of [[plant]]s. This includes not only what one typically thinks of as a "fruit" in the culinary sense such as [[apple]]s and [[Orange (fruit)|orange]]s, but also other [[food]]s that are botanically the fruits of [[flowering plant]]s (that is, the seed-containing reproductive parts), including [[berry|berries]], [[nut (fruit)|nut]]s, [[seed]]s, [[capsicum]]s, [[tomato]]es, [[Squash (fruit)|squash]], [[bean]]s, [[pea]]s, and so on.
When discussing food, the term "fruit" usually refers to just those plant fruits that are sweet and fleshy (including [[plum]]s, [[apple]]s, and [[orange (fruit)|orange]]s). Botanically, though, some foods not typically considered fruits -- including [[bell pepper]]s, [[tomato]]es, [[cucumber]]s), [[Nut (fruit)|nut]]s and [[grain]]s, are [[fruit]]s.<ref>http://www.cite-sciences.fr/lexique/definition1.php?idmot=412&rech_lettre=f&num_page=14&habillage=standard&lang=an&id_expo=25&id_habillage=36</ref>


Fruitarians use differing definitions of what is considered a "fruit".
There are different variations of fruitarianism. Some fruitarians will eat only what falls (or would fall) naturally from a plant—fruits, seeds and nuts. Others may eat all biological fruits. The former argue that the [[slippery slope]] of what 'would' fall from the plant leads to including foods that would otherwise be taboo. [[Cereal|Grains]] are usually disallowed, as they are conventionally harvested by cutting down the plant. Most fruitarians are also [[raw food diet|raw foodists]].


===Definition of fruitarian===
⚫
==Motivation==
Some fruitarians will eat only what falls (or would fall) naturally from a plant, that is: foods that can be harvested without killing the plant. These foods consist primarily of culinary fruits, nuts, and [[seed]]s.<ref>http://www.vegsoc.org/info/definitions.html</ref> Some do not eat grains, believing it is unnatural to do so,<ref>http://www.rawfoodexplained.com/the-human-dietetic-character-part-i/are-we-grain-eaters.html</ref> and some fruitarians feel that it is improper for humans to eat seeds.<ref>http://www.beyondveg.com/billings-t/open-lett/open-letter-f-1a.shtml</ref> Others believe they should eat only plants that spread seeds when the plant is eaten.<ref>http://www.living-foods.com/news/alternative.html</ref> Others eat seeds and some cooked foods.<ref>http://www.acorn.net/fruitarian/what.html</ref>
Motivated by religious faith in the [[Old Testament]], some believe fruitarianism was the original diet of humankind in the form of [[Adam and Eve]] (although there is no support for this idea in any Jewish sources) and if they are ever to return to an [[Garden of Eden|Eden]]-like [[paradise]] then they will have to go back to [[simple living]], and a holistic approach to health and diet ([[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah 11:6-9]]). It should be noted that a large number of fruitarians, including Mahatma Gandhi, are neither Christian nor Jewish.[http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,742553,00.html]


Some fruitarians use the botanical definitions of fruits and consume [[Pulse (legume)|pulse]]s,<ref>http://www.fruitarian.com/ao/WhatIsFruitarianism.htm</ref> while others include green leafy [[vegetable]]s<ref>http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/3893/Our_Mission.htm</ref> and/or root vegetables in their diet. Some occasionally consume some [[dairy]] products as well.
Some fruitarians only eat the fruit of a plant so that the plant does not have to be killed. For instance when one eats a root vegetable such as a [[carrot]], the whole carrot plant dies. Fruitarians point out that, in nature, eating some types of fruit actually does the parent plant a favor. Fleshy fruit has evolved with the obvious purpose of being eaten by animals, to achieve [[Biological dispersal|seed dispersal]]. Seeds in fruits will be swallowed and travel through the animal's digestive tract before [[sprouting]] in a pile of ready-made [[fertilizer]], or, in the case of fruits with cores or pits, will be tossed aside to sprout. Without animals eating fruit, the seed would not travel far enough away from the plant to allow the species to proliferate successfully. The benefit of seed spreading, however, depends on the seed (and thus the feces) being returned to [[arable land]] (rather than to [[sewer]]s or [[septic tank]]s which tend to be unfavorable to seed cultivation).


⚫
===Motivation===
Others become fruitarian after a study of human physiology. Some physiological facts that are used by supporters of the diet to add merit to their claims are:
Some fruitarians believe fruitarianism was the original diet of mankind in the form of [[Adam and Eve]] based on [[Book of Genesis|Genesis 1:29]].<ref>http://www.acorn.net/fruitarian/what.html</ref> They believe that a return to an [[Garden of Eden|Eden]]-like [[paradise]] will require [[simple living]] and a [[Holism|holistic]] approach to health and diet.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}


Some fruitarians wish to avoid killing in all its forms, including plants.<ref>http://www.acorn.net/fruitarian/what.html</ref> They believe that there is some [[plant perception (physiology)| plant perception]] in nature.{{cn}}
* Human [[Saliva]] is [[Base (chemistry)|base]], and not [[acid|acidic]] such as is the case in meat eaters.
* Humans lack the digestive enzymes to properly assimilate meat
* The Human digestive system is best equipped to digest fruit, i.e. It requires the least amount of effort on the part of the various mechanisms of the human digstive tract.
* The [[Intestines]] of humans are quite long, like other [[herbivores]]/[[Frugivore|frugivores]], and not shorter compared to the length of the body, such as in [[carnivores]]/[[omnivores]]. The longer intestines allow for more nutrients to be assimilated from vegetation, while a shorter intestine would be needed for the digestion of meat, which becomes putrid quickly inside the digestive tract.
* Carnivores have 20 times more HCl ([[Hydrochloric acid]]) in their stomachs than do humans.
* Humans do not have claws/talons, or numerous amounts of fang-like teeth for the mutilation and killing of wild prey.
* Killing is opposed to normal human behavior. Fruitarians point out that few people could strangle prey to death by the throat, getting blood everywhere, and relish the experience. They argue that if we are truly meat eaters, or rather that meat eating is supported by our [[physiology]], this wouldn't be such a difficult task contrary to our nature.
* Humans are not able with ease to stalk and outrun wild game, while [[predators]] find this relatively easy.


Some fruitarians say that eating some types of fruit does the parent plant a favor and that fleshy fruit has evolved to be eaten by animals, to achieve [[Biological dispersal|seed dispersal]].<ref>http://www.living-foods.com/news/alternative.html</ref> Fruit seeds passed in feces may sprout in a pile of ready-made [[fertilizer]], encouraging proliferation of the plant,{{cn}} but only if one defecates outside, which most Westerners do not. Fruit cores or pits, however, will be tossed aside to sprout too near the parent plant to gain any benefit.{{cn}}
==Famous fruitarians==
*[[Mahatma Gandhi]] in his later years.
*[[Leonardo da Vinci]] (as indicated in his notebooks)
*Hall of Fame basketball player [[Pete Maravich]], for a period in his life.
*[[Steve Jobs]] for a period in the 1970s.[http://www.winnipegsun.com/News/FoodFright/2006/03/19/1495094-sun.html]


According to Herbert Shelton, the founder of Natural Hygiene, "fruits are also appealing to man's visual, olfactory and gustatory senses"<ref name="Hygenic Review">(HM Shelton; "Hygienic Review" June 1976)</ref>{{syn}}.
==Biblical fruitarians==
*[[Adam and Eve]] in the [[Garden of Eden]] were supposedly Fruitarians (''Behold I have given you herb yielding seed. To you it shall be for meat''; [[Book of Genesis|Genesis l:29]]), but the verse actually refers to any plant that is capable of propagating itself by seeds (as opposed to animals), and the entire plant was eaten ([[vegan]]isim).
*There is evidence that the [[Essenes]] were [[raw food diet|raw foodists]] and fruitarians. Some scholars even believe [[Jesus]] to have been an Essene who practiced a mainly fruitarian diet, although this contradicts the mainline [[Bible]] (Matthew 15:34-37).
Some passages used for these beliefs come from The Essene New Testament.


⚫
==Criticisms==
* "Verily I say unto you, they who partake of benefits which are gotten by wronging one of God's creatures, cannot be righteous: nor can they understand holy things, or teach the mysteries of the kingdom. whose hands are stained with blood or whose mouths are defiled with flesh....Wherefore I say unto all who desire to be my disciples, keep your hands from bloodshed and let no flesh meat enter your mouths."
*[[Vitamin B12]], a bacterial product, is not found in any fruits. According to the U.S. [[National Institutes of Health]] "natural food sources of [[vitamin B12]] are limited to foods that come from animals."<ref>http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitaminb12.asp#h6</ref> Like [[Veganism|vegans]], fruitarians need to include a B12 supplement in their diet. This is a non-trivial problem for fruitarians because the most common non-animal source of B12 supplements is [[yeast]], which is a [[fungus]].{{Fact|July 26, 2007|date=July 2007}}
* "A disciple of Jesus asked him a question, saying, "Master, if there come to us any that eat flesh... shall we receive them?"
*Many notable advocates of fruitarianism in the past, including Morris Krok,<ref>http://fredraw.typepad.com/personal/2005/10/morris_krok_is_.html</ref> [[Johnny Lovewisdom]], Walter Siegmeister/Raymond Bernard, and Viktoras Kulvinskas ate considerable quantities of vegetables and occasional cooked foods and vegetables. Others switched to other unorthodox lifestyles (including [[Inedia|breatharian]]ism and [[liquitarianism]], juices only), or recommended against the diet once they stopped (Morris Krok.<ref>http://www.beyondveg.com/billings-t/bio/billings-t-bio-1b.shtml</ref>)
*Lack of protein in fruit can make the lifestyle difficult to sustain, and can lead to the condition of [[hypoproteinemia]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
*The plants bearing the fruit may be killed as part of the process of harvesting the fruit.{{Fact|date=September 2007}}


==Fruitarians==
And Jesus said unto him, let such abide in the outer court till they cleanse themselves from these grosser evils; for till they perceive, and repent of these, they are not fit to receive the higher mysteries."
*Some interpret [[Book of Genesis|Genesis l:29]] (''Behold I have given you herb yielding seed. To you it shall be for meat'') to mean that [[Adam and Eve]] were fruitarians in the [[Garden of Eden]].<ref>http://www.shemayisrael.co.il/publicat/hazon/tzedaka/lighter.htm</ref> Others interpret this to mean they were [[raw veganism|raw vegans]].<ref>http://www.rawchristians.org/home.aspx</ref>
* "For of the fruits of the trees and the seeds of the earth alone do I partake, and these are changed by the Spirit into my flesh and my blood. Of these alone and their like shall ye eat who believe in me, and are my disciples, for of these, in the Spirit, come life and health and healing unto man."
* [[Mahatma Gandhi]] political and spiritual leader, briefly followed a diet similar to fruitarianism. He and his followers repeatedly discontinued these diets as in the long term they proved unsustainable.<ref>http://www.drbass.com/mice.html</ref><ref name="gandhi> Ghandi experimented with this diet for the purpose of [[Brahmacharya]]. He discovered the best diet in the light of ahimsa for a Brahmacharya was fruit and nuts, he did however see the need to drink milk, which would no longer make him a fruitarian.[http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Story_of_My_Experiments_with_Truth/Part_III/Brahmacharya_I Brahmacharya I]
* "God giveth the grains and the fruits of the earth for food; and for righteous man truly there is no other lawful sustenance for the body.... For God is just and bountiful who ordaineth that man shall live by the fruits and seeds of the earth alone."
[http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Story_of_My_Experiments_with_Truth/Part_III/Brahmacharya_II Brahmacharya II]</ref>
* "But I do say unto you: Kill neither men, nor beasts, nor yet the food which goes into your mouth. For if you eat living food, the same will quicken you, but if you kill your food, the dead food will kill you also. For life comes only from life, and from death comes always death. For everything which kills your foods, kills your bodies also.... Therefore, eat not anything which fire, or frost, ... has destroyed I tell you truly, live only by the fire of life, and prepare not your foods with the fire of death."
* "Verily I say unto you, for this end have I come into the world that I may put away all blood offerings and the eating of the flesh of the beasts and the birds that are slain by men.


⚫
==Fictional==
In the beginning, God gave to all, the fruits of the trees, and the seeds, and the herbs, for food; but those who loved themselves more than God or their fellows, corrupted their ways, and brought diseases into their bodies, and filled the earth with lust and violence."


*Ayesha (“She-who-must-be-obeyed”) of [[H. Rider Haggard]]'s [[She (novel)|''She'']] and its sequels
⚫
==Fictional fruitarians==
* The [[K-PAXian]] in [[Gene Brewer]]'s ''[[K-PAX]]'' book series and film.
*The [[Eloi]] from [[HG Wells]]'s ''[[The Time Machine]]''
* The [[Eloi]] from [[HG Wells]]'s ''[[The Time Machine]]''.
*The [[K-PAXian]] "Prot" in the ''[[K-PAX (film)|K-PAX]]'' books and film
*The evil Medusa Johnson in ''[[Leonard Part 6]]''
* One of [[Hugh Grant]]'s potential love interests in the film ''[[Notting Hill (film)|Notting Hill]]''
*One of the potential love interests{{who}} in the film ''[[Notting Hill (film)|Notting Hill]]''
* The evil Medusa Johnson ([[Gloria Foster]]; the Oracle in The Matrix Trilogy) in the feature film "Leonard Part Six" also starring [[Bill Cosby]]

⚫
==Criticisms==
The most commonly cited criticisms of fruitarianism are:

*'''Lack of [[Cyanocobalamin|Vitamin B12]]''': Vitamin B12 can only be synthesized by bacteria and archaea. Unless they regularly use supplements, fruitarians will not get sufficient amounts of this nutrient. Deficiency in vitamin B12 may lead to [[megaloblastic anemia]] or potential [[demyelination|neurological]] or [[mental illness|mental]] damage. However, fruitarians claim that other mammals such as cattle live exclusively on grass and yet do not seem to lack the vitamin. Many suggest that vitamin B12 is created by intestinal bacteria and that a person, like such animals, is self-sufficient in producing B12.
*'''Excessive [[sugar]]''': Diets high in [[sugar]], as fruitarian regemins often are, may lead to [[hyperglycemia]] or [[diabetes]]. However, fruitarians will say that the sugars found in fruit, such as [[saccharide|saccharides]] do not have the same excessive insulin producing effect of [[sucrose]] and other altered sugars.
*'''Lack of [[protein]]''': Many fruits are lower in [[proteins]] than animal products. Nuts, seeds, and beans are notable exceptions. Protein deficiency can cause hair loss, insulin resistance, hormonal irregularities and, in extreme cases, [[kwashiorkor]]. However, the oft stated fruitarian argument is that [[breast milk]] contains just 1% protein in dry weight (6% liquid weight) which reflects the averages of many fruits. They argue that surely an infant's need for protein is the highest of it's life, and yet it thrives under such a so-called protein deficiency. Others point to fruitarian bodybuilders, who are able to build quality muscle, even without consuming nuts and seeds.
*'''[[Orthorexia nervosa|Orthorexia]]''': Orthorexia is not a potential result of a fruitarian diet but, rather, is a proposed psychological [[eating disorder]] that may manifest itself in fruitarianism{{citeneeded}} or other restrictive dietary habits. It should be noted that orthorexia is far from having general acceptance by the psychological community and research on its nature, effects and even existence are in short supply.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Inedia|Breatharian]]
*[[Inedia]]
⚫
*''[[The Celestine Prophecy]]''
*[[Christian vegetarianism]]
*[[Christian vegetarianism]]
*[[Diet (nutrition)]]
*[[Diet (nutrition)]]
*[[Juice fasting]]
*[[Juice fasting]]
*[[Jainism]]
*[[Jainism]]
⚫
*''[[The Celestine Prophecy]]''
*[[Natural Hygiene]]
*[[Natural Hygiene]]
*[[New Age]]
*[[New Age]]
*[[Nutrition]]
*[[Nutrition]]
*[[Raw food diet]]
*[[Raw foodism]]
*[[Raw veganism]]
*[[Simple living]]
*[[Simple living]]
*[[Veganism]]
*[[Veganism]]
* [[List of diets]]

==References==
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
* http://s12.invisionfree.com/FLF/ - Fruitarian Life and Fitness support forum
* [http://www.fruitarian.com/ar/AboutFruitarianFoundation.htm Fruitarian Foundation]
* [http://www.fruitarian.com/ay/HowToBecomeFruitarian.htm How to become a fruitarian]
* [http://www.animalsuffering.com/forum/ Animal Rights and cruelty free diets board] - with fruitarian support boards
* [http://fruitarians.blogspot.com fruitarians.blogspot.com]
⚫
* [http://www.acorn.net/fruitarian/what.html What is fruitarian?] at [http://www.acorn.net/fruitarian/ Fruitarian Network]
* [http://www.soilandhealth.org/02/0201hyglibcat/020129ehret.fasting/020129.ehret.fasting.PDF Professor Arnold Ehret's "Rational Fasting"]
* [http://www.ecologos.org/ Ecologos] - Offers creditable information on fruitarianism and other dietary practises
⚫
* [http://spot.acorn.net/fruitarian/what.html What is fruitarian?] at [http://www.acorn.net/fruitarian/ Fruitarian Network]
* [http://www.rawfoods.com/welcome.html Raw Foods]
* [http://www.beyondveg.com/cat/fruit-dreams/index.shtml Waking Up from the Fruitarian Dreamtime] - Critique of fruitarianism.
* [http://www.beyondveg.com/cat/fruit-dreams/index.shtml Waking Up from the Fruitarian Dreamtime] - Critique of fruitarianism.
* [http://www.ecologos.org/ttdd.html List of pro-fruitarian articles.]
* [http://www.veganbodybuilding.com/article/775 Strongly pro-fruitarian article]
* [http://www.rawfoodexplained.com/the-human-dietetic-character-part-i/are-we-vegetarians-or-fruitarians.html Are We Vegetarians Or Fruitarians?]
* [http://www.fruitarian.org Low-sugar fruitarian non-seed diet concept explored.]
* [http://www.fruitarianfitness.com Fruitarian Fitness]

{{Vegetarianism}}


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[[Category:Diets]]
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[[cs:Frutariánství]]
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[[de:Frutarier]]
[[es:Frugivorismo]]
[[he:פרוקטרייניזם]]
[[he:פרוקטרייניזם]]
[[nl:Fruitarisme]]
[[nl:Fruitarisme]]
[[pl:Frutarianizm]]
[[pl:Frutarianizm]]
[[pt:Frugivorismo]]
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[[sr:Frutarijanci]]
[[sv:Frukterianism]]
[[sv:Frukterianism]]

Revision as of 20:31, 27 September 2007

A fruit stall in Barcelona, Spain.

Fruitarianism is the pursuit of a strict form of vegan diet that is limited to eating the ripe fruits of plants and trees. Fruitarians (frugivores[1] or fructarians) eat in principle only the fruit of plants.[2] As with other dietary practices, such as vegetarianism and raw foodism, some people[who?] consider themselves fruitarians even if their diet is not 100% fruit. The reasons for this may be either they simply do not manage to reach this percentage, or that they still are on their way to reach it gradually, or they think or feel that a lower percentage is good enough for them.[citation needed] As long as the percentage is higher than 50%, they are (predominantly) fruitarian.[3] Usually fruitarians who include foods other than fruit follow a vegan diet.[4]

Fruitarian definition of fruit

When discussing food, the term "fruit" usually refers to just those plant fruits that are sweet and fleshy (including plums, apples, and oranges). Botanically, though, some foods not typically considered fruits -- including bell peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers), nuts and grains, are fruits.[5]

Fruitarians use differing definitions of what is considered a "fruit".

Definition of fruitarian

Some fruitarians will eat only what falls (or would fall) naturally from a plant, that is: foods that can be harvested without killing the plant. These foods consist primarily of culinary fruits, nuts, and seeds.[6] Some do not eat grains, believing it is unnatural to do so,[7] and some fruitarians feel that it is improper for humans to eat seeds.[8] Others believe they should eat only plants that spread seeds when the plant is eaten.[9] Others eat seeds and some cooked foods.[10]

Some fruitarians use the botanical definitions of fruits and consume pulses,[11] while others include green leafy vegetables[12] and/or root vegetables in their diet. Some occasionally consume some dairy products as well.

Motivation

Some fruitarians believe fruitarianism was the original diet of mankind in the form of Adam and Eve based on Genesis 1:29.[13] They believe that a return to an Eden-like paradise will require simple living and a holistic approach to health and diet.[citation needed]

Some fruitarians wish to avoid killing in all its forms, including plants.[14] They believe that there is some plant perception in nature.[citation needed]

Some fruitarians say that eating some types of fruit does the parent plant a favor and that fleshy fruit has evolved to be eaten by animals, to achieve seed dispersal.[15] Fruit seeds passed in feces may sprout in a pile of ready-made fertilizer, encouraging proliferation of the plant,[citation needed] but only if one defecates outside, which most Westerners do not. Fruit cores or pits, however, will be tossed aside to sprout too near the parent plant to gain any benefit.[citation needed]

According to Herbert Shelton, the founder of Natural Hygiene, "fruits are also appealing to man's visual, olfactory and gustatory senses"[16][improper synthesis?].

Criticisms

  • Vitamin B12, a bacterial product, is not found in any fruits. According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health "natural food sources of vitamin B12 are limited to foods that come from animals."[17] Like vegans, fruitarians need to include a B12 supplement in their diet. This is a non-trivial problem for fruitarians because the most common non-animal source of B12 supplements is yeast, which is a fungus.[citation needed]
  • Many notable advocates of fruitarianism in the past, including Morris Krok,[18] Johnny Lovewisdom, Walter Siegmeister/Raymond Bernard, and Viktoras Kulvinskas ate considerable quantities of vegetables and occasional cooked foods and vegetables. Others switched to other unorthodox lifestyles (including breatharianism and liquitarianism, juices only), or recommended against the diet once they stopped (Morris Krok.[19])
  • Lack of protein in fruit can make the lifestyle difficult to sustain, and can lead to the condition of hypoproteinemia.[citation needed]
  • The plants bearing the fruit may be killed as part of the process of harvesting the fruit.[citation needed]

Fruitarians

  • Some interpret Genesis l:29 (Behold I have given you herb yielding seed. To you it shall be for meat) to mean that Adam and Eve were fruitarians in the Garden of Eden.[20] Others interpret this to mean they were raw vegans.[21]
  • Mahatma Gandhi political and spiritual leader, briefly followed a diet similar to fruitarianism. He and his followers repeatedly discontinued these diets as in the long term they proved unsustainable.[22][23]

Fictional

See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.thefreedictionary.com/frugivores
  2. ^ http://www.bartleby.com/61/44/F0344400.html
  3. ^ http://www.living-foods.com/articles/typesofraw.html
  4. ^ http://www.vegetariantimes.com/document_display.cfm?document_id=117
  5. ^ http://www.cite-sciences.fr/lexique/definition1.php?idmot=412&rech_lettre=f&num_page=14&habillage=standard&lang=an&id_expo=25&id_habillage=36
  6. ^ http://www.vegsoc.org/info/definitions.html
  7. ^ http://www.rawfoodexplained.com/the-human-dietetic-character-part-i/are-we-grain-eaters.html
  8. ^ http://www.beyondveg.com/billings-t/open-lett/open-letter-f-1a.shtml
  9. ^ http://www.living-foods.com/news/alternative.html
  10. ^ http://www.acorn.net/fruitarian/what.html
  11. ^ http://www.fruitarian.com/ao/WhatIsFruitarianism.htm
  12. ^ http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/3893/Our_Mission.htm
  13. ^ http://www.acorn.net/fruitarian/what.html
  14. ^ http://www.acorn.net/fruitarian/what.html
  15. ^ http://www.living-foods.com/news/alternative.html
  16. ^ (HM Shelton; "Hygienic Review" June 1976)
  17. ^ http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitaminb12.asp#h6
  18. ^ http://fredraw.typepad.com/personal/2005/10/morris_krok_is_.html
  19. ^ http://www.beyondveg.com/billings-t/bio/billings-t-bio-1b.shtml
  20. ^ http://www.shemayisrael.co.il/publicat/hazon/tzedaka/lighter.htm
  21. ^ http://www.rawchristians.org/home.aspx
  22. ^ http://www.drbass.com/mice.html
  23. ^ Ghandi experimented with this diet for the purpose of Brahmacharya. He discovered the best diet in the light of ahimsa for a Brahmacharya was fruit and nuts, he did however see the need to drink milk, which would no longer make him a fruitarian.Brahmacharya I Brahmacharya II
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