Jump to content

Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 30: Line 30:
Despite its advertisement as a [[recreational drug|recreational substance]], mCPP is actually generally considered to be an unpleasant experience and is not desired by drug users.<ref name="pmid19304863">{{cite journal | author = Bossong M, Brunt T, Van Dijk J, ''et al.'' | title = mCPP: an undesired addition to the ecstasy market | journal = Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) | volume = | issue = | pages = | year = 2009 | month = March | pmid = 19304863 | doi = 10.1177/0269881109102541 | url = http://jop.sagepub.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=19304863}}</ref> It lacks any [[reinforcing]] effects,<ref name="pmid14563541">{{cite journal | author = Tancer M, Johanson CE | title = Reinforcing, subjective, and physiological effects of MDMA in humans: a comparison with d-amphetamine and mCPP | journal = Drug and Alcohol Dependence | volume = 72 | issue = 1 | pages = 33–44 | year = 2003 | month = October | pmid = 14563541 | doi = | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0376871603001728}}</ref> produces [[major depression|depressive]] and [[anxiogenic]] effects in rodents and humans,<ref name="pmid19269287">{{cite journal | author = Rajkumar R, Pandey DK, Mahesh R, Radha R | title = 1-(m-Chlorophenyl)piperazine induces depressogenic-like behaviour in rodents by stimulating the neuronal 5-HT(2A) receptors: proposal of a modified rodent antidepressant assay | journal = European Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 608 | issue = 1-3 | pages = 32–41 | year = 2009 | month = April | pmid = 19269287 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.02.041 | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0014-2999(09)00198-8}}</ref><ref name="pmid2767117">{{cite journal | author = Kennett GA, Whitton P, Shah K, Curzon G | title = Anxiogenic-like effects of mCPP and TFMPP in animal models are opposed by 5-HT1C receptor antagonists | journal = European Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 164 | issue = 3 | pages = 445–54 | year = 1989 | month = May | pmid = 2767117 | doi = | url = }}</ref> and can induce [[panic attack]]s in individuals susceptible to them.<ref name="pmid1756202">{{cite journal | author = Klein E, Zohar J, Geraci MF, Murphy DL, Uhde TW | title = Anxiogenic effects of m-CPP in patients with panic disorder: comparison to caffeine's anxiogenic effects | journal = Biological Psychiatry | volume = 30 | issue = 10 | pages = 973–84 | year = 1991 | month = November | pmid = 1756202 | doi = | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid3110824">{{cite journal | author = Charney DS, Woods SW, Goodman WK, Heninger GR | title = Serotonin function in anxiety. II. Effects of the serotonin agonist MCPP in panic disorder patients and healthy subjects | journal = Psychopharmacology | volume = 92 | issue = 1 | pages = 14–24 | year = 1987 | pmid = 3110824 | doi = | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid17481859">{{cite journal | author = Van Veen JF, Van der Wee NJ, Fiselier J, Van Vliet IM, Westenberg HG | title = Behavioural effects of rapid intravenous administration of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) in patients with generalized social anxiety disorder, panic disorder and healthy controls | journal = European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology | volume = 17 | issue = 10 | pages = 637–42 | year = 2007 | month = October | pmid = 17481859 | doi = 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.03.005 | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924-977X(07)00082-X}}</ref><ref name="pmid15336303">{{cite journal | author = van der Wee NJ, Fiselier J, van Megen HJ, Westenberg HG | title = Behavioural effects of rapid intravenous administration of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine in patients with panic disorder and controls | journal = European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology | volume = 14 | issue = 5 | pages = 413–7 | year = 2004 | month = October | pmid = 15336303 | doi = 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2004.01.001 | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924977X0400015X}}</ref> It also worsens [[obsessive-compulsive disorder|obsessive-compulsive]] symptoms in people with the disorder.<ref name="pmid1728249">{{cite journal | author = Hollander E, DeCaria CM, Nitescu A, ''et al.'' | title = Serotonergic function in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to oral m-chlorophenylpiperazine and fenfluramine in patients and healthy volunteers | journal = Archives of General Psychiatry | volume = 49 | issue = 1 | pages = 21–8 | year = 1992 | month = January | pmid = 1728249 | doi = | url = http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=1728249}}</ref><ref name="pmid9676822">{{cite journal | author = Broocks A, Pigott TA, Hill JL, ''et al.'' | title = Acute intravenous administration of ondansetron and m-CPP, alone and in combination, in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): behavioral and biological results | journal = Psychiatry Research | volume = 79 | issue = 1 | pages = 11–20 | year = 1998 | month = June | pmid = 9676822 | doi = | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165178198000298}}</ref><ref name="pmid2018816">{{cite journal | author = Pigott TA, Zohar J, Hill JL, ''et al.'' | title = Metergoline blocks the behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of orally administered m-chlorophenylpiperazine in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder | journal = Biological Psychiatry | volume = 29 | issue = 5 | pages = 418–26 | year = 1991 | month = March | pmid = 2018816 | doi = | url = }}</ref>
Despite its advertisement as a [[recreational drug|recreational substance]], mCPP is actually generally considered to be an unpleasant experience and is not desired by drug users.<ref name="pmid19304863">{{cite journal | author = Bossong M, Brunt T, Van Dijk J, ''et al.'' | title = mCPP: an undesired addition to the ecstasy market | journal = Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) | volume = | issue = | pages = | year = 2009 | month = March | pmid = 19304863 | doi = 10.1177/0269881109102541 | url = http://jop.sagepub.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=19304863}}</ref> It lacks any [[reinforcing]] effects,<ref name="pmid14563541">{{cite journal | author = Tancer M, Johanson CE | title = Reinforcing, subjective, and physiological effects of MDMA in humans: a comparison with d-amphetamine and mCPP | journal = Drug and Alcohol Dependence | volume = 72 | issue = 1 | pages = 33–44 | year = 2003 | month = October | pmid = 14563541 | doi = | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0376871603001728}}</ref> produces [[major depression|depressive]] and [[anxiogenic]] effects in rodents and humans,<ref name="pmid19269287">{{cite journal | author = Rajkumar R, Pandey DK, Mahesh R, Radha R | title = 1-(m-Chlorophenyl)piperazine induces depressogenic-like behaviour in rodents by stimulating the neuronal 5-HT(2A) receptors: proposal of a modified rodent antidepressant assay | journal = European Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 608 | issue = 1-3 | pages = 32–41 | year = 2009 | month = April | pmid = 19269287 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.02.041 | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0014-2999(09)00198-8}}</ref><ref name="pmid2767117">{{cite journal | author = Kennett GA, Whitton P, Shah K, Curzon G | title = Anxiogenic-like effects of mCPP and TFMPP in animal models are opposed by 5-HT1C receptor antagonists | journal = European Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 164 | issue = 3 | pages = 445–54 | year = 1989 | month = May | pmid = 2767117 | doi = | url = }}</ref> and can induce [[panic attack]]s in individuals susceptible to them.<ref name="pmid1756202">{{cite journal | author = Klein E, Zohar J, Geraci MF, Murphy DL, Uhde TW | title = Anxiogenic effects of m-CPP in patients with panic disorder: comparison to caffeine's anxiogenic effects | journal = Biological Psychiatry | volume = 30 | issue = 10 | pages = 973–84 | year = 1991 | month = November | pmid = 1756202 | doi = | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid3110824">{{cite journal | author = Charney DS, Woods SW, Goodman WK, Heninger GR | title = Serotonin function in anxiety. II. Effects of the serotonin agonist MCPP in panic disorder patients and healthy subjects | journal = Psychopharmacology | volume = 92 | issue = 1 | pages = 14–24 | year = 1987 | pmid = 3110824 | doi = | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid17481859">{{cite journal | author = Van Veen JF, Van der Wee NJ, Fiselier J, Van Vliet IM, Westenberg HG | title = Behavioural effects of rapid intravenous administration of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) in patients with generalized social anxiety disorder, panic disorder and healthy controls | journal = European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology | volume = 17 | issue = 10 | pages = 637–42 | year = 2007 | month = October | pmid = 17481859 | doi = 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.03.005 | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924-977X(07)00082-X}}</ref><ref name="pmid15336303">{{cite journal | author = van der Wee NJ, Fiselier J, van Megen HJ, Westenberg HG | title = Behavioural effects of rapid intravenous administration of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine in patients with panic disorder and controls | journal = European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology | volume = 14 | issue = 5 | pages = 413–7 | year = 2004 | month = October | pmid = 15336303 | doi = 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2004.01.001 | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924977X0400015X}}</ref> It also worsens [[obsessive-compulsive disorder|obsessive-compulsive]] symptoms in people with the disorder.<ref name="pmid1728249">{{cite journal | author = Hollander E, DeCaria CM, Nitescu A, ''et al.'' | title = Serotonergic function in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to oral m-chlorophenylpiperazine and fenfluramine in patients and healthy volunteers | journal = Archives of General Psychiatry | volume = 49 | issue = 1 | pages = 21–8 | year = 1992 | month = January | pmid = 1728249 | doi = | url = http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=1728249}}</ref><ref name="pmid9676822">{{cite journal | author = Broocks A, Pigott TA, Hill JL, ''et al.'' | title = Acute intravenous administration of ondansetron and m-CPP, alone and in combination, in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): behavioral and biological results | journal = Psychiatry Research | volume = 79 | issue = 1 | pages = 11–20 | year = 1998 | month = June | pmid = 9676822 | doi = | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165178198000298}}</ref><ref name="pmid2018816">{{cite journal | author = Pigott TA, Zohar J, Hill JL, ''et al.'' | title = Metergoline blocks the behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of orally administered m-chlorophenylpiperazine in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder | journal = Biological Psychiatry | volume = 29 | issue = 5 | pages = 418–26 | year = 1991 | month = March | pmid = 2018816 | doi = | url = }}</ref>


mCPP is known to induce headaches in humans and has been used for testing potential anti-migraine medications.<ref name="Leone">{{cite journal | last = Leone | first = M | coauthors = A Attanasio, D Croci, G Filippini, D D'Amico, L Grazzi, A Nespolo, G Bussone | title = The serotonergic agent m-chlorophenylpiperazine induces migraine attacks: A controlled study | journal = Neurology | volume = 55 | issue = 1 | pages = 136–139 | date = July 12, 2000 | url = | doi = | pmid = 10891925}}</ref><ref name="Martin et al.">Martin RS & Martin GR. Investigations into migraine pathogenesis: time course for effects of m-CPP, BW723C86 or glyceryl trinitrate on appearance of Fos-like immunoreactivity in rat trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). Cephalalgia 2001; 21:46–52. London. ISSN 0333-10245</ref><ref name="Petkov et al.">Petkov VD, Belcheva S, Konstantinova E. Anxiolytic effects of dotarizine, a possible antimigraine drug. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;17(10):659-68. </ref> Up to 10% of people who take mCPP will develop a migraine headache and 90% of individuals who commonly suffer from migraines will have an attack induced by mCPP.
mCPP is known to induce headaches in humans and has been used for testing potential anti-migraine medications.<ref name="Leone">{{cite journal | last = Leone | first = M | coauthors = A Attanasio, D Croci, G Filippini, D D'Amico, L Grazzi, A Nespolo, G Bussone | title = The serotonergic agent m-chlorophenylpiperazine induces migraine attacks: A controlled study | journal = Neurology | volume = 55 | issue = 1 | pages = 136–139 | date = July 12, 2000 | url = | doi = | pmid = 10891925}}</ref><ref name="Martin et al.">Martin RS & Martin GR. Investigations into migraine pathogenesis: time course for effects of m-CPP, BW723C86 or glyceryl trinitrate on appearance of Fos-like immunoreactivity in rat trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). Cephalalgia 2001; 21:46–52. London. ISSN 0333-10245</ref><ref name="Petkov et al.">Petkov VD, Belcheva S, Konstantinova E. Anxiolytic effects of dotarizine, a possible antimigraine drug. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;17(10):659-68. </ref> It has potent [[anorectic]] effects and has encouraged the development of selective [[5-HT2C receptor|5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptor]] [[agonist]]s for the treatment of [[obesity]] as well.<ref name="pmid2906446">{{cite journal | author = Kennett GA, Curzon G | title = Evidence that hypophagia induced by mCPP and TFMPP requires 5-HT1C and 5-HT1B receptors; hypophagia induced by RU 24969 only requires 5-HT1B receptors | journal = Psychopharmacology | volume = 96 | issue = 1 | pages = 93–100 | year = 1988 | pmid = 2906446 | doi = | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid9361339">{{cite journal | author = Sargent PA, Sharpley AL, Williams C, Goodall EM, Cowen PJ | title = 5-HT2C receptor activation decreases appetite and body weight in obese subjects | journal = Psychopharmacology | volume = 133 | issue = 3 | pages = 309–12 | year = 1997 | month = October | pmid = 9361339 | doi = | url = http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00213/bibs/7133003/71330309.htm}}</ref><ref name="pmid15719229">{{cite journal | author = Hayashi A, Suzuki M, Sasamata M, Miyata K | title = Agonist diversity in 5-HT(2C) receptor-mediated weight control in rats | journal = Psychopharmacology | volume = 178 | issue = 2-3 | pages = 241–9 | year = 2005 | month = March | pmid = 15719229 | doi = 10.1007/s00213-004-2019-z | url = http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-004-2019-z}}</ref><ref name="pmid17209663">{{cite journal | author = Halford JC, Harrold JA, Boyland EJ, Lawton CL, Blundell JE | title = Serotonergic drugs : effects on appetite expression and use for the treatment of obesity | journal = Drugs | volume = 67 | issue = 1 | pages = 27–55 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17209663 | doi = | url = http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?issn=0012-6667&volume=67&issue=1&spage=27}}</ref>


== Pharmacology ==
== Pharmacology ==


mCPP possesses significant [[affinity (pharmacology)|affinity]] for the [[5-HT1A receptor|5-HT<sub>1A</sub>]], [[5-HT1B receptor|5-HT<sub>1B</sub>]], [[5-HT1D receptor|5-HT<sub>1D</sub>]], [[5-HT2A receptor|5-HT<sub>2A</sub>]], [[5-HT2B receptor|5-HT<sub>2B</sub>]], [[5-HT2C receptor|5-HT<sub>2C</sub>]], [[5-HT3 receptor|5-HT<sub>3</sub>]], and [[5-HT7 receptor|5-HT<sub>7</sub> receptor]]s, as well as the [[serotonin transporter|SERT]].<ref name="urlPDSP Database - UNC">{{cite web | url = http://pdsp.med.unc.edu/pdsp.php#search | title = PDSP Database - UNC | format = | work = | accessdate = }}</ref> It also has some affinity for [[alpha-1 adrenergic|α<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic]], [[alpha-2 adrenergic|α<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic]], [[H1 receptor|H<sub>1</sub>]], [[Imidazoline receptor|I<sub>1</sub>]], and [[norepinephrine transporter|NET]].<ref name="urlPDSP Database - UNC">{{cite web | url = http://pdsp.med.unc.edu/pdsp.php#search | title = PDSP Database - UNC | format = | work = | accessdate = }}</ref> It behaves as an [[agonist]] at most or all serotonin receptors and its strongest actions are at the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> and 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptors.<ref name="pmid503247">{{cite journal | author = Samanin R, Mennini T, Ferraris A, Bendotti C, Borsini F, Garattini S | title = Chlorophenylpiperazine: a central serotonin agonist causing powerful anorexia in rats | journal = Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology | volume = 308 | issue = 2 | pages = 159–63 | year = 1979 | month = August | pmid = 503247 | doi = | url = }}</ref><ref name="urlPDSP Database - UNC">{{cite web | url = http://pdsp.med.unc.edu/pdsp.php#search | title = PDSP Database - UNC | format = | work = | accessdate = }}</ref> mCPP has been shown to act not only as a [[reuptake inhibitor]] of serotonin but as a [[releasing agent]] as well.<ref name="pmid6610423">{{cite journal | author = Pettibone DJ, Williams M | title = Serotonin-releasing effects of substituted piperazines in vitro | journal = Biochemical Pharmacology | volume = 33 | issue = 9 | pages = 1531–5 | year = 1984 | month = May | pmid = 6610423 | doi = | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0006-2952(84)90424-6}}</ref>
mCPP possesses significant [[affinity (pharmacology)|affinity]] for the [[5-HT1A receptor|5-HT<sub>1A</sub>]], [[5-HT1B receptor|5-HT<sub>1B</sub>]], [[5-HT1D receptor|5-HT<sub>1D</sub>]], [[5-HT2A receptor|5-HT<sub>2A</sub>]], [[5-HT2B receptor|5-HT<sub>2B</sub>]], [[5-HT2C receptor|5-HT<sub>2C</sub>]], [[5-HT3 receptor|5-HT<sub>3</sub>]], and [[5-HT7 receptor|5-HT<sub>7</sub> receptor]]s, as well as the [[serotonin transporter|SERT]].<ref name="urlPDSP Database - UNC">{{cite web | url = http://pdsp.med.unc.edu/pdsp.php#search | title = PDSP Database - UNC | format = | work = | accessdate = }}</ref> It also has some affinity for [[alpha-1 adrenergic|α<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic]], [[alpha-2 adrenergic|α<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic]], [[H1 receptor|H<sub>1</sub>]], [[Imidazoline receptor|I<sub>1</sub>]], and [[norepinephrine transporter|NET]].<ref name="urlPDSP Database - UNC">{{cite web | url = http://pdsp.med.unc.edu/pdsp.php#search | title = PDSP Database - UNC | format = | work = | accessdate = }}</ref> It behaves as an [[agonist]] at most or all serotonin receptors and its strongest actions are at the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> and 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptors.<ref name="pmid503247">{{cite journal | author = Samanin R, Mennini T, Ferraris A, Bendotti C, Borsini F, Garattini S | title = Chlorophenylpiperazine: a central serotonin agonist causing powerful anorexia in rats | journal = Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology | volume = 308 | issue = 2 | pages = 159–63 | year = 1979 | month = August | pmid = 503247 | doi = | url = }}</ref><ref name="urlPDSP Database - UNC">{{cite web | url = http://pdsp.med.unc.edu/pdsp.php#search | title = PDSP Database - UNC | format = | work = | accessdate = }}</ref> mCPP has been shown to act not only as a [[reuptake inhibitor]] of serotonin but as a [[releasing agent]] as well.<ref name="pmid6610423">{{cite journal | author = Pettibone DJ, Williams M | title = Serotonin-releasing effects of substituted piperazines in vitro | journal = Biochemical Pharmacology | volume = 33 | issue = 9 | pages = 1531–5 | year = 1984 | month = May | pmid = 6610423 | doi = | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0006-2952(84)90424-6}}</ref>

mCPP's negative effects such as [[anxiety]], [[headache]]s, and [[anorexia (symptom)|appetite loss]] are likely mediated by its actions on the 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptor, whereas its [[psychedelic drug|psychedelic]] effects at high doses are probably caused by 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> activation.


== Legal status ==
== Legal status ==

Revision as of 02:09, 11 March 2010

meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine
Clinical data
Routes of
administration		Oral, Nasal, Rectal
ATC code
  • none
Legal status
Legal status
  • See below..
Pharmacokinetic data
MetabolismHepatic
Elimination half-life2-6 hours
ExcretionRenal
Identifiers
  • 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.026.959 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC10H13ClN2
Molar mass196.676 g/mol g·mol−1
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)
File:Mcpp.jpg
Tablets containing mCPP confiscated by the DEA in Vernon Hills, Illinois

meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) is a psychoactive drug of the piperazine class. It was initially developed in the late-1970s and used in scientific research before being sold as a designer drug in the mid-2000s.[1][2] It has been detected in pills touted as legal alternatives to illicit stimulants in New Zealand and pills sold as "ecstasy" in Europe and the United States.[3][4]

Despite its advertisement as a recreational substance, mCPP is actually generally considered to be an unpleasant experience and is not desired by drug users.[3] It lacks any reinforcing effects,[5] produces depressive and anxiogenic effects in rodents and humans,[6][7] and can induce panic attacks in individuals susceptible to them.[8][9][10][11] It also worsens obsessive-compulsive symptoms in people with the disorder.[12][13][14]

mCPP is known to induce headaches in humans and has been used for testing potential anti-migraine medications.[15][16][17] It has potent anorectic effects and has encouraged the development of selective 5-HT2C receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity as well.[18][19][20][21]

Pharmacology

mCPP possesses significant affinity for the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, and 5-HT7 receptors, as well as the SERT.[22] It also has some affinity for α1-adrenergic, α2-adrenergic, H1, I1, and NET.[22] It behaves as an agonist at most or all serotonin receptors and its strongest actions are at the 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors.[23][22] mCPP has been shown to act not only as a reuptake inhibitor of serotonin but as a releasing agent as well.[24]

mCPP's negative effects such as anxiety, headaches, and appetite loss are likely mediated by its actions on the 5-HT2C receptor, whereas its psychedelic effects at high doses are probably caused by 5-HT2A activation.

  • In the Netherlands: Legal
  • In the United States: Legal
  • In Denmark: Illegal[25]
  • In Germany: Illegal
  • In Sweden: Legal
  • In Norway: Legal
  • In Brazil: Illegal[26]
  • In the United Kingdom: Legal
  • In Belgium: Illegal[27]

Based on the recommendation of the EACD, the New Zealand government has passed legislation which placed BZP, along with the other piperazine derivatives TFMPP, mCPP, pFPP, MeOPP and MBZP, into Class C of the New Zealand Misuse of Drugs Act 1975. A ban was intended to come into effect in New Zealand on December 18 2007, but the law change did not go through until the following year, and the sale of BZP and the other listed piperazines became illegal in New Zealand as of 1st of April 2008. An amnesty for possession and usage of these drugs remained until October 2008, at which point they became completely illegal.[28]

See also

References

  1. ^ Bossong MG, Van Dijk JP, Niesink RJ (2005). "Methylone and mCPP, two new drugs of abuse?". Addiction Biology. 10 (4): 321–3. doi:10.1080/13556210500350794. PMID 16318952. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Lecompte Y, Evrard I, Arditti J (2006). "[Metachlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP): a new designer drug]". Thérapie (in French). 61 (6): 523–30. PMID 17348609.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ a b Bossong M, Brunt T, Van Dijk J; et al. (2009). "mCPP: an undesired addition to the ecstasy market". Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). doi:10.1177/0269881109102541. PMID 19304863. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Vogels N, Brunt TM, Rigter S, van Dijk P, Vervaeke H, Niesink RJ (2009). "Content of ecstasy in the Netherlands: 1993-2008". Addiction (Abingdon, England). 104 (12): 2057–66. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02707.x. PMID 19804461. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Tancer M, Johanson CE (2003). "Reinforcing, subjective, and physiological effects of MDMA in humans: a comparison with d-amphetamine and mCPP". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 72 (1): 33–44. PMID 14563541. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ^ Rajkumar R, Pandey DK, Mahesh R, Radha R (2009). "1-(m-Chlorophenyl)piperazine induces depressogenic-like behaviour in rodents by stimulating the neuronal 5-HT(2A) receptors: proposal of a modified rodent antidepressant assay". European Journal of Pharmacology. 608 (1–3): 32–41. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.02.041. PMID 19269287. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Kennett GA, Whitton P, Shah K, Curzon G (1989). "Anxiogenic-like effects of mCPP and TFMPP in animal models are opposed by 5-HT1C receptor antagonists". European Journal of Pharmacology. 164 (3): 445–54. PMID 2767117. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Klein E, Zohar J, Geraci MF, Murphy DL, Uhde TW (1991). "Anxiogenic effects of m-CPP in patients with panic disorder: comparison to caffeine's anxiogenic effects". Biological Psychiatry. 30 (10): 973–84. PMID 1756202. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ Charney DS, Woods SW, Goodman WK, Heninger GR (1987). "Serotonin function in anxiety. II. Effects of the serotonin agonist MCPP in panic disorder patients and healthy subjects". Psychopharmacology. 92 (1): 14–24. PMID 3110824.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Van Veen JF, Van der Wee NJ, Fiselier J, Van Vliet IM, Westenberg HG (2007). "Behavioural effects of rapid intravenous administration of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) in patients with generalized social anxiety disorder, panic disorder and healthy controls". European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 17 (10): 637–42. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.03.005. PMID 17481859. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ van der Wee NJ, Fiselier J, van Megen HJ, Westenberg HG (2004). "Behavioural effects of rapid intravenous administration of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine in patients with panic disorder and controls". European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 14 (5): 413–7. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2004.01.001. PMID 15336303. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Hollander E, DeCaria CM, Nitescu A; et al. (1992). "Serotonergic function in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to oral m-chlorophenylpiperazine and fenfluramine in patients and healthy volunteers". Archives of General Psychiatry. 49 (1): 21–8. PMID 1728249. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Broocks A, Pigott TA, Hill JL; et al. (1998). "Acute intravenous administration of ondansetron and m-CPP, alone and in combination, in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): behavioral and biological results". Psychiatry Research. 79 (1): 11–20. PMID 9676822. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Pigott TA, Zohar J, Hill JL; et al. (1991). "Metergoline blocks the behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of orally administered m-chlorophenylpiperazine in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder". Biological Psychiatry. 29 (5): 418–26. PMID 2018816. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ Leone, M (July 12, 2000). "The serotonergic agent m-chlorophenylpiperazine induces migraine attacks: A controlled study". Neurology. 55 (1): 136–139. PMID 10891925. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ Martin RS & Martin GR. Investigations into migraine pathogenesis: time course for effects of m-CPP, BW723C86 or glyceryl trinitrate on appearance of Fos-like immunoreactivity in rat trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). Cephalalgia 2001; 21:46–52. London. ISSN 0333-10245
  17. ^ Petkov VD, Belcheva S, Konstantinova E. Anxiolytic effects of dotarizine, a possible antimigraine drug. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;17(10):659-68.
  18. ^ Kennett GA, Curzon G (1988). "Evidence that hypophagia induced by mCPP and TFMPP requires 5-HT1C and 5-HT1B receptors; hypophagia induced by RU 24969 only requires 5-HT1B receptors". Psychopharmacology. 96 (1): 93–100. PMID 2906446.
  19. ^ Sargent PA, Sharpley AL, Williams C, Goodall EM, Cowen PJ (1997). "5-HT2C receptor activation decreases appetite and body weight in obese subjects". Psychopharmacology. 133 (3): 309–12. PMID 9361339. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ Hayashi A, Suzuki M, Sasamata M, Miyata K (2005). "Agonist diversity in 5-HT(2C) receptor-mediated weight control in rats". Psychopharmacology. 178 (2–3): 241–9. doi:10.1007/s00213-004-2019-z. PMID 15719229. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ Halford JC, Harrold JA, Boyland EJ, Lawton CL, Blundell JE (2007). "Serotonergic drugs : effects on appetite expression and use for the treatment of obesity". Drugs. 67 (1): 27–55. PMID 17209663.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ a b c "PDSP Database - UNC".
  23. ^ Samanin R, Mennini T, Ferraris A, Bendotti C, Borsini F, Garattini S (1979). "Chlorophenylpiperazine: a central serotonin agonist causing powerful anorexia in rats". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 308 (2): 159–63. PMID 503247. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ Pettibone DJ, Williams M (1984). "Serotonin-releasing effects of substituted piperazines in vitro". Biochemical Pharmacology. 33 (9): 1531–5. PMID 6610423. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  25. ^ Erowid.org
  26. ^ ANVISA resolution - Portaria SVS/MS 344/98
  27. ^ EMCDDA
  28. ^ Misuse of Drugs (Classification of BZP) Amendment Bill 2008


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine&oldid=349134265"