July 16

July 16 in recent years

2024 (Tuesday)

2023 (Sunday)

2022 (Saturday)

2021 (Friday)

2020 (Thursday)

2019 (Tuesday)

2018 (Monday)

2017 (Sunday)

2016 (Saturday)

2015 (Thursday)

July 16 is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 168 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

• 622 – The beginning of the Islamic calendar.
• 1054 – Three Roman legates break relations between Western and Eastern Christian Churches through the act of placing an invalidly-issued Papal bull of Excommunication on the altar of Hagia Sophia during Saturday afternoon divine liturgy. Historians frequently describe the event as the start of the East–West Schism.
• 1212 – Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: after Pope Innocent III calls European knights to a crusade, forces of Kings Alfonso VIII of Castile, Sancho VII of Navarre, Peter II of Aragon and Afonso II of Portugal defeat those of the Berber Muslim leader Almohad, thus marking a significant turning point in the Reconquista and in the medieval history of Spain.
• 1377 – Coronation of Richard II of England.
• 1661 – The first banknotes in Europe are issued by the Swedish bank Stockholms Banco.
• 1683 – Manchu Qing Dynasty naval forces under traitorous commander Shi Lang defeat the Kingdom of Tungning in the Battle of Penghu near the Pescadores Islands.
• 1769 – Father Junípero Serra founds California's first mission, Mission San Diego de Alcalá. Over the following decades, it evolves into the city of San Diego, California.
• 1779 – American Revolutionary War: light infantry of the Continental Army seize a fortified British Army position in a midnight bayonet attack at the Battle of Stony Point.
• 1782 – First performance of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera Die Entführung aus dem Serail.
• 1790 – The District of Columbia is established as the capital of the United States after signature of the Residence Act.
• 1809 – The city of La Paz, in what is today Bolivia, declares its independence from the Spanish Crown during the La Paz revolution and forms the Junta Tuitiva, the first independent government in Spanish America, led by Pedro Domingo Murillo.
• 1849 – Antonio María Claret y Clará founded the Congregation of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, popularly known as the Claretians in Vic, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
• 1861 – American Civil War: at the order of President Abraham Lincoln, Union troops begin a 25 mile march into Virginia for what will become the First Battle of Bull Run, the first major land battle of the war.
• 1862 – American Civil War: David Farragut is promoted to rear admiral, becoming the first officer in United States Navy to hold an admiral rank.
• 1880 – Emily Stowe becomes the first female physician licensed to practice medicine in Canada.
• 1909 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar is forced out as Shah of Persia and is replaced by his son Ahmad Shah Qajar.
• 1910 – John Robertson Duigan makes the first flight of the Duigan pusher biplane, the first aircraft built in Australia.
• 1915 – Henry James becomes a British citizen, to highlight his commitment to England during the first World War.
• 1915 – First Order of the Arrow ceremony takes places and the Order of the Arrow is founded.
• 1927 – Augusto César Sandino leads a raid on U.S. Marines and Nicaraguan Guardia Nacional that had been sent to apprehend him in the village of Ocotal, but is repulsed by one of the first dive-bombing attacks in history.
• 1931 – Emperor Haile Selassie I signs the first constitution of Ethiopia.
• 1935 – The world's first parking meter is installed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
• 1941 – Joe DiMaggio hits safely for the 56th consecutive game, a streak that still stands as a MLB record.
• 1942 – Holocaust: Vel' d'Hiv Roundup (Rafle du Vel' d'Hiv): the government of Vichy France orders the mass arrest of 13,152 Jews who are held at the Winter Velodrome in Paris before deportation to Auschwitz.
• 1945 – World War II: The heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis leaves San Francisco with parts for the atomic bomb "Little Boy" bound for Tinian Island.
• 1945 – Manhattan Project: the Atomic Age begins when the United States successfully detonates a plutonium-based test nuclear weapon near Alamogordo, New Mexico.
• 1948 – Following token resistance, the city of Nazareth, revered by Christians as the hometown of Jesus, capitulates to Israeli troops during Operation Dekel in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
• 1948 – The storming of the cockpit of the Miss Macao passenger seaplane, operated by a subsidiary of the Cathay Pacific Airways, marks the first aircraft hijacking of a commercial plane.
• 1950 – Chaplain–Medic massacre: American POWs were massacred by North Korean Army.
• 1951 – King Leopold III of Belgium abdicates in favor of his son, Baudouin I of Belgium.
• 1951 – The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger is published for the first time by Little, Brown and Company.
• 1956 – Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus closes its very last "Big Tent" show in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, due to changing economics all subsequent circus shows will be held in arenas.
• 1960 – USS George Washington a modified Skipjack class submarine successfully test fires the first ballistic missile while submerged.
• 1965 – The Mont Blanc Tunnel linking France and Italy opens.
• 1969 – Apollo program: Apollo 11, the first manned space mission to land on the Moon, is launched from the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Florida.
• 1973 – Watergate scandal: former White House aide Alexander Butterfield informs the United States Senate that President Richard Nixon had secretly recorded potentially incriminating conversations.
• 1979 – Iraqi President Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr resigns and is replaced by Saddam Hussein.
• 1981 – Mahathir Mohamad becomes Malaysia's 4th Prime Minister; his 22 years in office, ending with retirement on 31 October 2003, made him Asia's longest-serving political leader.
• 1983 – Sikorsky S-61 disaster: a helicopter crashes off the Isles of Scilly, causing 20 fatalities.
• 1990 – The Luzon Earthquake strikes in Benguet, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, La Union, Aurora, Bataan, Zambales and Tarlac, Philippines, with an intensity of 7.7.
• 1990 – The Parliament of the Ukrainian SSR declares state sovereignty over the territory of the Ukrainian SSR.
• 1993 – The Slackware operating system is first released.
• 1994 – Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 collides with Jupiter. Impacts continue until July 22.
• 1999 – John F. Kennedy, Jr., piloting a Piper Saratoga aircraft, dies when his plane crashes into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Martha's Vineyard. His wife Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy and sister-in-law Lauren Bessette are also killed.
• 2004 – Millennium Park, considered Chicago, Illinois's first and most ambitious early 21st century architectural project, is opened to the public by Mayor Richard M. Daley.
• 2007 – An earthquake of magnitude 6.8 and 6.6 aftershock occurs off the Niigata coast of Japan killing eight people, injuring at least 800 and damaging a nuclear power plant.
• 2008 – Sixteen infants in Gansu Province, China, who had been fed on tainted milk powder, are diagnosed with kidney stones; in total an estimated 300,000 infants are affected.

Births

• 1194 – Clare of Assisi, Italian saint (d. 1253)
• 1486 – Andrea del Sarto, Italian painter (d. 1530)
• 1611 – Cecilia Renata of Austria (d. 1644)
• 1714 – Marc René, marquis de Montalembert, French engineer and writer (d. 1800)
• 1722 – Joseph Wilton, English sculptor (d. 1803)
• 1723 – Joshua Reynolds, English painter (d. 1792)
• 1731 – Samuel Huntington, American politician, 3rd Governor of Connecticut and signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (d. 1796)
• 1741 – Nikolai von Glehn, Baltic German landowner and activist (d. 1923)
• 1749 – Cyrus Griffin, American politician (d. 1810)
• 1796 – Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, French painter (d. 1875)
• 1821 – Mary Baker Eddy, American writer, founder of Christian Science (d. 1910)
• 1858 – Eugène Ysaÿe, Belgian violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 1931)
• 1862 – Ida B. Wells, American civil rights activist (d. 1931)
• 1870 – Lambert McKenna, Irish priest and scholar (d. 1956)
• 1871 – John Maxwell, American golfer (d. 1906)
• 1872 – Roald Amundsen, Norwegian explorer (d. 1928)
• 1875 – Emil Voigt, American gymnast (d. 1961)
• 1880 – Kathleen Norris, American novelist (d. 1966)
• 1883 – Charles Sheeler, American photographer and artist (d. 1965)
• 1884 – Anna Vyrubova, Russian writer (d. 1964)
• 1888 – Shoeless Joe Jackson, American baseball player (d. 1951)
• 1888 – Percy Kilbride, American actor (d. 1964)
• 1888 – Frits Zernike, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1966)
• 1889 – Larry Semon, American actor (d. 1928)
• 1896 – Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, German biologist and eugenicist (d. 1969)
• 1896 – Trygve Lie, Norwegian politician, 1st Secretary-General of the United Nations (d. 1968)
• 1896 – Evelyn Preer, American actress (d. 1932)
• 1902 – Alexander Luria, Russian psychologist (d. 1977)
• 1903 – Fritz Bauer, German judge (d. 1968)
• 1903 – Carmen Lombardo, Canadian singer and composer (d. 1971)
• 1903 – Mary Philbin, American actress (d. 1993)
• 1904 – Goffredo Petrassi, Italian composer (d. 2003)
• 1906 – Vincent Sherman, American director (d. 2006)
• 1907 – Frances Horwich, American educator and television host (d. 2001)
• 1907 – Orville Redenbacher, American farmer and businessman (d. 1995)
• 1907 – Barbara Stanwyck, American actress (d. 1990)
• 1910 – Stan McCabe, Australian cricketer (d. 1968)
• 1910 – Gordon Prange, American author (d. 1980)
• 1911 – Ginger Rogers, American actress and dancer (d. 1995)
• 1911 – Sonny Tufts, American actor (d. 1970)
• 1912 – Milt Bocek, American baseball player (d. 2007)
• 1915 – Barnard Hughes, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1918 – Bayani Casimiro, Filipino dancer and actor (d. 1989)
• 1919 – Hermine Braunsteiner, Austrian SS officer (d. 1999)
• 1919 – Choi Kyu-hah, South Korean politician, 4th President of South Korea (d. 2006)
• 1920 – Anatole Broyard, American critic and essayist (d. 1990)
• 1920 – Anwar Hussain, Pakistani cricketer (d. 2002)
• 1923 – Chris Argyris, American educator and theorist
• 1924 – Bess Myerson, American model, Miss America 1945
• 1925 – Cal Tjader, American musician and bandleader (d. 1982)
• 1926 – Ivica Horvat, Croatian footballer and manager (d. 2012)
• 1926 – Irwin Rose, American biologist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1927 – John Warr, English cricketer
• 1928 – Anita Brookner, English novelist
• 1928 – Robert Sheckley, American writer (d. 2005)
• 1928 – Bella Davidovich, Soviet-American pianist
• 1928 – Dave Treen, American politician, 51st Governor of Louisiana (d. 2009)
• 1928 – Ticho Parly, Danish tenor (d. 1993)
• 1928 – Andrzej Zawada, Polish mountaineer (d. 2000)
• 1929 – Charles Ray Hatcher, American serial killer (d. 1984)
• 1929 – Sheri S. Tepper, American author
• 1930 – Guy Béart, Egyptian-French singer-songwriter
• 1930 – Michael Bilirakis, American politician
• 1932 – Max McGee, American football player (d. 2007)
• 1932 – Dick Thornburgh, American politician
• 1934 – Donald M. Payne, American politician
• 1936 – Yasuo Fukuda, Japanese politician
• 1936 – Buddy Merrill, American guitarist
• 1936 – Jerry Norman, American sinologist and linguist (d. 2012)
• 1936 – Venkataraman Subramanya, Indian cricketer
• 1937 – Richard Bryan, American politician
• 1938 – Tony Jackson, English singer and bass player (The Searchers) (d. 2003)
• 1939 – Denise LaSalle, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1939 – Corin Redgrave, English actor and activist (d. 2010)
• 1939 – Mariele Ventre, Italian singer and conductor (d. 1995)
• 1941 – Desmond Dekker, Jamaican singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
• 1941 – Mišo Kovač, Croatian singer
• 1941 – Dag Solstad, Norwegian novelist and dramatist
• 1942 – Margaret Court, Australian tennis player
• 1943 – Reinaldo Arenas, Cuban poet (d. 1990)
• 1943 – Martin Huba, Slovak actor and director
• 1943 – Jimmy Johnson, American football coach
• 1946 – Toshio Furukawa, Japanese voice actor
• 1946 – Barbara Lee, American politician
• 1946 – Richard LeParmentier, American actor
• 1946 – Ron Yary, American football player
• 1947 – Alexis Herman, American politician, 23rd United States Secretary of Labor
• 1947 – Assata Shakur, American activist and criminal
• 1948 – Rubén Blades, Panamanian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1948 – Pierre Koffmann, French-English chef
• 1948 – Lars Lagerbäck, Swedish Football Manager
• 1948 – Kevin McKenzie, South African cricketer
• 1948 – Pinchas Zukerman, Israeli violinist and conductor (National Arts Centre Orchestra)
• 1949 – Angharad Rees, Welsh actress (d. 2012)
• 1950 – Pierre Paradis, Canadian politician
• 1950 – Dennis Priestley, English darts player
• 1950 – Tom Terrell, American journalist (d. 2007)
• 1951 – Jean-Luc Mongrain, Canadian journalist
• 1952 – Stewart Copeland, American drummer (The Police, Animal Logic, Curved Air and Oysterhead)
• 1952 – Momir Karadžić, Serbian footballer
• 1952 – Ken McEwan, South African cricketer
• 1952 – Robert David Steele, American spy
• 1953 – Douglas J. Feith, American politician
• 1954 – Jeanette Mott Oxford, American politician
• 1955 – Annie Whitehead, English trombone player
• 1956 – Jerry Doyle, American actor
• 1956 – Tony Kushner, American playwright
• 1957 – Faye Grant, American actress
• 1957 – Alexandra Marinina, Russian writer
• 1958 – Michael Flatley, Irish-American dancer, choreographer, and actor
• 1958 – Pierre Roland Renoir, Monaco-Canadian painter
• 1958 – Mike D. Rogers, American politician
• 1959 – Gary Anderson, American football player
• 1959 – Doug Herzog, American television executive
• 1959 – Zoran Jolevski, Macedonian diplomat and ambassador
• 1959 – Jürgen Ligi, Estonian politician
• 1960 – Terry Pendleton, American baseball player
• 1963 – Phoebe Cates, American actress
• 1963 – Srečko Katanec, Slovenian footballer and coach
• 1964 – Phil Hellmuth, American poker player
• 1964 – Miguel Indurain, Spanish cyclist
• 1965 – Claude Lemieux, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1965 – Billy Mitchell, American gamer
• 1965 – Tina Tyler, Canadian porn actress
• 1966 – Johnny Vaughan, English writer and broadcaster
• 1967 – Will Ferrell, American comedian and actor
• 1967 – Christophe Rocancourt, French con-artist
• 1968 – Henry Hate, American-English tattoo artist
• 1968 – Dhanraj Pillay, Indian field hockey player
• 1968 – Barry Sanders, American football player
• 1968 – Larry Sanger, American philosopher, co-founder of Wikipedia and founder of Citizendium
• 1969 – Kathryn Harby-Williams, Australian netball player
• 1969 – Daryl Mitchell, American actor
• 1969 – Rain Pryor, American actress
• 1970 – Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Thai director
• 1971 – Corey Feldman, American actor and singer
• 1971 – Ed Kowalczyk, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Live)
• 1973 – Stefano Garzelli, Italian cyclist
• 1973 – Shaun Pollock, South African cricketer
• 1973 – Graham Robertson, American director and author
• 1973 – Tim Ryan, American politician
• 1974 – Jeremy Enigk, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Sunny Day Real Estate and The Fire Theft)
• 1974 – Ryan McCombs, American singer-songwriter and musician (Soil and Drowning Pool)
• 1974 – Chris Pontius, American actor and stuntman
• 1974 – Wendell Sailor, Australian rugby player
• 1975 – Ana Paula Arósio, Brazilian actress
• 1975 – Bas Leinders, Belgian race car driver
• 1975 – Jamie Oliver, Welsh singer and musician (Lostprophets)
• 1976 – Tomasz Kuchar, Polish race car driver
• 1976 – Bobby Lashley, American wrestler, mixed martial artist, and actor
• 1976 – Carlos Humberto Paredes, Paraguyan footballer
• 1976 – Anna Smashnova, Israeli tennis player
• 1977 – Bryan Budd, English soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 2006)
• 1978 – Taj Anwar, American model, philanthropist, and activist
• 1979 – Jayma Mays, American actress
• 1979 – Chris Mihm, American basketball player
• 1979 – Mai Nakamura, Japanese swimmer
• 1979 – Nathan Rogers, Canadian singer-songwriter and musician
• 1979 – Konstantin Skrylnikov, Russian footballer
• 1980 – Jesse Jane, American porn actress and model
• 1980 – Justine Joli, American porn actress and model
• 1980 – Adam Scott, Australian golfer
• 1981 – Giuseppe Di Masi, Italian footballer
• 1981 – Zach Randolph, American basketball player
• 1981 – Vicente Rodríguez, Spanish footballer
• 1982 – André Greipel, German cyclist
• 1982 – Michael Umaña, Costa Rican footballer
• 1983 – Duncan Keith, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1984 – Katrina Kaif, British Indian actress
• 1984 – Hayanari Shimoda, Japanese race car driver
• 1985 – Yōko Hikasa, Japanese voice actress and singer
• 1985 – Taryn Southern, American actress and singer
• 1985 – Denis Tahirović, Croatian footballer
• 1986 – Calum Gittins, New Zealand actor
• 1987 – Andrew James Allen, American actor
• 1987 – Mousa Dembélé, Belgian footballer
• 1987 – AnnaLynne McCord, American actress
• 1988 – Sergio Busquets, Spanish footballer
• 1989 – Gareth Bale, Welsh footballer
• 1990 – Radka Bártová, Slovak figure skater
• 1990 – James Maslow, American actor, singer, and dancer (Big Time Rush)
• 1991 – Randall Bentley, American actor
• 1991 – Andros Townsend, English footballer
• 1994 – Mark Indelicato, American actor and singer
• 1998 – Ajay Mistry, holder of a 10m swimming badge

Deaths

• 1216 – Pope Innocent III (b. 1161)
• 1324 – Emperor Go-Uda of Japan (b. 1267)
• 1342 – Charles I of Hungary (b. 1288)
• 1546 – Anne Askew, English poet (b. 1521)
• 1557 – Anne of Cleves (b. 1515)
• 1594 – Thomas Kyd, English playwright (b. 1558)
• 1647 – Masaniello, Neapolitan rebel (b. 1622)
• 1664 – Andreas Gryphius, German writer (b. 1616)
• 1686 – John Pearson, English theologian (b. 1612)
• 1691 – François Michel le Tellier, Marquis of Louvois, French war minister (b. 1641)
• 1729 – Johann David Heinichen, German composer (b. 1683)
• 1747 – Giuseppe Crespi, Italian painter (b. 1665)
• 1770 – Francis Cotes, English painter (b. 1726)
• 1796 – George Howard, English field marshal (b. 1718)
• 1831 – Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron, Russian general (b. 1763)
• 1850 – Julia Glover, Irish-born actress (b. 1779)
• 1868 – Dmitry Pisarev, Russian writer and critic (b. 1840)
• 1879 – Edward Deas Thomson, Australian politician (b. 1800)
• 1882 – Mary Todd Lincoln, American wife of Abraham Lincoln, 17th First Lady of the United States (b. 1818)
• 1886 – Ned Buntline, American novelist (b. 1823)
• 1896 – Edmond de Goncourt, French writer and critic (b. 1822)
• 1915 – Ellen G. White, American author (b. 1827)
• 1916 – Élie Metchnikoff, Russian microbiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
• 1917 – Philipp Scharwenka, German composer (b. 1847)
• 1949 – Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov, Russian poet (b. 1866)
• 1953 – Hilaire Belloc, English writer (b. 1870)
• 1960 – Albert Kesselring, German field marshal (b. 1881)
• 1960 – John P. Marquand, American novelist (b. 1893)
• 1976 – Carmelo Soria, Spanish diplomat (b. 1921)
• 1979 – Alfred Deller, English singer (b. 1912)
• 1981 – Harry Chapin, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1942)
• 1982 – Patrick Dewaere, French actor (b. 1947)
• 1982 – Charles Robberts Swart, South African politician (b. 1894)
• 1985 – Heinrich Böll, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
• 1985 – Wayne King, American saxophonist, songwriter, and bandleader (b. 1901)
• 1989 – Herbert von Karajan, Austrian conductor (b. 1908)
• 1990 – Robert Blackburn, Irish educationist (b. 1927)
• 1990 – Sidney Torch, English composer, conductor, and organist (b. 1908)
• 1991 – Robert Motherwell, American painter (b. 1915)
• 1991 – Frank Rizzo, American politician (b. 1920)
• 1992 – Buck Buchanan, American football player (b. 1940)
• 1994 – Marcel-Marie Desmarais, Canadian priest, writer, and broadcaster (b. 1908)
• 1994 – Julian Schwinger, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
• 1995 – May Sarton, Belgian-American poet (b. 1912)
• 1995 – Stephen Spender, English poet (b. 1909)
• 1996 – John Panozzo, American drummer (Styx) (b. 1948)
• 1996 – Adolf von Thadden, German politician (b. 1921)
• 1998 – John Henrik Clarke, American historian and scholar (b. 1915)
• 1999 – Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy, American publicist, wife of John F. Kennedy, Jr. (b. 1966)
• 1999 – John F. Kennedy, Jr., American publisher and lawyer (b. 1960)
• 1999 – Hiromi Yanagihara, Japanese singer (Country Musume) (b. 1979)
• 2001 – Morris, Belgian writer and illustrator (b. 1923)
• 2001 – Terry Gordy, American wrestler (b. 1961)
• 2001 – Dimitrios Holevas, Greek priest and resistance figure (b. 1907)
• 2002 – John Cocke, American computer scientist (b. 1925)
• 2003 – Celia Cruz, Cuban singer (b. 1924)
• 2003 – Carol Shields, American-Canadian novelist (b. 1935)
• 2004 – George Busbee, American politician (b. 1927)
• 2004 – Charles Sweeney, American general (b. 1919)
• 2005 – Pietro Consagra, Italian sculptor (b. 1920)
• 2005 – Yi Gu, Korean prince (b. 1931)
• 2005 – Camillo Felgen, Luxembourgish singer, songwriter, and radio host (b. 1920)
• 2006 – Bob Orton, American wrestler (b. 1929)
• 2006 – Winthrop Paul Rockefeller, American politician (b. 1948)
• 2007 – Caterina Bueno, Italian singer and historian (b. 1943)
• 2008 – Jo Stafford, American singer (b. 1917)
• 2010 – James Gammon, American actor (b. 1940)
• 2011 – Forrest Blue, American football player (b. 1944)
• 2012 – William Asher, American director, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1921)
• 2012 – Bob Babbitt, American bass player (The Funk Brothers) (b. 1937)
• 2012 – Stephen Covey, American businessman and author (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Gilbert Esau, American politician (b. 1919)
• 2012 – Richard Evatt, English boxer (b. 1973)
• 2012 – Antonín Holý, Czech scientist (b. 1936)
• 2012 – Taras Kiktyov, Ukrainian footballer (b. 1986)
• 2012 – Ed Lincoln, Brazilian composer and musician (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Jon Lord, English singer-songwriter, pianist, and composer (Deep Purple, Paice, Ashton & Lord, The Artwoods, and The Flower Pot Men) (b. 1941)
• 2012 – Masaharu Matsushita, Japanese businessman (b. 1913)
• 2012 – Kitty Wells, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1919)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Gondulphus of Tongeren
  • Helier
  • Our Lady of Mount Carmel
  • Reineldis
  • July 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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