Voiced palatal fricative
Voiced palatal fricative
| Voiced palatal fricative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ʝ | |||
| IPA Number | 139 | ||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ʝ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+029D | ||
| X-SAMPA | j\ | ||
| Braille |   | ||
| |||
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The voiced palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʝ⟩ (crossed-tail j), or in broad transcription ⟨j⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is j\.
The voiced palatal fricative is a very rare sound, occurring in only seven of the 317 languages surveyed by the original UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database.[citation needed] In four of the languages listed below (Kabyle, Margi, Modern Greek, and Scottish Gaelic) this sound occurs phonemically along with its voiceless counterpart and in several more as a result of phonological processes.
Features
Features of the voiced palatal fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is palatal, which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asturian | frayar | [fɾäˈʝär] | 'to destroy' | ||
| Berber | Kabyle | cceǥ | [ʃʃəʝ] | 'to slip' | |
| Catalan | Majorcan[1] | [figuera] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [fiˈʝeɾə] | 'fig tree' | Occurs in complementary distribution with [ɟ]. Corresponds to [ɣ] in other varieties. See Catalan phonology |
| Greek | Cypriot[2] | ελιά | [e̞ˈʝːɐ] | 'olive' | Allophone of /ʎ/ |
| Hungarian[3] | [dobj be] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [dobʝ bɛ] | 'throw (one/some) in' | An allophone of /j/. See Hungarian phonology | |
| Irish[4] | [an ghrian] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ənʲ ˈʝɾʲiən̪ˠ] | 'the sun' | See Irish phonology | |
| Pashto | Wardak dialect[5] | موږ | [muʝ] | 'we' | |
| Ripuarian | [zeije] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈt͡sɛʝə] | 'to show' | ||
| Scottish Gaelic[6] | [[[Scottish Gaelic alphabet|dhiubh]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ʝu] | 'of them' | See Scottish Gaelic phonology | |
| Spanish[7] | [[[Spanish orthography|sayo]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈsaʝo̞] | 'smock' | More often is an approximant. May also be represented by ⟨ll⟩ in most dialects. See Yeísmo | |
| Swedish[8] | [[[Swedish alphabet|jord]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | 'soil' | See Swedish phonology | ||
Template:Voiced pre-velar fricative
See also
References
- ^ Wheeler (2005:22–23)
- ^ Arvaniti (2010:116–117)
- ^ Gósy (2004:77 and 130)
- ^ Ó Sé (2000:17)
- ^ Henderson (1983:595)
- ^ Oftedal (1956:?)
- ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
- ^ Engstrand (1999:140)
Bibliography
- Arvaniti, Amalia (2007), "Greek Phonetics: The State of the Art" (PDF), Journal of Greek Linguistics, 8: 97–208
- Arvaniti, Amalia (2010), "A (brief) review of Cypriot Phonetics and Phonology", The Greek Language in Cyprus from Antiquity to the Present Day, University of Athens, pp. 107–124
{{citation}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Engstrand, Olle (1999), "Swedish", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 140–142, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
- Gósy, Mária (2004), Fonetika, a beszéd tudománya (in Hungarian), Budapest: Osiris
- Heijmans, Linda; Gussenhoven, Carlos (1998), "The Dutch dialect of Weert" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 28: 107–112, doi:10.1017/S0025100300006307
- Henderson, Michael M. T. (1983), "Four Varieties of Pashto", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 103 (3), American Oriental Society: 595–597, JSTOR 602038
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
- Nicolaidis, Katerina (2003), "An Electropalatographic Study of Palatals in Greek", in D. Theophanopoulou-Kontou; C. Lascaratou; M. Sifianou; M. Georgiafentis; V. Spyropoulos (eds.), Current trends in Greek Linguistics (in Greek), Athens: Patakis, pp. 108–127
- Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000), Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne (in Irish), Dublin: Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann, ISBN 0-946452-97-0
- Oftedal, M. (1956), The Gaelic of Leurbost, Oslo: Norsk Tidskrift for Sprogvidenskap
- Verhoeven, Jo (2005), "Belgian Standard Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 35 (2), Cambridge University Press: 243–247, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002173
- Wheeler, Max W (2005), The Phonology Of Catalan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-925814-7
