1-Pentanol
Names | |
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IUPAC name
Pentan-1-ol[1]
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Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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1730975 | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.684 |
EC Number |
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25922 | |
KEGG | |
MeSH | n-Pentanol |
PubChem CID
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |
UN number | 1105 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C5H12O | |
Molar mass | 88.150 g·mol−1 |
Density | 0.811 g cm−3 |
Melting point | −78 °C; −109 °F; 195 K |
Boiling point | 137 to 139 °C; 278 to 282 °F; 410 to 412 K |
22 g L−1 | |
log P | 1.348 |
Vapor pressure | 200 Pa (at 20 °C) |
-67.7·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD)
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1.409 |
Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C)
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207.45 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
258.9 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−351.90–−351.34 kJ mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
−3331.19–−3330.63 kJ mol−1 |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
Warning | |
H226, H315, H332, H335 | |
P261 | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | 49 °C (120 °F; 322 K) |
300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) | |
Related compounds | |
Related compounds
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Hexane |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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1-Pentanol, (or n-pentanol, pentan-1-ol), is an alcohol with five carbon atoms and the molecular formula C5H11OH.[2] 1-Pentanol is a colorless liquid with a distinctive aroma. It is the straight-chain form of amyl alcohol, one of 8 isomers with that formula.
The hydroxyl group (OH) is the active site of many reactions. The ester formed from 1-pentanol and butyric acid is pentyl butyrate, which smells like apricot. The ester formed from 1-pentanol and acetic acid is amyl acetate (also called pentyl acetate), which smells like banana.
In 2014, a study was conducted comparing the performance of diesel fuel blends with various proportions of pentanol as an additive. While gaseous emissions increased with higher concentrations of pentanol, particulate emissions decreased.[3]
Pentanol can be used as a solvent for coating CDs and DVDs.[citation needed]
Pentanol can be prepared by fractional distillation of fusel oil. To reduce the use of fossil fuels, research is underway to develop cost-effective methods of producing (chemically identical) bio-pentanol with fermentation.[citation needed]
References
- ^ "n-pentanol - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 March 2005. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
- ^ CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 65Th Ed.
- ^ Wei, Liangjie & Cheung, C.s & Huang, Zuohua. (2014). Effect of n-pentanol addition on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a direct-injection diesel engine. Energy. 70. 10.1016/j.energy.2014.03.106.