Cathine
This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Fantesykikachu (talk | contribs) at 04:12, 18 September 2016. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.
Clinical data | |
---|---|
Routes of administration | Oral |
ATC code | |
Legal status | |
Legal status |
|
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Elimination half-life | 1.8-8.6 h[1] |
Identifiers | |
| |
CAS Number |
|
PubChem CID | |
DrugBank |
|
ChemSpider |
|
UNII | |
ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.007.050 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C9H13NO |
Molar mass | 151.206 g/mol g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| |
| |
NY (what is this?) (verify) |
Cathine, also known as d-norpseudoephedrine and (+)-norpseudoephedrine, is a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes which acts as a stimulant. Along with cathinone, it is found naturally in Catha edulis (khat), and contributes to its overall effects.[2] It has approximately 10-14% the potency of amphetamine.[2]
Pharmacology
Like amphetamines, cathinone, and ephedrine, cathine acts as a norepinephrine releasing agent (NRA).[2] It also acts as a dopamine releasing agent (DRA) to a lesser extent.[2]
Chemistry
Cathine is one of the enantiomers of phenylpropanolamine (PPA).
Regulation
The World Anti-Doping Agency's list of prohibited substances (used for the Olympic Games among other athletic events) bars cathine in concentrations of over 5 micrograms per milliliter in urine. Cathine is a Schedule III drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.[3] In the United States, it is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance.
In Australia, Cathine is officially a schedule 4 drug but is not yet available or approved for any use.
In Hong Kong, cathine is regulated under Schedule 1 of Hong Kong's Chapter 134 Dangerous Drugs Ordinance. Unlawful possession is punishable by severe fines and imprisonment.
See also
- L-Norpseudoephedrine, an enantiomer
- Phenylpropanolamine
- Catha edulis ("Khat")
- Cathinone
- Methcathinone
- Ephedra sinica ("Ephedra")
- Ephedrine
- Pseudoephedrine
- Phenethylamine
- Amphetamine
- Methamphetamine
References
- ^ Toennes SW, Harder S, Schramm M, Niess C, Kauert GF (2003). "Pharmacokinetics of cathinone, cathine and norephedrine after the chewing of khat leaves". Br J Clin Pharmacol. 56 (1): 125–130. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01834.x. PMC 1884326. PMID 12848785.
- ^ a b c d Hoffman, R; Al'Absi, M (December 2010). "Khat use and neurobehavioral functions: suggestions for future studies" (PDF). Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 132 (3): 554–63. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.033. PMC 2976806. PMID 20553832.
- ^ "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-31.
Decongestants and other nasal preparations (R01) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Topical |
| ||||||||||
Systemic use: Sympathomimetics | |||||||||||
|
α1 |
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
α2 |
| ||||
β |
| ||||
Phenethylamines |
|
---|---|
Amphetamines |
|
Phentermines |
|
Cathinones |
|
Phenylisobutylamines | |
Phenylalkylpyrrolidines | |
Catecholamines (and close relatives) |
|
Miscellaneous |
|