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Voiced labiodental approximant

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Voiced labiodental approximant
ʋ
IPA number150
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ʋ
Unicode (hex)U+028B
X-SAMPAP or v\
Braille⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)

The labiodental approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is similar to an English w pronounced with the teeth and lips held in the position used to articulate the letter V. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʋ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is P or v\.

Features

Features of the labiodental approximant:

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Armenian Eastern[1] ոսկի [ʋɔski] 'gold'
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic [hawa] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ha:ʋa] 'wind' Predominant in the Urmia dialects. For some speakers, [v] is used. Corresponds to [w] in the other varieties.
Catalan Balearic [treballava] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [t̪ɾəbəˈl̠ʲæ̞ʋə] 'worked' Allophone of /v/.[2] See Catalan phonology
Valencian[2] [t̪ɾe̠bɐ̞ˈl̠ʲæ̞̈ʋɐ̞]
Danish Standard[3] [[[Danish orthography|véd]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ʋe̝ːˀð̠˕ˠ] 'know(s)' Also described as a short plosive [b̪̆]; rarely realized as a fricative [v] instead.[4] See Danish phonology
Dutch Netherlandic [[[Dutch orthography|wang]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ʋɑŋ] 'cheek' In southern dialects of the Netherlands realised as bilabial [β̞]. See Dutch phonology
English [[[English orthography|red]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ʋe̞d̥] 'red' Mostly idiosyncratic but somewhat dialectal[5] (especially in London and South East England). See English phonology and R-labialization
Faroese[6] [røða] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ˈɹøːʋa] 'speech' Word-initial and intervocalic allophone of /v/. In the first case, it is in a free variation with a fricative [v].[6] See Faroese phonology
Finnish [[[Finnish alphabet|vauva ]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ˈʋɑuʋːɑ] 'baby' See Finnish phonology
German Standard [[[German orthography|was]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ʋas] 'what' Some speakers, especially in the South. See German phonology
Swiss Corresponds to /v/ in Standard German[7]
Guaraní [avañe'ẽ] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ʔãʋ̃ãɲẽˈʔẽ] 'Guaraní language' Contrasts with /w/ and /ɰ/
Hawaiian [[[Hawaiian alphabet|wikiwiki]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ʋikiʋiki] 'fast' May also be realized as [w] or [v]. See Hawaiian phonology
Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳ] 'Varuna' See Hindustani phonology
Italian Northern dialects[8] [[[Italian orthography|raro]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ˈʋäːʋo] 'rare' Some speakers, especially in Parma. May also be uvular, either a fricative [ʁ] or a trill [ʀ].[8]
Marathi वजन [ʋə(d)zən] 'weight' See Marathi phonology
Miyako[9] [ʋ̩tɑ] 'thick' May be syllabic.
Norwegian Standard Eastern[10][11] [[[Norwegian alphabet|venn]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ʋɛ̝nː] 'friend' Sometimes realized as a fricative [v].[11][12] See Norwegian phonology
Nsenga [ŵanthu] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ʋaⁿtʰu] 'people'
Portuguese Some speakers[13] [[[Portuguese orthography|louvo]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ˈloːʋu] 'I praise' Very rare intervocalic allophone of /v/ in unstressed syllables. See Portuguese phonology
Punjabi ਵਾਲ [ʋäːl] 'hair'
Serbo-Croatian [[[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|цврчак]] / cvrčak] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [t͡sʋř̩ːt͡ʃak] 'cricket' May also be realized as [v], depending on dialect. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Slovene[14] [veter] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ˈʋéːtər] 'wind' Also described as fricative [v].[15][16] See Slovene phonology
Swedish [[[Swedish alphabet|vän]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ʋɛn] 'friend' Some speakers. See Swedish phonology
Tamil வாய் [ʋɑj] 'mouth' See Tamil phonology
West Frisian [[[West Frisian language|wêr]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ʋɛːr] 'where'

See also

References

  1. ^ Dum-Tragut (2009:20)
  2. ^ a b Saborit Villar (2009:52)
  3. ^ Basbøll (2005:62)
  4. ^ Basbøll (2005:27 and 66)
  5. ^ Foulkes & Docherty (1999:?)
  6. ^ a b Árnason (2011:115)
  7. ^ Schmid, Stephan (2010), Segmental features of Swiss German ethnolects, retrieved 2015-04-27
  8. ^ a b Canepari (1999), pp. 98–101.
  9. ^ Thomas Pellard, Why it is important to study the Ryukyuan languages (presentation)
  10. ^ Kristoffersen (2000:22 and 25)
  11. ^ a b Vanvik (1979:41)
  12. ^ Kristoffersen (2000:74)
  13. ^ Principais Fenómenos de Variação Registados nas Transcrições das Amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP Template:Pt icon
  14. ^ Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:136)
  15. ^ Priestley (2002:394)
  16. ^ Greenberg (2006:18)

Bibliography

  • Árnason, Kristján (2011). The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199229317. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, ISBN 0-203-97876-5
  • Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
  • Foulkes, Paul; Docherty, Gerard J., eds. (1999), Urban Voices, Arnold
  • Greenberg, Mark L. (2006), A Short Reference Grammar of Standard Slovene, Kansas: University of Kansas
  • Kristoffersen, Gjert (2000), The Phonology of Norwegian, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-823765-5
  • Priestley, T.M.S. (2002), "Slovene", in Comrie, Bernard; Corbett, Greville. G. (eds.), The Slavonic Languages, London: Routledge, pp. 388–451, ISBN 0-415-28078-8 {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  • Saborit Villar, Josep (2009), Millorem la pronúncia, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua
  • Šuštaršič, Rastislav; Komar, Smiljana; Petek, Bojan (1999), "Slovene", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 135–139, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, ISBN 0-521-65236-7
  • Vanvik, Arne (1979), Norsk fonetikk, Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, ISBN 82-990584-0-6
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