Nasal labialized velar approximant
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| Nasal labio-velar approximant | |
|---|---|
| w̃ |
The nasal labio-velar approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some oral languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨w̃⟩, that is, a w with a tilde. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is w~.
The nasal approximants [ȷ̃] and [w̃] may also be called nasal glides. In some languages like Portuguese, they form a second element of nasal diphthongs.
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Features [edit]
Features of the nasal labio-velar approximant:
- Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but not enough to produce a turbulent airstream.
- Its place of articulation is labialized velar, which means it is articulated with the back part of the tongue raised toward the soft palate (the velum) while rounding the lips.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is a nasal consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence [edit]
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polish | są | [sɔw̃] | 'they are' | See Polish phonology | |
| Portuguese | Most dialects[1] | são | [sɐ̃w̃] | 'they are' | Non-syllabic allophone of /u/ after nasal vowels, or between nasal occlusives and nasal vowels. Brazilian dialects that have [ʊ] prefer [ʊ̯̃] when in coda position. See Portuguese phonology |
| Some dialects | muamba | [ˈmw̃ɐ̃bɐ] | 'smuggling', 'jobbery', 'stash' | ||
| Seri | cmiique | [ˈkw̃ĩːkːɛ] | 'person' | Alophone of /m/ | |
| Uruguayan Portuñol | mão | [maw̃] | 'hand' | Non-syllabic allophone of /u/ | |
See also [edit]
- Palatal nasal
- Nasal palatal approximant
- Labiodental nasal, which may be an approximant in the one language in which it is phonemic
- Voiceless nasal glottal approximant
References [edit]
- ^ Barbosa & Albano (2004:230)
Bibliography [edit]
- Barbosa, Plínio A.; Albano, Eleonora C. (2004), "Brazilian Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (2): 227–232, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001756
