36th United States Congress

36th United States Congress
35th ← → 37th
United States Capitol (1860)
March 4, 1859 – March 4, 1861
Members	66 senators 238 representatives 5 non-voting delegates
Senate majority	Democratic Party Republican Party
Senate President	John C. Breckinridge (D)
House majority	Republican-led coalition
House Speaker	William Pennington (R)
Sessions
Special: March 4, 1859 – March 10, 1859 1st: December 5, 1859 – June 26, 1860 Special: June 26, 1860 – June 28, 1860 2nd: December 3, 1860 – March 4, 1861

The Thirty-sixth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1859, to March 4, 1861, during the third and fourth years of James Buchanan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Seventh Census of the United States in 1850. The Senate had a Democratic majority, and the House had a Republican plurality.

Major events

Main articles: 1859 in the United States, 1860 in the United States, and 1861 in the United States

See also: Secession in the United States

• June 8, 1859: Comstock Lode discovered in the western Utah Territory (present-day Nevada)
• August 27, 1859: First oil well was drilled in the United States, near Titusville, Pennsylvania
• October 16–18, 1859: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry began
• December 2, 1859 John Brown executed.
• April 3, 1860: Pony Express began its first run
• April 23 – May 3, 1860: Democratic National Convention held in Charleston, South Carolina. Unable to agree on a nominee, the delegates voted to reconvene in June.
• May 9, 1860: Constitutional Union Party National Convention held in Baltimore, Maryland, nominating John Bell for President.
• May 18, 1860: Republican National Convention held in Chicago, Illinois, nominating Abraham Lincoln for President.
• June 18–23, 1860: Democratic Party reconvened in Baltimore, Maryland, nominating Stephen A. Douglas for President.
• June 26–28, 1860: Southern Democrats held a convention in Richmond, Virginia, nominating John C. Breckinridge for President.
• November 6, 1860: U.S. presidential election: Abraham Lincoln beat John C. Breckinridge, Stephen A. Douglas, and John Bell.
• December 20, 1860: South Carolina Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession
• January 3, 1861: Delaware Secession Convention voted not to secede from the Union
• January 9, 1861: Mississippi Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession
• January 10, 1861: Florida Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession
• January 11, 1861: Alabama Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession
• January 18, 1861: Georgia Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession
• January 26, 1861: Louisiana Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession
• January 29, 1861. Kansas admitted to the Union as a free state.
• February 1, 1861: Texas Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession
• February 23, 1861: The people of Texas ratified its Ordinance of Secession President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrived secretly in Washington, D.C. after an assassination attempt in Baltimore, Maryland.

Major legislation

Main article: Major legislation: 36th United States Congress

• June 16, 1860: Pacific Telegraph Act of 1860, ch. 147, 12 Stat. 41
• March 2, 1861: Morrill Tariff, ch. 68, 12 Stat. 178
• December 18, 1860 (introduced): Crittenden Compromise, rejected by the House of Representatives and the Senate

Constitutional amendments

• March 2, 1861: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution that would shield "domestic institutions" of the states (which in 1861 included slavery) from the constitutional amendment process and from abolition or interference by Congress, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification 12 Stat. 251
  • This amendment, commonly known as the Corwin Amendment, has not been ratified and is still pending before the states.

Treaties

• March 8, 1859: Quinault Treaty ratified, 12 Stat. 927
• March 8, 1859: Point No Point Treaty ratified, 12 Stat. 933

States admitted and territories organized

• January 29, 1861: Kansas admitted as a state, ch. 20, 12 Stat. 126
• February 28, 1861: Colorado Territory organized, ch. 59, 12 Stat. 172
• March 2, 1861: Nevada Territory organized, ch. 83, 12 Stat. 209
• March 2, 1861: Dakota Territory organized, ch. 86, 12 Stat. 239

Party summary

Senate membership Begin (March 4, 1859) End (March 3, 1861)

House membership Begin (March 4, 1859) End (March 3, 1861)

Senate

	Party (shading shows control)				Total	Vacant
	Know Nothing (A)	Democratic (D)	Republican (R)	Other
End of previous congress	19	25	22	0	66	0
Begin	2	38	25	0	65	1
End		25	26		53	15
Final voting share	3.8%	47.2%	49.1%	0.0%
Beginning of next congress	0	22	29	1	52	16

House of Representatives

	Party (shading shows control)							Total	Vacant
	Know Nothing (A)	Democratic (D)	Anti- Lecompton Democratic (ALD)	Independent Democratic (ID)	Opposition (O)	Republican (R)	Other
End of previous congress	14	130	0	1	0	92	0	237	0
Begin	5	83	8	7	19	113	0	235	2
End		59	7		17	115		210	28
Final voting share	2.4%	28.1%	3.3%	3.3%	8.1%	54.8%	0.0%
Beginning of next congress	0	44	0	1	0	108	25	178	62

Leadership

President of the Senate
John C. Breckinridge

Senate

• President: John C. Breckinridge (D)
• President pro tempore: Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D), until February 26, 1860
  • Jesse D. Bright (D), June 12–13, 1860
  • Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D), June 26, 1860 – December 2, 1860
  • Solomon Foot (R), elected February 16, 1861

House of Representatives

• Speaker: William Pennington (R), elected February 1, 1860
• Democratic Caucus Chairman: George S. Houston

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1862; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1864; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1860.

Alabama

• 2. Clement C. Clay, Jr. (D), until January 21, 1861
• 3. Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D), until January 21, 1861

Arkansas

• 2. William K. Sebastian (D)
• 3. Robert W. Johnson (D)

California

• 1. David C. Broderick (D), until September 16, 1859
  • Henry P. Haun (D), November 3, 1859 – March 4, 1860
  • Milton Latham (D), from March 5, 1860
• 3. William M. Gwin (D)

Connecticut

• 1. James Dixon (R)
• 3. Lafayette S. Foster (R)

Delaware

• 1. James A. Bayard, Jr. (D)
• 2. Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (D)

Florida

• 1. Stephen Mallory (D), until January 21, 1861
• 3. David Levy Yulee (D), until January 21, 1861

Georgia

• 2. Robert Toombs (D), until February 4, 1861
• 3. Alfred Iverson, Sr. (D), until January 28, 1861

Illinois

• 2. Stephen A. Douglas (D)
• 3. Lyman Trumbull (R)

Indiana

• 1. Jesse D. Bright (D)
• 3. Graham N. Fitch (D)

Iowa

• 2. James W. Grimes (R)
• 3. James Harlan (R)

Kansas

• 2. Vacant from January 29, 1861 (newly admitted state)
• 3. Vacant from January 29, 1861 (newly admitted state)

Kentucky

• 2. Lazarus W. Powell (D)
• 3. John J. Crittenden (A)

Louisiana

• 2. Judah P. Benjamin (D), until February 4, 1861
• 3. John Slidell (D), until February 4, 1861

Maine

• 1. Hannibal Hamlin (R), until January 17, 1861
  • Lot M. Morrill (R), from January 17, 1861
• 2. William Pitt Fessenden (R)

Maryland

• 1. Anthony Kennedy (A)
• 3. James Pearce (D)

Massachusetts

• 1. Charles Sumner (R)
• 2. Henry Wilson (R)

Michigan

• 1. Zachariah Chandler (R)
• 2. Kinsley S. Bingham (R)

Minnesota

• 1. Henry M. Rice (D)
• 2. Morton S. Wilkinson (R)

Mississippi

• 1. Jefferson Davis (D), until January 21, 1861
• 2. Albert G. Brown (D), until January 12, 1861

Missouri

• 1. Trusten Polk (D)
• 3. James S. Green (D)

New Hampshire

• 2. John P. Hale (R)
• 3. Daniel Clark (R)

New Jersey

• 1. John R. Thomson (D)
• 2. John C. Ten Eyck (R)

New York

• 1. Preston King (R)
• 3. William H. Seward (R)

North Carolina

• 2. Thomas Bragg (D)
• 3. Thomas L. Clingman (D)

Ohio

• 1. Benjamin Wade (R)
• 3. George E. Pugh (D)

Oregon

• 2. Edward D. Baker (R), from October 2, 1860
• 3. Joseph Lane (D)

Pennsylvania

• 1. Simon Cameron (R)
• 3. William Bigler (D)

Rhode Island

• 1. James F. Simmons (R)
• 2. Henry B. Anthony (R)

South Carolina

• 2. James Chesnut, Jr. (D), until November 10, 1860
• 3. James H. Hammond (D), until November 11, 1860

Tennessee

• 1. Andrew Johnson (D)
• 2. Alfred O. P. Nicholson (D), until March 3, 1861

Texas

• 1. Matthias Ward (D), until December 5, 1859
  • Louis Wigfall (D), from December 5, 1859
• 2. John Hemphill (D)

Vermont

• 1. Solomon Foot (R)
• 3. Jacob Collamer (R)

Virginia

• 1. James M. Mason (D)
• 2. Robert M. T. Hunter (D)

Wisconsin

• 1. James R. Doolittle (R)
• 3. Charles Durkee (R)

President pro tempore
Benjamin Fitzpatrick,
until February 26, 1860
June 26, 1860 – December 2, 1860

President pro tempore
Jesse D. Bright,
June 12, 1860 – June 13, 1860

President pro tempore
Solomon Foot,
from February 16, 1861

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama

• 1. James A. Stallworth (D), until January 21, 1861
• 2. James L. Pugh (D), until January 21, 1861
• 3. David Clopton (D), until January 21, 1861
• 4. Sydenham Moore (D), until January 21, 1861
• 5. George S. Houston (D), until January 21, 1861
• 6. Williamson R. W. Cobb (D), until January 30, 1861
• 7. Jabez L. M. Curry (D), until January 21, 1861

Arkansas

• 1. Thomas C. Hindman (D)
• 2. Albert Rust (D)

California

• At-large. John C. Burch (D)
• At-large. Charles L. Scott (D)

Connecticut

• 1. Dwight Loomis (R)
• 2. John Woodruff (R)
• 3. Alfred A. Burnham (R)
• 4. Orris S. Ferry (R)

Delaware

• At-large. William G. Whiteley (D)

Florida

• At-large. George S. Hawkins (D), until January 21, 1861

Georgia

• 1. Peter E. Love (D), until January 23, 1861
• 2. Martin J. Crawford (D), until January 23, 1861
• 3. Thomas Hardeman, Jr. (O), until January 23, 1861
• 4. Lucius J. Gartrell (D), until January 23, 1861
• 5. John W. H. Underwood (D), until January 23, 1861
• 6. James Jackson (D), until January 23, 1861
• 7. Joshua Hill (O), until January 23, 1861
• 8. John J. Jones (D), until January 23, 1861

Illinois

• 1. Elihu B. Washburne (R)
• 2. John F. Farnsworth (R)
• 3. Owen Lovejoy (R)
• 4. William Kellogg (R)
• 5. Isaac N. Morris (D)
• 6. John A. McClernand (D), from November 8, 1859
• 7. James C. Robinson (D)
• 8. Philip B. Fouke (D)
• 9. John A. Logan (D)

Indiana

• 1. William E. Niblack (D)
• 2. William H. English (D)
• 3. William McKee Dunn (R)
• 4. William S. Holman (D)
• 5. David Kilgore (R)
• 6. Albert G. Porter (R)
• 7. John G. Davis (ALD)
• 8. James Wilson (R)
• 9. Schuyler Colfax (R)
• 10. Charles Case (R)
• 11. John U. Pettit (R)

Iowa

• 1. Samuel Curtis (R)
• 2. William Vandever (R)

Kansas

• At-large. Martin F. Conway (R), from January 29, 1861 (newly admitted state)

Kentucky

• 1. Henry C. Burnett (D)
• 2. Samuel O. Peyton (D)
• 3. Francis Bristow (O)
• 4. William C. Anderson (O)
• 5. John Y. Brown (D), from December 3, 1860
• 6. Green Adams (O)
• 7. Robert Mallory (O)
• 8. William E. Simms (D)
• 9. Laban T. Moore (O)
• 10. John W. Stevenson (D)

Louisiana

• 1. John E. Bouligny (A)
• 2. Miles Taylor (D), until February 5, 1861
• 3. Thomas G. Davidson (D)
• 4. John M. Landrum (D)

Maine

• 1. Daniel E. Somes (R)
• 2. John J. Perry (R)
• 3. Ezra B. French (R)
• 4. Freeman H. Morse (R)
• 5. Israel Washburn, Jr. (R), until January 1, 1861
  • Stephen Coburn (R), from January 2, 1861
• 6. Stephen C. Foster (R)

Maryland

• 1. James A. Stewart (D)
• 2. Edwin H. Webster (A)
• 3. J. Morrison Harris (A)
• 4. Henry Winter Davis (A)
• 5. Jacob M. Kunkel (D)
• 6. George W. Hughes (D)

Massachusetts

• 1. Thomas D. Eliot (R)
• 2. James Buffington (R)
• 3. Charles F. Adams, Sr. (R)
• 4. Alexander H. Rice (R)
• 5. Anson Burlingame (R)
• 6. John B. Alley (R)
• 7. Daniel W. Gooch (R)
• 8. Charles R. Train (R)
• 9. Eli Thayer (R)
• 10. Charles Delano (R)
• 11. Henry L. Dawes (R)

Michigan

• 1. George B. Cooper (D), until May 15, 1860
  • William A. Howard (R), from May 15, 1860
• 2. Henry Waldron (R)
• 3. Francis W. Kellogg (R)
• 4. Dewitt C. Leach (R)

Minnesota

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
(2 Republicans)

• At-large. Cyrus Aldrich (R)
• At-large. William Windom (R)

Mississippi

• 1. Lucius Q. C. Lamar (D), until December ????, 1860
• 2. Reuben Davis (D), until January 12, 1861
• 3. William Barksdale (D), until January 12, 1861
• 4. Otho R. Singleton (D), until January 12, 1861
• 5. John J. McRae (D), until January 12, 1861

Missouri

• 1. John R. Barret (D), until June 8, 1860
  • Francis P. Blair, Jr. (R), June 8, 1860 – June 25, 1860
  • John R. Barret (D), from December 3, 1860
• 2. Thomas L. Anderson (ID)
• 3. John B. Clark (D)
• 4. James Craig (D)
• 5. Samuel H. Woodson (A)
• 6. John S. Phelps (D)
• 7. John W. Noell (D)

New Hampshire

• 1. Gilman Marston (R)
• 2. Mason Tappan (R)
• 3. Thomas M. Edwards (R)

New Jersey

• 1. John T. Nixon (R)
• 2. John L. N. Stratton (R)
• 3. Garnett Adrain (ALD)
• 4. Jetur R. Riggs (ALD)
• 5. William Pennington (R)

New York

• 1. Luther C. Carter (R)
• 2. James Humphrey (R)
• 3. Daniel Sickles (D)
• 4. Thomas J. Barr (ID)
• 5. William B. Maclay (D)
• 6. John Cochrane (D)
• 7. George Briggs (R)
• 8. Horace F. Clark (ALD)
• 9. John B. Haskin (ALD)
• 10. Charles Van Wyck (R)
• 11. William S. Kenyon (R)
• 12. Charles L. Beale (R)
• 13. Abram B. Olin (R)
• 14. John H. Reynolds (ALD)
• 15. James B. McKean (R)
• 16. George W. Palmer (R)
• 17. Francis E. Spinner (R)
• 18. Clark B. Cochrane (R)
• 19. James H. Graham (R)
• 20. Roscoe Conkling (R)
• 21. R. Holland Duell (R)
• 22. M. Lindley Lee (R)
• 23. Charles B. Hoard (R)
• 24. Charles B. Sedgwick (R)
• 25. Martin Butterfield (R)
• 26. Emory B. Pottle (R)
• 27. Alfred Wells (R)
• 28. William Irvine (R)
• 29. Alfred Ely (R)
• 30. Augustus Frank (R)
• 31. Silas M. Burroughs (R), until June 3, 1860
  • Edwin R. Reynolds (R), from December 5, 1860
• 32. Elbridge G. Spaulding (R)
• 33. Reuben Fenton (R)

North Carolina

• 1. William N. H. Smith (O)
• 2. Thomas Ruffin (D)
• 3. Warren Winslow (D)
• 4. Lawrence O'Bryan Branch (D)
• 5. John Gilmer (O)
• 6. James Leach (O)
• 7. F. Burton Craige (D)
• 8. Zebulon Vance (O)

Ohio

• 1. George H. Pendleton (D)
• 2. John A. Gurley (R)
• 3. Clement Vallandigham (D)
• 4. William Allen (D)
• 5. James Ashley (R)
• 6. William Howard (D)
• 7. Thomas Corwin (R)
• 8. Benjamin Stanton (R)
• 9. John Carey (R)
• 10. Carey A. Trimble (R)
• 11. Charles D. Martin (D)
• 12. Samuel S. Cox (D)
• 13. John Sherman (R)
• 14. Cyrus Spink (R), until May 31, 1859
  • Harrison G. O. Blake (R), from October 11, 1859
• 15. William Helmick (R)
• 16. Cydnor B. Tompkins (R)
• 17. Thomas C. Theaker (R)
• 18. Sidney Edgerton (R)
• 19. Edward Wade (R)
• 20. John Hutchins (R)
• 21. John Bingham (R)

Oregon

• At-large. Lansing Stout (D)

Pennsylvania

• 1. Thomas B. Florence (D)
• 2. Edward Joy Morris (R)
• 3. John P. Verree (R)
• 4. William Millward (R)
• 5. John Wood (R)
• 6. John Hickman (ALD)
• 7. Henry C. Longnecker (R)
• 8. John Schwartz (ALD), until June 20, 1860
  • Jacob K. McKenty (D), from December 3, 1860
• 9. Thaddeus Stevens (R)
• 10. John W. Killinger (R)
• 11. James H. Campbell (R)
• 12. George W. Scranton (R)
• 13. William H. Dimmick (D)
• 14. Galusha A. Grow (R)
• 15. James T. Hale (R)
• 16. Benjamin F. Junkin (R)
• 17. Edward McPherson (R)
• 18. Samuel S. Blair (R)
• 19. John Covode (R)
• 20. William Montgomery (D)
• 21. James K. Moorhead (R)
• 22. Robert McKnight (R)
• 23. William Stewart (R)
• 24. Chapin Hall (R)
• 25. Elijah Babbitt (R)

Rhode Island

• 1. Christopher Robinson (R)
• 2. William D. Brayton (R)

South Carolina

• 1. John McQueen (D), until December 21, 1860
• 2. William P. Miles (D), until December 21, 1860
• 3. Laurence M. Keitt (D), until December 1860
• 4. Milledge L. Bonham (D), until December 21, 1860
• 5. John D. Ashmore (D), until December 21, 1860
• 6. William W. Boyce (D), until December 21, 1860

Tennessee

• 1. Thomas A. R. Nelson (O)
• 2. Horace Maynard (O)
• 3. Reese B. Brabson (O)
• 4. William B. Stokes (O)
• 5. Robert H. Hatton (O)
• 6. James H. Thomas (D)
• 7. John V. Wright (D)
• 8. James M. Quarles (O)
• 9. Emerson Etheridge (O)
• 10. William T. Avery (D)

Texas

• 1. John H. Reagan (D)
• 2. Andrew J. Hamilton (ID)

Vermont

• 1. Eliakim P. Walton (R)
• 2. Justin S. Morrill (R)
• 3. Homer E. Royce (R)

Virginia

• 1. Muscoe R. H. Garnett (D)
• 2. John S. Millson (D)
• 3. Daniel C. De Jarnette (ID)
• 4. William Goode (D), until July 3, 1859
  • Roger A. Pryor (D), from December 7, 1859
• 5. Thomas S. Bocock (D)
• 6. Shelton Leake (ID)
• 7. William Smith (D)
• 8. Alexander Boteler (O)
• 9. John T. Harris (ID)
• 10. Sherrard Clemens (D)
• 11. Albert G. Jenkins (D)
• 12. Henry A. Edmundson (D)
• 13. Elbert S. Martin (ID)

Wisconsin

• 1. John F. Potter (R)
• 2. Cadwallader C. Washburn (R)
• 3. Charles H. Larrabee (D)

Non-voting members

• Kansas Territory. Marcus J. Parrott (R), until January 29, 1861
• Nebraska Territory. Experience Estabrook, until May 18, 1860
  • Samuel G. Daily (R), from May 18, 1860
• New Mexico Territory. Miguel A. Otero (D)
• Utah Territory. William H. Hooper (D)
• Washington Territory. Isaac Stevens (D)

House seats by party holding plurality in state
80+% to 100% Democratic	80+% to 100% Republican
60+% to 80% Democratic	60+% to 80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic	Up to 60% Republican

Speaker of the House
William Pennington

Group photo of the U.S. House of Representatives, in 1860, during this Congress.

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate

• Replacements: 4
  • Democrats (D): no net change
  • Republicans (R): no net change
• Deaths: 1
• Resignations: 1
• Interim appointments: 1
• Withdrawals: 13
• Total seats with changes: 16

|- | Oregon
(2) | Vacant | Successor elected late due to legislature's failure to elect. | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Edward D. Baker (R) | October 2, 1860

|- | California
(1) | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | David C. Broderick (D) | Died September 16, 1859
Interim successor was appointed to continue the term. | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Henry P. Haun (D) | November 3, 1859

|- | Texas
(1) | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Matthias Ward (D) | Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term
Successor elected December 5, 1859. | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Louis Wigfall (D) | December 5, 1859

|- | California
(1) | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Henry P. Haun (D) | Interim appointee lost election to finish the term
Successor elected March 5, 1860. | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Milton Latham (D) | March 5, 1860

|- | South Carolina
(2) | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | James Chesnut, Jr. (D) | Withdrew November 10, 1860. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress

|- | South Carolina
(3) | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | James H. Hammond (D) | Withdrew November 11, 1860. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress

|- | Mississippi
(2) | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Albert G. Brown (D) | Withdrew January 12, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress

|- | Maine
(1) | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Hannibal Hamlin (R) | Resigned January 17, 1861, to become Vice President of the United States.
Successor elected January 17, 1861. | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Lot M. Morrill (R) | January 17, 1861

|- | Alabama
(3) | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D) | Withdrew January 21, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress

|- | Alabama
(2) | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Clement C. Clay (D) | Withdrew January 21, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress

|- | Florida
(1) | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Stephen Mallory (D) | Withdrew January 21, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress

|- | Florida
(3) | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | David L. Yulee (D) | Withdrew January 21, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress

|- | Mississippi
(1) | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Jefferson Davis (D) | Withdrew January 21, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress

|- | Georgia
(3) | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Alfred Iverson, Sr. (D) | Withdrew January 28, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress

|- | Kansas
(2) | New seat | New state admitted to the Union January 29, 1861
Senator was not elected until the next Congress. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress

|- | Kansas
(3) | New seat | New state admitted to the Union January 29, 1861
Senator was not elected until the next Congress. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress

|- | Georgia
(2) | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Robert Toombs (D) | Withdrew February 4, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress

|- | Louisiana
(2) | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Judah P. Benjamin (D) | Withdrew February 4, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress

|- | Louisiana
(3) | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | John Slidell (D) | Withdrew February 4, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress

|- | Tennessee
(2) | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Alfred O. P. Nicholson (D) | Withdrew March 3, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |}

House of Representatives

• Replacements: 7
  • Democrats (D): no net change
  • Republicans (R): 1 seat net loss
  • Anti-Lecompton Democrats (LD): 1 seat net gain
• Deaths: 4
• Resignations: 3
• Contested election: 1
• Withdrawals: 28
• Total seats with changes: 41

Main article: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

|- | Illinois 6th | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Vacancy in term | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | John A. McClernand (D) | Seated November 8, 1859 |- | Kentucky 5th | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Brown could not take seat because he had not yet attained age required by the US Constitution | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | John Y. Brown (D) | Seated December 3, 1860 |- | Ohio 14th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Cyrus Spink (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died May 31, 1859 | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Harrison G. O. Blake (R) | Seated October 11, 1859 |- | Virginia 4th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | William Goode (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died July 3, 1859 | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Roger A. Pryor (D) | Seated December 7, 1859 |- | Michigan 1st | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | George B. Cooper (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election May 15, 1860 | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Francis P. Blair, Jr. (R) | Seated May 15, 1860 |- | Nebraska Territory At-large | Experience Estabrook | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election May 18, 1860 | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Samuel G. Daily (R) | Seated May 18, 1860 |- | New York 31st | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Silas M. Burroughs (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died June 3, 1860 | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Edwin R. Reynolds (R) | Seated December 5, 1860 |- | Missouri 1st | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | John R. Barret (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election June 8, 1860 | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | William A. Howard (R) | Seated June 8, 1860 |- | Pennsylvania 8th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | John Schwartz (ALD) | style="font-size:80%" | Died June 20, 1860 | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Jacob K. McKenty (D) | Seated December 3, 1860 |- | Missouri 1st | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | William A. Howard (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned June 25, 1860 | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | John R. Barret (D) | Seated December 3, 1860 |- | Mississippi 1st | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Lucius Q. C. Lamar II (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Retired December ???, 1860 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | South Carolina 3rd | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Laurence M. Keitt (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Retired December ???, 1860 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | South Carolina 1st | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | John McQueen (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Retired December 21, 1860 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | South Carolina 2nd | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | William P. Miles (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Retired December 21, 1860 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | South Carolina 4th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Milledge L. Bonham (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Retired December 21, 1860 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | South Carolina 5th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | John D. Ashmore (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Retired December 21, 1860 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | South Carolina 6th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | William W. Boyce (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Retired December 21, 1860 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Maine 5th | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Israel Washburn, Jr. (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 1, 1861, after being elected Governor of Maine | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Stephen Coburn (R) | Seated January 2, 1861 |- | Mississippi 2nd | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Reuben Davis (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Withdrew January 12, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Mississippi 3rd | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | William Barksdale (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Withdrew January 12, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Mississippi 4th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Otho R. Singleton (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Withdrew January 12, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Mississippi 5th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | John J. McRae (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Withdrew January 12, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Alabama 1st | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | James A. Stallworth (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Withdrew January 21, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Alabama 2nd | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | James L. Pugh (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Withdrew January 21, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Alabama 3rd | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | David Clopton (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Withdrew January 21, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Alabama 4th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Sydenham Moore (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Withdrew January 21, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Alabama 5th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | George S. Houston (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Withdrew January 21, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Alabama 7th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Jabez L. M. Curry (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Withdrew January 21, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Florida At-large | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | George S. Hawkins (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Withdrew January 21, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Georgia 1st | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Peter E. Love (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Retired January 23, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Georgia 2nd | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Martin J. Crawford (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Withdrew January 23, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Georgia 3rd | style="background:#FFE153" | Thomas Hardeman, Jr. (O) | style="font-size:80%" | Withdrew January 23, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Georgia 4th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Lucius J. Gartrell (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Retired January 23, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Georgia 5th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | John W. H. Underwood (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Withdrew January 23, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Georgia 6th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | James Jackson (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Retired January 23, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Georgia 7th | style="background:#FFE153" | Joshua Hill (O) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 23, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Georgia 8th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | John J. Jones (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Withdrew January 23, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Kansas Territory At-large | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Marcus J. Parrott (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Kansas was admitted to the Union January 29, 1861 | colspan=2 | Seat eliminated |- | Kansas At-large | New Seat | style="font-size:80%" | Kansas was admitted to the Union January 29, 1861 | style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Martin F. Conway (R) | Seated January 29, 1861 |- | Alabama 6th | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Williamson R. W. Cobb (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Withdrew January 30, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Louisiana 2nd | style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Miles Taylor (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Withdrew February 5, 1861 | Vacant | Not filled this term |}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

• Alter and Improve Senate Chamber (Select)
• Amendments to the Constitution (Select)
• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Andrew Johnson)
• Banks of the District of Columbia (Select)
• Circulation of Bank Notes in the District of Columbia (Select)
• Claims (Chairman: Alfred Iverson, Jr.)
• Commerce (Chairman: Clement Claiborne Clay)
• Comptroller William Medill (Select)
• Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: Albert G. Brown)
• Duties of Imports (Select)
• Finance (Chairman: Robert M. T. Hunter)
• Foreign Relations (Chairman: James M. Mason)
• French Spoilations (Select)
• Harpers Ferry Invasion (Select)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: William K. Sebastian)
• Judiciary (Chairman: James A. Bayard, Jr.)
• Memorial of Houmas Lands Settlers (Select)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: Jefferson Davis)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Stephen Mallory)
• Ordnance and War Ships (Select)
• Pacific Railroad (Select)
• Patents and the Patent Office (Chairman: William Bigler)
• Pensions (Chairman: N/A)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: N/A)
• Printing (Chairman: N/A)
• Public Printing Investigation (Select)
• Private Land Claims (Chairman: N/A)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Robert W. Johnson)
• Retrenchment (Chairman: N/A)
• Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: N/A)
• Tariff Regulation (Select)
• Territories (Chairman: N/A)
• Thirteen on the Disturbed Condition of the Country (Select)
• Whole

House of Representatives

• Accounts (Chairman: Francis E. Spinner)
• Agriculture (Chairman: Martin Butterfield)
• Claims (Chairman: John Hickman)
• Commerce (Chairman: Elihu B. Washburne)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: Luther C. Carter)
• Elections (Chairman: John A. Gilmer)
• Engraving (Chairman: Garnett B. Adrain)
• Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: N/A)
• Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Robert Hatton)
• Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: George W. Palmer)
• Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: James B. McKean)
• Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Dwight Loomis)
• Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: William Stewart)
• Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: William D. Brayton)
• Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Corwin)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: Emerson Etheridge)
• Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Reuben E. Fenton)
• Judiciary (Chairman: John Hickman)
• Manufactures (Chairman: Charles F. Adams)
• Mileage (Chairman: John D. Ashmore)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: Benjamin Stanton)
• Militia (Chairman: Cydnor B. Tompkins)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Freeman H. Morse)
• Patents (Chairman: William Millward)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Schuyler Colfax)
• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Cadwallader C. Washburn)
• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Charles R. Train)
• Public Expenditures (Chairman: John B. Haskin)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Eli Thayer)
• Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: John A. Logan)
• Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: George N. Briggs)
• Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: John F. Potter)
• Roads and Canals (Chairman: Robert Mallory)
• Rules (Select)
• Standards of Official Conduct
• Territories (Chairman: Galusha A. Grow)
• Ways and Means (Chairman: John Sherman)
• Whole

Joint committees

• Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Sen. Henry Haun then Sen. Willard Saulsbury, Sr.)
• The Library (Chairman: Rep. John U. Pettit)
• Printing (Chairman: Rep. John A. Gurley)
• Making Arrangements for Inaugurating Washington's Statue

Caucuses

• Democratic (House)
• Democratic (Senate)

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

• Architect of the Capitol: Thomas U. Walter
• Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan

Senate

• Chaplain: Stephen P. Hill (Baptist), until December 15, 1859
  • Phineas D. Gurley (Presbyterian), elected December 15, 1859
• Secretary: Asbury Dickins
• Sergeant at Arms: Dunning R. McNair

House of Representatives

• Clerk: James C. Allen, until February 3, 1860
  • John W. Forney, elected February 3, 1860
• Chaplain: None
• Doorkeeper: Robert B. Hackney, until February 6, 1860
  • George Marston, elected February 6, 1860
• Messenger: Thaddeus Morrice
• Postmaster: Josiah M. Lucas
• Reading Clerks: [data missing]
• Sergeant at Arms: Adam J. Glossbrenner, until February 3, 1860
  • Henry William Hoffman, from February 3, 1860

See also

• United States elections, 1858 (elections leading to this Congress)
  • United States Senate elections, 1858 and 1859
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1858 and 1859
• United States elections, 1860 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
  • 1860 United States presidential election
  • United States Senate elections, 1860 and 1861
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1860

References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Hart, Albert Bushnell; Channing, Edward, eds. (November 1893). "Ordinances of Secession and Other Documents. 1860-1861". Ordinances of Secession and Other Documents. 1860-1861. American History Leaflets Colonial and Constitutional. Vol. 12. New York: A. Lovell & Company. OCLC 7759360. Archived from the original on April 13, 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2017.

External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
• Congressional Directory for the 36th Congress, 2nd Session.