Dynasty

This article is about the general concept of a line of rulers. For other uses, see Dynasty (disambiguation).

See also: List of family trees

Not to be confused with Royal family.

Charles I of England and his son, the future James II

A dynasty (UK: /ˈdɪnəsti/, US: /ˈdaɪnəsti/) is a sequence of rulers from the same family, usually in the context of a feudal or monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in elective republics. The dynastic family or lineage may be known as a "noble house", which may be styled as "royal", "princely", "ducal", "comital", etc., depending upon the chief or present title borne by its members. Historians periodize the histories of many sovereign states, such as Ancient Egypt, the Carolingian Empire and Imperial China, using a framework of successive dynasties. As such, the term "dynasty" may be used to delimit the era during which the family reigned and to describe events, trends, and artifacts of that period ("a Ming-dynasty vase"). The word "dynasty" itself is often dropped from such adjectival references ("a Ming vase").

Until the 19th century, it was taken for granted that a legitimate function of a monarch was to aggrandize his dynasty: that is, to increase the territory, wealth, and power of his family members. The longest-surviving dynasty in the world is the Imperial House of Japan, the Yamato dynasty, whose reign is traditionally dated to 660 BC.

Prior to the 20th century, dynasties throughout the world have traditionally been reckoned patrilineally, such as under the Frankish Salic law. In nations where it was permitted, succession through a daughter usually established a new dynasty in her husband's ruling house. This has changed in some places in Europe, where succession law and convention have maintained dynasties de jure through a female. For example, the House of Windsor is maintained through the children of Queen Elizabeth II, similarly with the monarchy of the Netherlands, whose dynasty remained the House of Orange-Nassau through three successive queens regnant. The earliest such example among the major European monarchies was in Russia in the 18th century, where the name of the House of Romanov was maintained through a non-ruling female.

In South Africa's Limpopo Province, Balobedu determined descent matrilineally, while rulers have at other times adopted the name of their mother's dynasty when coming into her inheritance. Less frequently, a monarchy has alternated or been rotated, in a multidynastic (or polydynastic) system – that is, the most senior living members of parallel dynasties, at any point in time, constitute the line of succession.

The word "dynasty" is sometimes used informally for people who are not rulers but are, for example, members of a family with influence and power in other areas, such as a series of successive owners of a major company. It is also extended to unrelated people, such as major poets of the same school or various rosters of a single sports team.

Etymology

The word "dynasty" derives from Latin dynastia, which comes from Greek dynastéia (δυναστεία), where it referred to "power", "dominion", and "rule" itself. It was the abstract noun of dynástēs (δυνάστης), the agent noun of dynamis (δύναμις), "power" or "ability", from dýnamai (δύναμαι), "to be able".

Dynasts

A ruler in a dynasty is sometimes referred to as a "dynast", but this term is also used to describe any member of a reigning family who retains a right to succeed to a throne. For example, following his abdication, Edward VIII of the United Kingdom ceased to be a dynastic member of the House of Windsor.

A "dynastic marriage" is one that complies with monarchical house law restrictions, so that the descendants are eligible to inherit the throne or other royal privileges. The marriage of Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange, to Máxima Zorreguieta in 2002 was dynastic, for example, and their eldest child is expected to inherit the Dutch crown eventually. But the marriage of his younger brother Prince Friso to Mabel Wisse Smit in 2003 lacked government support and parliamentary approval. Thus Friso forfeited his place in the order of succession, lost his title as a Prince of the Netherlands, and left his children without dynastic rights.

In historical and monarchist references to formerly reigning families, a "dynast" is a family member who would have had succession rights, were the monarchy's rules still in force. For example, after the 1914 assassinations of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his morganatic wife Sophie von Hohenberg, their son Max was bypassed for the Austrian throne because he was not a Habsburg dynast. Even since abolition of the Austrian monarchy, Max and his descendants have not been considered the rightful pretenders by Austrian monarchists, nor have they claimed that position.

The term "dynast" is sometimes used only to refer to agnatic descendants of a realm's monarchs, and sometimes to include those who hold succession rights through cognatic royal descent. The term can therefore describe overlapping but distinct sets of people. For example, David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon, a nephew of Queen Elizabeth II through her sister, Princess Margaret, is in the line of succession to the British crown: in that sense he is a British dynast. Yet he is not a male-line member of the royal family, and is therefore not a dynast of the House of Windsor.

On the other hand, the German aristocrat Prince Ernst August of Hanover (born 1954), a male-line descendant of George III of the United Kingdom, possesses no legal British name, titles or styles (although he is entitled to re-claim the once-royal dukedom of Cumberland), was born in the line of succession to the British crown and was bound by Britain's Royal Marriages Act 1772 until it was repealed when the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 took effect on 26 March 2015. Thus, in 1999 he requested and obtained formal permission from Elizabeth II to marry the Roman Catholic Princess Caroline of Monaco. Yet a clause of the English Act of Settlement 1701 remained in effect at that time, stipulating that dynasts who marry Roman Catholics are considered "dead" for the purpose of succession to the throne. That exclusion, too, ceased to apply on 26 March 2015, with retroactive effect for those who had been dynasts prior to triggering it by marriage to a Catholic.

List of dynasties by region

Africa

Chad

• Duguwa dynasty (c. 700 – c. 1075)
• Sayfawa dynasty (c. 1075–1846)

Egypt

• Dynasty I (c. 3050–2890 BC)
• Dynasty II (2890–2686 BC)
• Dynasty III (2686–2613 BC)
• Dynasty IV (2613–2498 BC)
• Dynasty V (2498–2345 BC)
• Dynasty VI (2345–2181 BC)
• Dynasty VII – Spurious
• Dynasty VIII (2181–2160 BC)
• Dynasty IX (2160–2130 BC)
• Dynasty X (2130–2040 BC)
• Dynasty XI (2134–1991 BC)
• Dynasty XII (1991–1803 BC)
• Dynasty XIII (1803–1649 BC)
• Dynasty XIV (1705–1690 BC)
• Dynasty XV (1674–1535 BC)
• Dynasty XVI (1660–1600 BC)
• Abydos dynasty (1650–1600 BC) – Hypothesized
• Dynasty XVII (1650–1549 BC)
• Dynasty XVIII (1549–1292 BC)
• Dynasty XIX (1292–1186 BC)
• Dynasty XX (1186–1069 BC)
• Dynasty XXI (1069–945 BC)
• Dynasty XXII (945–720 BC)
• Dynasty XXIII (837–728 BC)
• Dynasty XXIV (732–720 BC)
• Dynasty XXV (732–653 BC)
• Dynasty XXVI (672–525 BC)
• Dynasty XXVII (Persian) (525–404 BC) – Egypt under the Persian Achaemenid Empire
• Dynasty XXVIII (404–398 BC)
• Dynasty XXIX (398–380 BC)
• Dynasty XXX (380–343 BC)
• Dynasty XXXI (Persian) (343–332 BC) – Persian rule in Egypt restored during the reign of Artaxerxes III
• Argead dynasty (Macedonian) (332–309 BC)
• Ptolemaic dynasty (Macedonian) (305–30 BC)
• Julio-Claudian dynasty (Roman) (27 BC – 68 AD) – Roman Empire rule in Egypt
• Flavian dynasty (Roman) (69–96) – Roman Empire rule in Egypt
• Nervan-Antonian dynasty (Roman) (96–192) – Roman Empire rule in Egypt
• Severan dynasty (Roman) (193–235) – Roman Empire rule in Egypt
• Sasanian Empire (Persian) (224-651 AD)
• Constantinian dynasty (Roman) (303–336) – Roman Empire rule in Egypt
• Valentinian dynasty (Roman/Byzantine) (364–378) – Byzantine Empire rule in Egypt
• Theodosian dynasty (Roman/Byzantine) (379–457) – Byzantine Empire rule in Egypt
• Leonid dynasty (Roman/Byzantine) (457–518) – Byzantine Empire rule in Egypt
• Justinian dynasty (Roman/Byzantine) (518–602) – Byzantine Empire rule in Egypt
• Heraclian dynasty (Roman/Byzantine) (602–641) – Byzantine Empire rule in Egypt
• Rashidun Caliphate (641–661)
• Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
• Abbasid Caliphate (750–935)
• Tulunid dynasty (868–905)
• Ikhshidid dynasty (935–969)
• Fatimid Caliphate (969–1171)
• Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1250)
• Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517)
• Ottoman dynasty (Turkish) (1517–1798, 1801–1867) – Egypt administered as the Egypt Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire
• Muhammad Ali dynasty (1805–1953) – Khedivate of Egypt

Ethiopia

• Kingdom of Aksum (c. 100 AD – c. 940 AD)
• Zagwe dynasty (c. 900–1270)
• Walashma dynasty
• Solomonic dynasty (1270–1974)
• Mudaito Dynasty (1734–1971)

Guinea

• Keita dynasty (c. 1200–1670)

Madagascar

• Merina Dynasty (c. 1500–1897)

Morocco

• Idrisid dynasty (789–974)
• Almoravid dynasty (1060–1147)
• Almohad dynasty (1147–1258)
• Marinid dynasty (1258–1465)
• Wattasid dynasty (1471–1554)
• Saadi dynasty (1554–1659)
• Alaouite dynasty (1666–present)

Nigeria

• Eri dynasty of the Igbo and Igala peoples
• Ibn Fodio dynasty of Sokoto and Gwandu
• Jaja dynasty of Opobu
• Modibo Adama dynasty of Adamawa
• el-Kanemi dynasty of Bornu
• Ooduan dynasty of Ife, Egba, Ketu, Sabe, Oyo, Ijero and the Ilas
  • Asodeboyede dynasty of Akure (a cadet branch of the Ooduan dynasty)
    • Ologun Kutere dynasty of Lagos (a cadet branch of the Ooduan dynasty)
      • Eweka dynasty of Benin (a cadet branch of the Ooduan dynasty)
• Sayfawa dynasty of Bornu

Senegal and Gambia (Senegambia)

Senegambian

• Lamanic period
  • Joof Dynasty
    • Wagadou (princesses from the Kingdom of Wagadou, later Ghana Empire married into the Serer nobility) (c. 11th century or sooner-1350)
      • Guelowar Dynasty (1350–1969)
• Joos (1367–1855), founded by Lingeer Ndoye Demba

Somalia

• Muzaffar Dynasty
• Gareen Dynasty
• Walashma Dynasty
• Gobroon Dynasty
• Warsangali Dynasty
• Hobyo Dynasty
• Majeerteen Dynasty
• Murusade Dynasty

South Africa

• Zulu Royal Family
• Rain Queen dynasty
• Transkeian dynasty of the Thembus (which counted Nelson Mandela as a ranking member)

Sudan and South Sudan (The Sudan)

• Muhammad Ali dynasty (1821–1885)
• House of al-Mahdi (1845–1945)

Swaziland

• House of Dlamini

Asia

Afghanistan

• Durrani Dynasty (1747–1823 and 1839–1842)
• Barakzai Dynasty (1818–1839, 1842–1929 and 1929–1973)
• Usurper King (17 January 1929 – 13 October 1929)

Bhutan

• House of Wangchuck (དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་) (1907–present)

Cambodia

• Varman Dynasty (13th century–present)
  • House of Norodom (1860–present)
  • House of Sisowath (1904–present)

China

Main article: Dynasties in Chinese history

• Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors (三皇五帝) (c. 2852–2070 BC) – Legendary
• Xia dynasty (夏朝) (c. 2070–1600 BC) – Semi-legendary
• Shang dynasty (商朝) (c. 1600–1046 BC)
• Zhou dynasty (周朝) (c. 1046–256 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬)
  • Western Zhou (西周) (c. 1046–771 BC)
  • Eastern Zhou (东周/東周) (c. 770–255 BC)
• Spring and Autumn period (春秋时代/春秋時代) (c. 771–476 BC)
  • Total of 148 states were recorded during the Spring and Autumn period (See list in Spring and Autumn period)
• Warring States period (战国时代/戰國時代) (c. 445–221 BC)
  • Qi (齐/齊) (c. 1046–221 BC)
  • Chu (楚) (c. 1030–223 BC)
  • Yan (燕) (11th century BC–222 BC)
  • Qin (秦) (c. 897–207 BC)
  • Han (韩/韓) (c. 403–230 BC)
  • Wei (魏) (c. 403–225 BC)
  • Zhao (赵/趙) (c. 403–222 BC)
  • 13 other minor states existed during the Warring States period
• Dian Kingdom (滇国/滇國) (4th century BC–109 BC)
• Minyue (闽越/閩越) (c. 334–111 BC)
• Qin dynasty (秦朝) (c. 221–206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying (贏) of Han Chinese descent
• Eighteen Kingdoms (十八国/十八國) (206 BC)
  • See list in Eighteen Kingdoms
• Han dynasty (汉朝/漢朝) (c. 206 BC–9 AD, c. 25–220 AD) – Ruled by the House of Liu (刘/劉) of Han Chinese descent
  • Western Han (西汉/西漢) (c. 206 BC–9 AD)
  • Eastern Han (东汉/東漢) (c. 25–220 AD)
• Nanyue (南越) (c. 204–111 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zhao (赵/趙) of Han Chinese descent
• Dong'ou (东瓯/東甌) (c. 191–138 BC)
• Xin dynasty (新朝) (c. 9–23 AD) – Interrupted the Han dynasty; Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Han Chinese descent
• Three Kingdoms (三国/三國) (c. 220–280 AD)
  • Cao Wei (曹魏) (c. 220–266 AD) – Ruled by the House of Cao (曹) of Han Chinese descent
  • Shu Han (蜀汉/蜀漢) (c. 221–263 AD) – Ruled by the House of Liu (刘/劉) of Han Chinese descent
  • Eastern Wu (东吴/東吳) (c. 222–280 AD) – Ruled by the House of Sun (孙/孫) of Han Chinese descent
• Jin dynasty (晋朝/晉朝) (c. 265–420 AD) – Ruled by the House of Sima (司马/司馬) of Han Chinese descent
  • Western Jin (西晋/西晉) (c. 266–316 AD)
  • Eastern Jin (东晋/東晉) (c. 317–420 AD)
• Sixteen Kingdoms (十六国/十六國) (c. 304–439 AD)
  • Han Zhao (汉赵/漢趙) (c. 304–329 AD) – Ruled by the House of Liu (刘/劉) of Xiongnu descent
    • Han (汉/漢) (c. 304–319 AD)
    • Zhao (赵/趙) (c. 319–329 AD)
  • Cheng Han (成汉/成漢) (c. 304–347 AD) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Ba descent
    • Cheng (成) (c. 304–338 AD)
    • Han (汉/漢) (c. 338–347 AD)
  • Dai (代) (c. 310–376 AD) – Ruled by the House of Tuoba (拓拔) of Xianbei descent
  • Later Zhao (后赵/後趙) (c. 319–351 AD) – Ruled by the House of Shi (石) of Jie descent
  • Former Liang (前凉/前涼) (c. 320–376 AD) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (张/張) of Han Chinese descent
  • Former Yan (前燕) (c. 337–370 AD) – Ruled by the House of Murong (慕容) of Xianbei descent
  • Ran Wei (冉魏) (c. 350–352 AD) – Ruled by the House of Ran (冉) of Han Chinese descent
  • Former Qin (前秦) (c. 351–394 AD) – Ruled by the House of Fu (苻) of Di descent
  • Western Yan (西燕) (c. 384–394 AD) – Ruled by the House of Murong (慕容) of Xianbei descent
  • Later Yan (后燕/後燕) (c. 384–409 AD) – Ruled by the House of Murong (慕容) of Xianbei descent
  • Later Qin (后秦/後秦) (c. 384–417 AD) – Ruled by the House of Yao (姚) of Qiang descent
  • Western Qin (西秦) (c. 385–400 AD, c. 409–431 AD) – Ruled by the House of Qifu (乞伏) of Xianbei descent
  • Later Liang (后凉/後凉) (c. 386–403 AD) – Ruled by the House of Lü (吕/呂) of Di descent
  • Zhai Wei (翟魏) (c. 388–392 AD) – Ruled by the House of Zhai (翟) of Dingling descent
  • Southern Liang (南凉/南涼) (c. 397–414 AD) – Ruled by the House of Tufa (秃发/禿髮) of Xianbei descent
  • Northern Liang (北凉/北涼) (c. 397–460 AD) – Ruled by the House of Juqu (沮渠) of Xiongnu descent
  • Southern Yan (南燕) (c. 398–410 AD) – Ruled by the House of Murong (慕容) of Xianbei descent
  • Western Liang (西凉/西涼) (c. 400–421 AD) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han Chinese descent
  • Xia (夏) (c. 407–431 AD) – Ruled by the House of Helian (赫连/赫連) of Xiongnu descent
  • Northern Yan (北燕) (c. 407–436 AD) – Ruled by the House of Feng (冯/馮) of Han Chinese descent
• Huan Chu (桓楚) (c. 401–404 AD) – Ruled by the House of Huan (桓) of Han Chinese descent
• Northern and Southern dynasties (南北朝) (c. 420–589 AD)
  • Northern dynasties (北朝)
    • Northern Wei (北魏) (c. 386–535 AD) – Ruled by the House of Tuoba (拓拔) of Xianbei descent
    • Eastern Wei (东魏/東魏) (c. 534–550 AD) – Ruled by the House of Tuoba (拓拔) of Xianbei descent
    • Western Wei (西魏) (c. 535–557 AD) – Ruled by the House of Tuoba (拓拔) of Xianbei descent
    • Northern Qi (北齐/北齊) (c. 550–577 AD) – Ruled by the House of Gao (高) of Han Chinese descent
    • Northern Zhou (北周) (c. 557–581 AD) – Ruled by the House of Yuwen (宇文) of Xianbei descent
  • Southern dynasties (南朝)
    • Liu Song (刘宋/劉宋) (c. 420–479 AD) – Ruled by the House of Liu (刘/劉) of Han Chinese descent
    • Southern Qi (南齐/南齊) (c. 479–502 AD) – Ruled by the House of Xiao (萧/蕭) of Han Chinese descent
    • Liang dynasty (梁朝) (c. 502–557 AD) – Ruled by the House of Xiao (萧/蕭) of Han Chinese descent
      • Western Liang (西梁) (c. 555–587 AD)
    • Chen dynasty (陈朝/陳朝) (c. 557–589 AD) – Ruled by the House of Chen (陈/陳) of Han Chinese descent
• Sui dynasty (隋朝) (c. 581–618 AD) – Ruled by the House of Yang (杨/楊) of Han Chinese descent
• Tang dynasty (唐朝) (c. 618–690 AD, c. 705–907 AD) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han Chinese descent
  • Second Zhou dynasty (武周) (c. 690–705 AD) – Interrupted the Tang dynasty; Ruled by the House of Wu (武) of Han Chinese descent
• Balhae (渤海国/渤海國) (c. 698–926 AD) – Ruled by the House of Dae (大) of Mohe descent
• Nanzhao (南诏/南詔) (c. 738–937 AD) – Ruled by the House of Meng (蒙) of Bai descent
• Dachanghe (大长和/大長和) (c. 902–928 AD) – Ruled by the House of Zheng (郑/鄭)
• Qi (岐) (c. 907–924 AD) – Ruled by the House of Li (李)
• Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (五代十国/五代十國) (c. 907–960 AD)
  • Five Dynasties (五代)
    • Later Liang (后梁/後梁) (c. 907–923 AD) – Ruled by the House of Zhu (朱) of Han Chinese descent
    • Later Tang (后唐/後唐) (c. 923–937 AD) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Shatuo descent
      • Jin (晋/晉) (c. 907–923 AD)
    • Later Jin (后晋/後晉) (c. 936–947 AD) – Ruled by the House of Shi (石) of Shatuo descent
    • Later Han (后汉/後漢) (c. 947–951 AD) – Ruled by the House of Liu (刘/劉) of Shatuo descent
    • Later Zhou (后周/後周) (c. 951–960 AD) – Ruled by the House of Guo (郭) of Han Chinese descent
  • Ten Kingdoms (十国/十國)
    • Former Shu (前蜀) (c. 907–925 AD) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Han Chinese descent
    • Yang Wu (杨吴/楊吳) (c. 907–937 AD) – Ruled by the House of Yang (杨/楊) of Han Chinese descent
    • Ma Chu (马楚/馬楚) (c. 907–951 AD) – Ruled by the House of Ma (马/馬) of Han Chinese descent
    • Wuyue (吴越/吳越) (c. 907–978 AD) – Ruled by the House of Qian (钱/錢) of Han Chinese descent
    • Min (闽/閩) (c. 909–945 AD) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Han Chinese descent
      • Yin (殷) (c. 943–945 AD)
    • Southern Han (南汉/南漢) (c. 917–971 AD) – Ruled by the House of Liu (刘/劉) of Han Chinese descent
    • Jingnan (荊南) (c. 924–963 AD) – Ruled by the House of Gao (高) of Han Chinese descent
    • Later Shu (后蜀/後蜀) (c. 934–965 AD) – Ruled by the House of Meng (孟) of Han Chinese descent
    • Southern Tang (南唐) (c. 937–976 AD) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han Chinese descent
    • Northern Han (北汉/北漢) (c. 951–979 AD) – Ruled by the House of Liu (刘/劉) of Shatuo descent
• Liao dynasty (辽朝/遼朝) (c. 907–1125 AD) – Ruled by the House of Yelü (耶律) of Khitan descent
  • Northern Liao (北辽/北遼) (c. 1122–1123 AD)
  • Western Liao (西辽/西遼) (c. 1124–1218 AD)
  • Eastern Liao (东辽/東遼) (c. 1213–1269 AD)
  • Later Liao (后辽/後遼) (c. 1216–1219 AD)
• Zhao (赵/趙) (c. 910–921 AD) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Han Chinese descent
• Yan (燕) (c. 911–914 AD) – Ruled by the House of Liu (刘/劉) of Han Chinese descent
• Dongdan Kingdom (东丹/東丹) (c. 926–936 AD) – Ruled by the House of Yelü (耶律) of Khitan descent
• Datianxing (大天兴/大天興) (c. 928–929 AD) – Ruled by the House of Zhao (赵/趙)
• Dayining (大义宁/大義寧) (c. 929–937 AD) – Ruled by the House of Yang (杨/楊)
• Dali Kingdom (大理国/大理國) (c. 937–1253 AD) – Ruled by the House of Duan (段) of Bai descent
• Song dynasty (宋朝) (c. 960–1279 AD) – Ruled by the House of Zhao (赵/趙) of Han Chinese descent
  • Northern Song (北宋) (c. 960–1127 AD)
  • Southern Song (南宋) (c. 1127–1279 AD)
• Western Xia (西夏) (c. 1038–1227 AD) – Ruled by the House of Tuoba (拓跋) of Tangut descent
• Dazhong Kingdom (大中) (c. 1094–1096 AD) – Ruled by the House of Gao (高)
• Jin dynasty (金朝) (c. 1115–1234 AD) – Ruled by the House of Wanyan (完颜/完顏) of Jurchen descent
• Eastern Xia (东夏/東夏) (c. 1215–1233 AD) – Ruled by the House of Puxian (蒲鲜/蒲鮮) of Jurchen descent
• Yuan dynasty (元朝) (c. 1271–1368 AD) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛儿只斤/孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
  • Northern Yuan (北元) (c. 1368–1635 AD)
• Zhou (周) (c. 1354–1367 AD) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (张/張) of Han Chinese descent
• Ming dynasty (明朝) (c. 1368–1644 AD) – Ruled by the House of Zhu (朱) of Han Chinese descent
  • Southern Ming (南明) (c. 1644–1662 AD)
• Qing dynasty (清朝) (c. 1636–1912 AD) – Ruled by the House of Aisin Gioro (爱新觉罗/愛新覺羅) of Manchu descent
  • Later Jin (后金/後金) (c. 1616–1636 AD)
• Shun dynasty (顺朝/順朝) (c. 1644–1645 AD) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han Chinese descent
• Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (太平天国/太平天國) (c. 1851–1864 AD) – Ruled by the House of Hong (洪) of Han Chinese descent
• Kingdom of Tungning (东宁王国/東寧王國) (c. 1661–1683 AD) – Ruled by the House of Zheng (郑/鄭) of Han Chinese descent
• Empire of China (中华帝国/中華帝國) (c. 1915–1916 AD) – Ruled by the House of Yuan (袁) of Han Chinese descent

Central Asia

• Xiongnu (3rd century BC–1st century AD)
• Xianbei state (c. 93–234 AD)
• Sasanian Empire (224–651)
• Samanid Empire (819–999)
• Ghurid dynasty (c. 879–1215 AD)
• Ghaznavid dynasty (977–1186)
• Seljuk Empire (1037–1194)
• Khwarazmian dynasty (1077–1231)
• Qara Khitai (1124–1218) – Continuation of the Liao dynasty; Also called "Western Liao"
• Chagatai Khanate (1225–1340s)
  • Western Chagatai Khanate
  • Moghulistan (1347–1680s)
• Golden Horde (1240s–1502)
• Timurid Empire (1370–1507)
• Hotak dynasty (1709–1738)
• Durrani Empire (1747–1826)

Middle East

• Sargonid dynasty
• Rashidun Caliphate
• Umayyad Caliphate
• Abbasid Caliphate
• Tulunids
• Mamelukes
• Fatimid dynasty
• Ottoman Sultanate
• Uyunid dynasty

India

• Brihadratha dynasty (1760–831 BC)
• Pradyota dynasty (832–667 BC)
• Haryanka dynasty (667–412 BC)
• Shishunaga dynasty (413–345 BC)
• Nanda dynasty (345–321 BC)
• Maurya dynasty (322–185 BC)
• Shunga dynasty (185–73 BC)
• Kanva dynasty (75–26 BC)
• Satavahana dynasty (230 BC – 220 AD)
• Chera dynasty (300 BC – 1200 AD)
• Chola dynasty (278 BC – 1279 AD)
• Pandya dynasty (300 BC – 1345 AD)
• Pallava dynasty (250 BC – 800 AD)
• Kushāṇa dynasty (60–240 AD)
• Vakataka dynasty (250–500)
• Gupta dynasty (280–550)
• Kadamba dynasty (345–525)
• Western Ganga dynasty (350–1000)
• Vishnukundina dynasty (420–624)
• Harsha dynasty (606–647)
• Shahi dynasty (6th to 12th century)
• Chalukya dynasty (6th to 12th century)
• Rajput dynasties (7th to 20th century)
• Pratihara dynasty (650–1036)
• Pala dynasty (750–1174)
• Rashtrakuta dynasty (753–982)
• Paramara dynasty (800–1327)
• Yadava dynasty (850–1334)
• Chaulukya dynasty (942–1244)
• Hoysala dynasty (1040–1346)
• Sena dynasty (1070–1230)
• Eastern Ganga dynasty (1078–1434)
• Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323)
• Travancore dynasty (1102–1949)
• Ahom dynasty (1228–1826)
• Sultanate dynasties (1206–1526)
• Vijayanagara dynasty (1336–1646)
• Mughal dynasty (1526–1857)
• Maratha dynasty (1674–1818)
• Wadiyar dynasty (1399–1947)

Iran (Persia)

• Median dynasty
• Achaemenid dynasty
• Parthian dynasty
• Sasanian dynasty
• Dabuyid dynasty
• Bavand dynasty
• Paduspanid dynasty
• Ziyarid dynasty
• Saffarid dynasty
• Samanid dynasty
• Ghaznavid dynasty
• Buyid dynasty
• Kakuyid dynasty
• Ghurid dynasty
• Seljuq dynasty
• Khwarazmian dynasty
• Ilkhanate dynasty
• Jalayrid dynasty
• Sarbadar dynasty
• Chobanid dynasty
• Muzaffarid dynasty
• Timurid dynasty
• Safavid dynasty
• Hotaki dynasty
• Afsharid dynasty
• Zand dynasty
• Qajar dynasty
• Pahlavi dynasty

Israel

• Davidic line
• House of Omri
• Herodian dynasty
• Achaemenid Empire (Persian) (343–332 BC)
• Argead dynasty (Macedonian) (332–309 BC)
• Ptolemaic dynasty (Macedonian) (305–30 BC)
• Hasmonean dynasty (140–37 BC)
• Julio-Claudian dynasty (Roman) (27 BC – AD 68)
• Flavian dynasty (Roman) (69–96)
• Nervan-Antonian dynasty (Roman) (96–192)
• Severan dynasty (Roman) (193–235)
• Constantinian dynasty (Roman) (303–336)
• Valentinian Dynasty (Roman) (364–457)
  • House of Theodosius (Roman) (from 379)
• Leonid dynasty (Roman) (457–518)
• Justinian dynasty (Roman/Byzantine) (518–602)
• Heraclian dynasty (Roman/Byzantine) (602–695 and 705–711)

Kingdom of Jerusalem

• House of Boulogne (1099–1118)
• House of Rethel (1118–1153)
• House of Anjou (1153–1205)
• Houses of Aleramici and Brienne (1205–1228)
• House of Hohenstaufen (1228–1268)
• House of Lusignan (1186–1192)(1268–1485)

Indonesia

• Sailendra dynasty, Medang kingdom and Srivijaya empire
• Sanjaya dynasty, Medang kingdom (Central Java period)
• Isyana dynasty, Medang kingdom (East Java period), Kahuripan kingdom, Janggala and Kediri kingdom
• Mauli dynasty, Dharmasraya and Pagaruyung kingdoms
• Rajasa dynasty, Singhasari kingdom (1222–1292) and Majapahit empire (1293 – ca. 1500)
• Four successor dynasties to Sultanate of Mataram : Pakubuwono, Hamengkubuwono, Paku Alaman, and Mangkunegaran (18th century – present)

Japan

• Yamato dynasty, Imperial house of Japan (660 BC (legendary) – present, with power fluctuating between absolute ruler to ceremonial figurehead to constitutional monarch)

Korea

• Gojoseon (고조선/古朝鮮) (2333 BC (legendary) – 108 BC)
  • Wiman Joseon (위만조선/衛滿朝鮮) (194 BC – 108 BC) – Founded by Wiman (위만/衛滿) from the Chinese State of Yan
• Han dynasty (Chinese) (한나라/漢朝) (c. 108 BC – 220 AD) – Chinese rule over the Korean Peninsula as far south as the Han River under the Four Commanderies of Han (한사군/漢四郡)
• Three Kingdoms of Korea (삼국시대/三國時期) (57 BC – 668 AD)
  • Silla (신라/新羅) (57 BC – 935 AD)
  • Goguryeo (고구려/高句麗) (37 BC – 668 AD)
  • Baekje (백제/百濟) (18 BC – 660 AD)
• Jin dynasty (Chinese) (진나라/晉朝) (c. 220–314 AD) – Chinese rule over the Korean Peninsula under the Daifang Commandery (대방군/帶方郡)
• North-South States (남북국시대/南北國時代) (698–892 AD)
  • Later Silla (후신라/後新羅) (668–892 AD)
  • Balhae (발해/渤海) (698–926 AD)
• Later Three Kingdoms (후삼국시대/後三國時代) (892–936 AD)
  • Silla (신라/新羅) (57 BC – 935 AD)
  • Taebong (태봉/泰封) (901–918 AD)
  • Later Baekje (후백제/後百濟) (892–936 AD)
• Goryeo (고려/高麗) (918–1392 AD)
• Joseon (조선/朝鮮) (1392–1897)
  • Korean Empire (대한제국/大韓帝國) (1897–1910)

Kuwait

• House of Sabah (1718 – present)

Malaysia

• Langkasuka dynasty / Perlis (2nd century – present)
• Kedah Tua/Kataha dynasty – Sultanate of Kedah (5th century – present)
• Gangga Negara dynasty (9th century)
• Malacca Malay sultanate (1400–1511)
• Johor Malay sultanate (1528–1699)
• Johor Malay Sultanate (Temenggong monarchy (1699–present)
• Perak Malay Sultanate (1528–present)

Mongolia

• Xiongnu (209 BC–93 AD)
• Xianbei state (c. 93–234 AD)
• Rouran Khaganate (330–555)
• Turkic Khaganate (555–630, 682–744)
• Xueyantuo (628–646)
• Tang dynasty (Тан улс) (647–682) – Chinese rule over the Mongolian Plateau under the Protectorate General to Pacify the North
• Uyghur Khaganate (744–840)
• Liao dynasty (Их Ляо улс) (907–1125) – Ruled by the House of Yelü
• Khamag Mongol (Хамаг Монголын ханлиг) (10th century–1206)
• Mongol Empire (Их Монгол улс) (1206–1368) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin
  • Yuan dynasty (Юань улс) (1271–1368) – Mongolia ruled as the Lingbei Province of the Yuan dynasty
    • Northern Yuan (Умард Юань) (1368–1635)
• Qing dynasty (Чин улс) (1635–1912) – Ruled by the House of Aisin Gioro; Mongolia administered by the Lifan Yuan (Гадаад Монголын төрийг засах явдлын яам) of the Qing dynasty

Myanmar

• Pyu dynasty (c. 3000 BC – c. 400 AD)
• Sarekhitara dynasty (c. 400 – 1044)
• Bagan dynasty (1044–1287)
• Pinya dynasty (1287–1365)
• Innwa dynasty (1365–1486)
• Toungoo dynasty (တောင်ငူမင်းဆက်) (1486–1752)
• Nyaung Yan dynasty (1752–1824)
• Konbaung dynasty (ကုန်းဘောင်ခေတ်) (1824–1885)

Nepal

• Lichchhavi Dynasty(400–750)
• Malla Dynasty(1201–1769)
• Shah dynasty (शाह वंश) (1768–2008)
• Rana dynasty (राणा वंश) (1846–1951)

Philippines

Royal families

• Malay Dynasties
  • The Datu Puti Lineage (Ruled the defunct Confederation of Madya-as) (13th century – 1565)
• Hindu dynasties
  • The Lakandula Dynasty (Ruled the defunct Kingdom of Tondo) (1150–1589)
  • The House of Tupas (Ruled the defunct Rajahnate of Cebu) (up to 1565)
  • The House of Sri Bata Shaja (Ruled the defunct Rajahnate of Butuan) (989–1586)
• Muslim dynasties
  • The Ud-Din Royal Hashemite Family (A dynasty which ruled the Maguinadanao Sultanate) (1480–1830)
  • The Kiram Royal Hashemite Family (Rules the Sulu Sultanate) (1823 – present)
  • The Sultan Diagaborola Balindong Bsar Lineage (Ruled the Lanao Confederation of sultanates in Lanao)
  • The Noni Lineage (Co-ruled the Lanao Confederation of sultanates in Lanao)

Ryūkyū

• Shunten dynasty (舜天) (1187–1259)
• Eiso dynasty (英祖) (1260–1349)
• Sanzan period (三山時代) (1314–1429)
  • Hokuzan (北山) (1314–1419)
  • Chūzan (中山) (1314–1429)
  • Nanzan (南山) (1314–1429)
• Ryūkyū Kingdom (琉球國) (1407–1879)
  • First Shō dynasty (第一尚氏) (1407–1469)
  • Second Shō Dynasty (第二尚氏) (1469–1879)

Sri Lanka

Anuradhapura

• House of Vijaya (543 BC-66 AD)
• House of Lambakanna I (66–436)
• House of Moriya (463–691)
• House of Lambakanna II (691–1017)
• Chola dynasty (993–1077)

Polonnaruwa

• House of Vijayabahu (1056–1187, 1197–1200, 1209–1210, 1211–1212)
• House of Kalinga (1187–1197, 1200–1209)

Jaffna

• Aryacakravarti dynasty (1215–1619)

Kandy

• House of Dinajara (1590–1739)
• Nayaks of Kandy (1739–1815)

British Ceylon

• House of Hanover (1815–1901)
• House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1901–1917)
• House of Windsor (1917–1972)

Saudi Arabia

• House of Saud (1744–present)

Tibet

• Pre-imperial and imperial Yarlung Dynasty (up to 842)
• Yuan dynasty (ཡོན་རྒྱལ་རབས།) (c. 1270–1354 AD) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin; Locally administered by Sakya lamas and dpon-chens
• Phagmodrupa dynasty (ཕག་མོ་གྲུ་པ་) (1354–1642)
• Rinpungpa (རིན་སྤུངས་པ་) (1435–1565)
• Tsangpa (གཙང་པ) (1565–1642)
• Ganden Phodrang (དགའ་ལྡན་ཕོ་བྲང) (1642–1959) – Locally ruled by Dalai Lamas but under Mongol or Chinese overlordship during most of the period
• Khoshut Khanate (1642–1717)
• Qing dynasty (ཆིང་རྒྱལ་རབས།) (1720–1912) – Ruled by the House of Aisin Gioro; Tibet administered by the Lifan Yuan of the Qing dynasty

Thailand

• Lavachakkaraj dynasty (638–1292)
• Phra Ruang dynasty (1238–1438)
• Mangrai dynasty (1296–1558)
• Uthong dynasty (1350–1370), (1388–1409)
• Suphannaphum dynasty (1370–1388), (1409–1569)
• Sukhothai dynasty (1569–1629)
• Prasart Thong dynasty (1629–1688)
• Baan Plu Luang dynasty (1688–1767)
• Tipchakratiwong dynasty (Seven princes dynasty) (Lanna Kingdom) (1732–1932)
• Thonburi dynasty (1767–1782)
• Chakri dynasty (ราชวงศ์จักรี) (1782–present)

United Arab Emirates

• House of Al-Falasi (1833–present)
• Al Nahyan family (1761–present)
• Al Qasimi
• Al Nuaim
• Al Sharqi

Vietnam

• Hồng Bàng dynasty (鴻龐) (2879–258 BC)
  • Càn line (2879–2794 BC)
  • Khảm line (2793–2525 BC)
  • Cấn line (2524–2253 BC)
  • Chấn line (2254–1913 BC)
  • Tốn line (1912–1713 BC)
  • Ly line (1712–1632 BC)
  • Khôn line (1631–1432 BC)
  • Đoài line (1431–1332 BC)
  • Giáp line (1331–1252 BC)
  • Ất line (1251–1162 BC)
  • Bính line (1161–1055 BC)
  • Đinh line (1054–969 BC)
  • Mậu line (968–854 BC)
  • Kỷ line (853–755 BC)
  • Canh line (754–661 BC)
  • Tân line (660–569 BC)
  • Nhâm line (568–409 BC)
  • Qúy line (408–258 BC)
• Thục dynasty (257–207 BC)
• Triệu dynasty (家趙) (207–111 BC) – Founded by Zhao Tuo (Triệu Đà/趙佗) from the Chinese Qin dynasty; Vietnam ruled as part of Nanyue (Nam Việt/南越)
• Han dynasty (Chinese) (漢朝) (111 BC – 39 AD and 43–220) – First Chinese domination of Vietnam (北屬吝次一) and Second Chinese domination of Vietnam (北屬吝次二)
• Trưng Sisters (𠄩婆徵) (40–43)
• Eastern Wu (Chinese) (東吳) (229–265 and 271–280) – Second Chinese domination of Vietnam (北屬吝次二)
• Jin dynasty (Chinese) (晉朝) (265–271 and 280–420) – Second Chinese domination of Vietnam (北屬吝次二)
• Liu Song dynasty (Chinese) (劉宋) (420–479) – Second Chinese domination of Vietnam (北屬吝次二)
• Southern Qi (Chinese) (南齊) (479–502) – Second Chinese domination of Vietnam (北屬吝次二)
• Liang dynasty (Chinese) (梁朝) (502–544) – Second Chinese domination of Vietnam (北屬吝次二)
• Early Lý dynasty (前李朝) (544–602)
• Sui dynasty (Chinese) (隋朝) (602–618) – Third Chinese domination of Vietnam (北屬吝次三)
• Tang dynasty (Chinese) (唐朝) (618–905) – Third Chinese domination of Vietnam (北屬吝次三)
• Khúc clan (𣱆曲) (905–930)
• Ngô dynasty (吳朝) (939–967)
• Đinh dynasty (家丁) (968–980)
• Early Lê dynasty (家前黎) (980–1009)
• Lý dynasty (家李) (1009–1225)
• Trần dynasty (陳朝) (1225–1400)
• Hồ dynasty (胡朝) (1400–1407)
• Later Trần dynasty (後陳朝) (1407–1413)
• Ming dynasty (Chinese) (明朝) (1407–1427) – Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam (北屬吝次四/時屬明)
• Later Lê dynasty (後黎朝) (1428–1527 and 1533–1788)
• Mạc dynasty (莫朝) (1527–1677)
• Trịnh lords (鄭主) (1545–1787)
• Nguyễn lords (阮主) (1558–1777)
• Tây Sơn dynasty (西山朝) (1778–1802)
• Nguyễn dynasty (阮朝) (1802–1945)

Champa

• 1st dynasty (192–336)
• 2nd dynasty (336–420)
• 3rd dynasty (420–529)
• 4th dynasty (529–758)
• 5th dynasty (758–854)
• 6th dynasty (854–989)
• 7th dynasty (989–1044)
• 8th dynasty (1044–1074)
• 9th dynasty (1074–1139)
• 10th dynasty (1139–1145)
• 11th dynasty (1145–1190)
• 12th dynasty (1190–1318)
• 13th dynasty (1318–1390)
• 14th dynasty (1390–1458)
• 15th dynasty (1458–1471)
• vacant (1471–1695)
• Dynasty of Po Saktiraidaputih (1695–1822)

Europe

Austria

• House of Babenberg (976–1246)
• House of Habsburg (1273–1780)
• House of Habsburg-Lorraine (1780–1918)

Albania

• Progon Dynasty (1190–1216)
• Capetian House of Anjou (1272–1368)
• Kastrioti (1444–1468)
• Wied (1914)
• Zogu (1928–1939)

Armenia

• Orontid Dynasty
• Artaxiad Dynasty or the Artashesi Dynasty (189 BC-12 AD)
• Arsacid Dynasty or the Arshakuni Dynasty (54–428)
• Bagratuni Dynasty or the Bagratid Dynasty of Armenia (885–1045)
• Rubenid Dynasty of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1080–1225)
• House of Lusignan, the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1342–1467)

Belgium

Medieval feudal states

• House of Flanders (rulers of various entities in the Southern Netherlands and Crusader states 863–1280)
• House of Dampierre (rulers of various entities in the Southern Netherlands and France 1247-1405)
• House of Reginar (rulers of various entities in the Southern Netherlands c. 770–1406)
• House of Burgundy (1384–1482)

Kingdom of Belgium (1831)

• House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1831–present)

Bohemia/Czechia

See also: List of Czech monarchs and Czech lands

Great Moravia

• Moymirid dynasty (c.830–906?)

Duchy of Bohemia

• Přemyslid dynasty (c. 870–1198)

Kingdom of Bohemia

• Přemyslid dynasty (1085–1092, 1158–1172, 1198–1306; heredity of the royal title established in 1212)
• House of Gorizia (1306, 1307–1310)
• House of Habsburg (1306–1307, 1437–1439, 1453–1457, 1526–1780)
• House of Luxembourg (1310–1437; Lands of the Bohemian Crown established in 1348)
• House of Poděbrady (1457–1471)
• House of Hunyadi (1469–1490; in opposition to the House of Poděbrady and from 1471 to the House of Jagiellon; never crowned)
• House of Jagiellon (1471–1526)
• House of Wittelsbach (1619–1620, 1741–1743; in opposition to the House of Habsburg)
• House of Habsburg-Lorraine (1780–1918)

Bosnia

• House of Boričević (1154–1163)
• House of Kulinić (1163–1250)
• House of Kotromanić (1250–1463)
• House of Berislavić (1463–1527)

Bulgaria

• House of Dulo (632–753)
  • Krum's dynasty (777–976/997)
  • Cometopuli dynasty (976/997–1018)
• House of Asen (1187–1280)
• House of Terter (1280–1331)
• House of Sratsimir (1331–1422)
• Battenberg family (1878–1886)
• House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1886–1947)

Barbarians

Bavarii

• Agilolfing dynasty

Franks

• Merovingian dynasty (481–751)
• Carolingian dynasty (751–843)
• Arnulfings or Pippinids, mayors of the palaces. Ancestors of the Carolingians.

Huns

This is a list of rulers of the Huns. Period Ruler

• Vund c. 360
• Balamber 360–378
• Baltazár (Alypbi) 378–390
• Uldin (Khan of the Western Huns) 390–410
• Donatus (Khan of the Eastern Black Sea Huns & beyond) 410–412
• Charaton (Aksungur) 412–422
• Octar[1] 422–432
• Rugila 432–434
• Bleda with Attila c. 434 – c. 445
• Attila "the Hun" c. 434–453
• Ellac 453 – c. 455
• Tuldila fl. c. 457
• Dengizich (Sabirs attack c. 460–463) ?-469 with Hernach/BelkErmak
• Hernach/BelkErmak[2] 469–503
• House of Dulo Bulgaria (390–503) A Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans genealogy claims that the Dulo clan is descended from Attila the Hun.

Scirii

• Edeko
• Odoacer (435–493), was the 5th-century King of Italy

Lombards

See also: Early kings of the Lombards

• Lething Dynasty (until early 6th century)
• Gausian Dynasty (546–572)
• Arodingian Dynasty (635–653)
• Bavarian Dynasty (615–635, 653–712)

Ostrogoths

• Amal Dynasty (before 474–536)

Suebi

• Suebic Dynasty (409–585)

Vandals

• Hasdingi (before 407–534)

Visigoths

• Balthi Dynasty (395–531)

Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire)

• Constantinian dynasty (303–336)
• Valentinian Dynasty (364–457)
  • House of Theodosius from 379
• Leonid dynasty (457–518)
• Justinian Dynasty (518–602)
• Heraclian Dynasty (602–695 and 705–711)
• Isaurian Dynasty (717–802)
• Phrygian Dynasty (820–867)
• Macedonian Dynasty (867–1056)
• Komnenid Dynasty (1057–1059 and 1081–1185)
• Doukid Dynasty (1059–1081)
• Angelid Dynasty (1185–1204)
• Laskarid Dynasty (1204–1261), in exile in Nicaea
• Palaiologid Dynasty (1261–1453)

Croatia

• Trpimirović Dynasty (845–1091)
• Árpád Dynasty (c. 1102 – 1301)
• Přemyslid Dynasty (1301–1305)
• House of Wittelsbach (1305–1308)
• Capetian Dynasty, House of Anjou (1308–1395)
• House of Luxemburg (1387–1437)
• Habsburg Dynasty (1437–1457)
• Jagiellonian Dynasty (1440–1526)
• Zápolya Dynasty (1526–1571)
• Habsburg Dynasty (1526–1918)

Cyprus

• House of Lusignan (1192–1489)

Denmark

See also: List of Danish monarchs

(1448 – present)

• House of Oldenburg (1448–1863)
  • House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1863 to the present)

France

• Carolingian Dynasty (843–987)
• Capetian Dynasty (987–1792, 1814–1848)
  • Direct Capetians (987–1328)
  • House of Valois (1328–1589)
    • Direct House of Valois (1328–1498)
    • House of Valois-Orléans (1498–1515)
    • House of Valois-Angoulême (1515–1589)
  • House of Bourbon (1589–1792 and 1814–1848)
    • House of Bourbon-Vendôme (1589–1792, 1814–1830)
    • House of Bourbon-Orléans (1830–1848)
• Bonaparte Dynasty (1804–1814 and 1852–1870)

Georgia

• Pharnabazid Dynasty (299–90 BC, 30 BC – 189 AD)
• Artaxiad Dynasty (90–30 BC)
• Arsacid Dynasty (189–284 AD)
• Chosroid Dynasty (284–580, 627–684)
  • Guaramid Dynasty (588–627, 684–748, 779–786)
• Nersianid Dynasty (748–780)
• House of Bagration (813–1810)

Germany

• Carolingian Dynasty (843–911)
• Conradines (911–918)
• Ottonian Dynasty (919–1024)
• Salian Dynasty or Franconian Dynasty (1024–1125)
• Supplinburg Dynasty (1125–1137)
• House of Hohenstaufen (1137–1254)
• House of Habsburg (1273–1291, 1298–1308, and 1438–1740)
  • House of Lorraine (1745–1806)
• House of Nassau (1292–1298)
• House of Luxemburg (1308–1313, 1347–1400, and 1410–1437)
• House of Wittelsbach (1314–1347, 1400–1410, and 1742–1745)
• House of Hohenzollern (1871–1918)

Bavaria

• Liutpolding Dynasty (889–947)
• Ottonian Dynasty (947–1017)
• House of Luxembourg (1017–1026, 1039–1047)
• Salian Dynasty (1026–1039, 1053–1061)
• House of Welf (1070–1138, 1156–1180)
• House of Babenberg (1138–1156)
• House of Wittelsbach (1180–1918)

Saxony

• Liudolfing Dynasty (843–961)
• Billung Dynasty (961–1106)
• Supplinburger Dynasty (1106–1127)
• House of Welf (1127–1138, 1142–1180)
• Ascanian Dynasty (1138–1142, 1180–1422)
• Wettin Dynasty (1422–1918)

Greece

• House of Wittelsbach (1832-1862)
• House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1862-1924, 1935-1973)

Hungary

• Árpád Dynasty (c. 895 – 1301)
• Samuel Aba of Hungary Aba – Árpád Dynasty (1038–1044)
• Přemyslid Dynasty (1301–1305)
• House of Wittelsbach (1305–1308)
• Capetian Dynasty, House of Anjou (1308–1395)
• House of Luxemburg (1387–1437)
• Matthias Corvinus, House of Hunyadi (1458–1490)
• Habsburg Dynasty (1437–1457, 1526–1918)
• Jagiellonian Dynasty (1440–1526)
• Zápolya Dynasty (1526–1571)

Monaco

• House of Grimaldi

Montenegro

• Petrović-Njegoš dynasty (1696–1918)
• Karađorđević dynasty (1918–1941)

Ireland

• MacCarthy (Mac Cárthsigh)
• O'Brien (978–1542)
• O'Conor Don (Ó Conchubhair Donn)
• O'Donnell (Ó Domhnaill)(1200–1601)
• O'Neill (Ó Néill)
• Airgíalla (331–1585)
• Bréifne (700–1256)
• Uí Briúin
• Connachta
• Uí Fiachrach (5th century – 17th century)
• Uí Maine (357–1611)
• Desmumu
• Eóganachta
• Laigin
• Uí Chennselaig
• Mide
• Tuadmumu
• Dál gCais
• Uí Néill
• Cenél Conaill (Northern)
• Cenél nEógain (Northern)
• Ulaid (before 450 – 1177)
• Dál Fiatach

Italy

• House of Savoy (1861–1946)

Netherlands

• House of Orange (1544 – present)

Norway

• Fairhair Dynasty (890–1319)
• House of Lade (1028–1035)
• Hardrada dynasty (1046–1135)
• Sverre dynasty (1184–1319)
• House of Oldenburg (1450–1814)
• House of Bernadotte (1818–1905)
• House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1905 to the present)

Poland

• Piast Dynasty (9th century-1296 and 1306–1370)
• Přemyslid Dynasty (1291–1306)
• Capetian Dynasty, House of Anjou (1370–1399)
• Jagiellonian Dynasty (1386–1572 and 1575–1586)
• Valois Dynasty (1573–1574)
• House of Báthory (1576–1586)
• House of Vasa (1587–1668)
• House of Wiśniowiecki (1669–1673)
• House of Sobieski (1674–1696)
• Wettin Dynasty (1697–1706, 1709–1733 and 1736–1764)
• House of Leszczyński (1704–1709 and 1733–1736)
• House of Poniatowski (1764–1795)

Portugal

County of Portugal

• House of Vímara Peres (868–1071)
• Portuguese House of Burgundy (1093–1139)

Kingdom of Portugal

• Portuguese House of Burgundy or Afonsine Dynasty (1139–1383)
• House of Aviz or Joannine Dynasty (1385–1580)
  • Aviz (diret) (1385-1495)
  • Aviz-Beja (1495-1580)
• House of Habsburg or Philippine Dynasty (1581–1640)
• House of Braganza or Brigantine Dynasty (1640–1910)
  • Braganza (direct) (1640-1853)
  • Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1853-1910)

Western Roman Empire

• Julio-Claudian Dynasty (27 BC – AD 68)
• Flavian Dynasty (69–96)
• Nervan-Antonian Dynasty (96–192)
• Severan Dynasty (193–235)
• Constantinian dynasty (303–363)
• Valentinian Dynasty (364–457)
  • House of Theodosius from 379—476

Romania

Moldavia

• House of Dragoș (1345–1364)
• House of Bogdan-Mușat
• Movilești
• House of Drăculești
• House of Rossetti
• Ghica family
• Cantacuzino family
• Cantemirești
• Racoviță
• Mavrocordatos family
• Ypsilantis
• Soutzos family
• Mourousis family
• House of Cuza

Wallachia

• House of Basarab
• House of Bogdan-Mușat
• Movilești
• House of Drăculești
• House of Rossetti
• Ghica family
• Cantacuzino family
• Cantemirești
• Racoviță
• Mavrocordatos family
• Ypsilantis
• Soutzos family
• Mourousis family
• House of Cuza

After the Unification

• House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1866–1947)

Russia

• Rurik dynasty (862–1598, 1606–1610)
• Romanov dynasty (1613–1762)
• House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov, called Romanov (1762–1917)

Serbia

• Vlastimirović dynasty (610–960)
• Vojislavljević dynasty (1034–1186)
• Vukanović dynasty (1083–1166)
• Nemanjić dynasty (1166–1371)
• Lazarević dynasty (1371–1427)
• Branković dynasty (1427–1502)
• Karađorđević dynasty (1811–13, 1842–58 and 1903–41)
• Obrenović dynasty (1815–42 and 1858–1903)

Spain

Aragon

• Jiménez Dynasty (1035–1162)
• House of Barcelona (1162–1410)
• House of Trastámara (1412–1516)

Asturias

• Astur-Leonese dynasty (718–925)

Barcelona

• House of Barcelona (878–1410)
• House of Trastámara (1412–1516)

Castile

• House of Lara (930–1032), counts
• Jiménez Dynasty (1035–1126), kings
• Anscarids (House of Ivrea) (1126–1369)
• House of Trastámara (1369–1516)

León

• Astur-Leonese dynasty (910–1037)
• Jiménez Dynasty (1037–1126)
• Anscarids (House of Ivrea) (1126–1369)
• House of Trastámara (1369–1516)

Navarre

• House of Íñiguez (824–905)
• Jiménez Dynasty (905–1234)
• House of Champagne (1234–1305)
• House of Capet (1284–1349)
• House of Évreux (1328–1441)
• House of Trastámara (1425–1479)
• House of Foix (1479–1516)
• House of Albret (1483–1572)
• House of Bourbon (1572–1620)

After the Unification (1516)

• House of Habsburg (1516–1700)
• House of Bourbon (1700–1808, 1813–1868, 1874–1931, and 1975 to the present)
• House of Bonaparte (1808–1813)
• House of Savoy (1870–1873)

Sweden

• House of Uppsala (970–1060)
• House of Stenkil (1060–1130)
• House of Sverker (1130–1222), interspersed with House of Eric
• House of Eric (1156–1250), interspersed with House of Sverker
• House of Bjälbo or Folkung Dynasty (1248–1387)
• House of Vasa (1521–1654)
• House of Wittelsbach, Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Kleeburg (1654–1720)
• House of Hesse (1720–1751)
• House of Holstein-Gottorp (1751–1818)
• House of Bernadotte (1818 to the present)

Turkey

• Seljuq Dynasty (1077–1307)
• Ottoman Dynasty (1281–1923)

Two Sicilies

Sicily

• House of Hauteville (1071–1198), counts until 1130
• House of Hohenstaufen (1194–1266)
• House of Capet, House of Anjou (1266–1282)
• House of Barcelona (1282–1410)
• House of Trastámara (1412–1516)
• House of Habsburg (1516–1700 and 1720–1735)
• House of Bourbon (1700–1713)
• House of Savoy (17131720)
• House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1735–1861)

Ukraine

• Rurik dynasty (890-1349)
• Khmelnytsky (1648–1663, 1678–1681)
• Skoropadsky (1708–1722, 1918)

British Isles

England

• House of Wessex (802–1016 and 1042–1066)
• House of Denmark (1013–1014 and 1016–1042)
• Norman Dynasty (1066–1154)
• House of Plantagenet (1154–1485)
  • House of Anjou (1154–1215)
  • House of Lancaster (1399–1461 and 1470–1471) (Throne merged with Irish)
  • House of York (1461–1470 and 1471–1485)
• House of Tudor (1485–1603) (Throne merged with Scottish)

Wales

• House of Manaw ('Men of the North', Rhodri the Great)
  • House of Aberffraw of Gwynedd and Wales, c. 878 – 1282, Conquered by Edward I of England 1282, Annexed into England with Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542
  • House of Dinefwr of Deheubarth, c. 878 – 1216, mediatized into Gwynedd and Wales under Llywelyn I
    • House of Mathrafal of Powys
• House of Morgannwg

Ireland

• De'voy
• Crowley
• Burke
• Clanricarde
• House of Plantagenet (1154–1485)
  • Angevin kings of England (1154–1215)
  • House of Lancaster (1399–1461 and 1470–1471) (Throne merged with English)

Scotland

• House of Alpin (843–1034)
• House of Dunkeld (1034–1040, 1058–1286)
• House of Moray (1040–1058)
• House of Baliol (1292–1296) (see Belgium, Flanders)
• House of Plantagenet
• House of Bruce (1306–1371)
• House of Stuart (1371–1603) (Throne merged with English)

Kingdoms after the Union of the Crowns (1603–1707)

The crown of the Kingdom of England and Ireland merged with that of the Kingdom of Scotland to form a personal union between England-Ireland and Scotland (the former a personal union itself)

• House of Stuart (1603–1707)

Personal union between Great Britain and Ireland (1707–1801)

• House of Stuart (1707–1714)
• House of Hanover (1714–1801)

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1921)

• House of Hanover (1801–1901)
• House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1901–1917)
• House of Windsor (1917–1921)

Personal union of the UK [of GB and NI] and several other Irish states (1921–1949)

• House of Windsor (1921–1949)

UK [of GB and NI] (without the personal union with Ireland) (1949–present)

• House of Windsor (1949–present)

North America

• Powhatan Chiefdom (?-1646)
• Sachem (?-1676)
• Iroquois Confederacy (1142–present)
• Hunkpapa Seven council fires (?-1872)

Mexico

• Pre-Columbian Americas
  • Tlatoani Toltec Empire (674-1150)
  • Cazonci Tarascan Empire (1300-1530)
  • Tlatoani Tlaxcallan Confederacy (1348-1520)
  • Huetlatoani Aztec Kingdom (1376–1565)
• Post Colonization of the Americas
  • House of Iturbide (1822–1823)
  • House of Habsburg (1864–1867)

Central America

• Cuzcatlan, El Salvador (1054–1528)

Maya States

• Chan Santa Cruz Maya free State of Quintana Roo, Mexico (1850–1893)
• Itza Elite Yucatan, Mexico (600–1697)
• Kan Ek' Nojpetén Itza kingship, Guatemala (700–1697)
• K'iche' Kingdom of Q'umarkaj, Guatemala (1225–1524)
• Palenque B'aak dynasty Chiapas, Mexico(967 BCE – 799 CE)
• Siyaj K'ak' dynasties Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras (378–869)

South America

Peru

• Hurin dynasty (1197 – c. 1350), ruling dynasty of earlier Kingdom of Cusco
• Haran dynasty (c. 1350–1572), ruling dynasty of later Kingdom of Cusco, Inca Empire and Neo-Inca State

Brazil

• House of Braganza (1822–1889)
• House of Orléans-Braganza (1864 to the present)

Chile

• Tounes dynasty, kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia with the chiefdoms of Mapuche Nation (1860–1862)

Caribbean

Haiti

• Cacique Taino Nation Caribbean islands (?-1510)
• Dessalines Dynasty (1804–1806)
• Christophe Dynasty (1811–1820)
• Soulouque Dynasty (1849–1859)

Oceania

Hawaii

• Kingdom of Hawaii (1795–1810)
  • Kamehameha Dynasty (c. 1795 – 1872)
  • Kalākaua Dynasty (c. 1874 – 1893)
  • Kawānanakoa Dynasty (Deposed, 1893 – Present)

New Zealand Māori

• Te Wherowhero Dynasty (1856 to the present)

Tahiti

• Pōmare Dynasty (1788–1880)

Tonga

• Tu'i Tonga Dynasty (c. 900–1865)
• Tupou Dynasty (1875 to the present)

Political families in republics

Main article: List of political families

Though in elected governments, rule does not pass automatically by inheritance, political power often accrues to generations of related individuals in republics. Eminence, influence, tradition, genetics, and nepotism may contribute to the phenomenon.

Family dictatorships are a different concept in which political power passes within a family because of the overwhelming authority of the leader, rather than informal power accrued to the family.

Some political dynasties:

• Ziaur Rahman's and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's families (Bangladesh)
• Aung San Suu Kyi's family (Burma)
• The Medici family (Republic of Florence)
• The Nehru-Gandhi family (India)
• The Sukarnos (Indonesia)
• The Koirala family (Nepal)
• The Somoza family (Nicaragua)
• The Jinnah family (Pakistan and India)
• The Bhutto family (Pakistan)
• The Sharif family (Pakistan)
• The Macapagal family (Philippines)
• The Aquino family (Philippines)
• The Estrada family (Philippines)
• The Marcos family (Philippines)
• Lee Kuan Yew's family (Singapore)
• Solomon Bandaranaike's family (Sri Lanka)
• The Churchills/Dukes of Marlborough (UK)
• The Adamses (United States)
• The Bushes (United States)
• The Clintons (United States)
• The Cuomos (United States)
• The Harrisons (United States)
• The Kennedys (United States)
• The Lees (United States)
• The Longs (United States)
• The Roosevelts (United States)
• The Tafts (United States)
• The Udalls (United States)

Influential/wealthy families

• The Agnelli family (Italy)
• The Anheuser family (United States)
• The Arison family (United States)
• The Astor family (United States and United Kingdom)
• The Bamford family (United Kingdom)
• The Bacardi family (Cuba and United States)
• The Bancroft family (United States)
• The Baring family (United Kingdom)
• The Bazalgette family (United Kingdom)
• The Berenberg-Gossler-Seyler family (Germany)
• The Botín family (Spain)
• The Bonnier family (Sweden)
• The Bronfman family (Canada)
• The Bulgari family (Italy)
• The Burke family (Ireland and United Kingdom)
• The Busch family (United States)
• The Cabot family (United States)
• The Cadbury family (United Kingdom)
• The Carnegie family (United States)
• The Cholmondeley family (United Kingdom)
• The Churchill family (United Kingdom)
• The Conran family (United Kingdom)
• The Curzon family (United Kingdom)
• The Darwin–Wedgwood family (United Kingdom)
• The Disney family (United States)
• The Du Pont family (United States)
• The Egerton family (United Kingdom)
• The Fabergé family (Russia and United Kingdom)
• The Fleming family (United Kingdom)
• The Florio family (Italy)
• The Forbes family (United States)
• The Forbes family (publishers) (United States)
• The Ford family (United States)
• The Forte family (United Kingdom)
• The Freud family (Austria and United Kingdom)
• The Fugger family (Germany)
• The Getty family (United States)
• The Goldsmith family (Sweden and United Kingdom)
• The Gough-Calthorpe family (United Kingdom)
• The Grosvenor family (United Kingdom)
• The Guggenheim family (United States)
• The Guinness family (Ireland)
• The Gyllenhaal family (Sweden and United States)
• The Hearst family (United States)
• The Heinz Family (United States)
• The Hilton family (United States)
• The Howard family (United Kingdom)
• The Kennedy family (United States)
• The Keswick family (East Asia and United Kingdom)
• The Kim family (North Korea)
• The Krupp family (Germany)
• The Lee family (United States)
• The Lehman family (United States)
• The Li family (East Asia)
• The Livingston family (United States)
• The Louis-Dreyfus family (France and United States)
• The McCormick family (United States)
• The Medici family (Italy)
• The Mellon family (United States)
• The Mendelssohn family (Europe)
• The Mittal family (United Kingdom and India)
• The Montefiore family (Morocco, Italy and United Kingdom)
• The Morgan family (United States)
• The Murdoch family (Australia and United States)
• The Newhouse family (United States)
• The Oppenheimer family (South Africa)
• The Packer Family (Australia)
• The Pattison family (Canada)
• The Peugeot family (France)
• The Porsche family (Austria)
• The Premji family (India)
• The Pritzker family (United States)
• The Rausing family (Sweden and United Kingdom)
• The Roosevelt family (United States)
• The Rothschild family (France and United Kingdom)
• The Rockefeller family (United States)
• The Rupert family (South Africa)
• The Sainsbury family (United Kingdom)
• The Sassoon family (Iraq, India, China and United Kingdom)
• The Sawiris family (Egypt)
• The Schröder family (United Kingdom)
• The Shinawatra family (Thailand)
• The Spencer family (United Kingdom)
• The Stroganov family (Russia and Eastern Europe)
• The Sulzberger family (United States)
• The Swire family (East Asia and United Kingdom)
• The Taft family (United States)
• The Taittinger family (France)
• The Tata family (India)
• The Thomson family (Canada)
• The Thyssen family (Germany)
• The Tjin-A-Djie family (Suriname)
• The Tolstoy family (Russia and United Kingdom)
• The Toyoda family (Japan)
• The Trump family (United States)
• The Vanderbilt family (United States)
• The Villiers family (United Kingdom)
• The Wallenberg family (Sweden)
• The Walton family (United States)
• The Warburg family (United States)
• The Welser family (Germany)
• The Whitney family (United States)
• The Wittgenstein family (Austria)
• The Zobel de Ayala family (Philippines)

See also

• List of Muslim empires and dynasties
• List of noble houses
• Family seat
• Royal intermarriage