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Sydenham, London

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This article is about the suburb in London, England. For other uses, see Sydenham, London (disambiguation).

Sydenham
Sydenham Avenue
Population28,378 (SE26 postcode area)[1]
OS grid referenceTQ352714
London borough
Ceremonial countyGreater London
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townLONDON
Postcode districtSE26
Dialling code020
PoliceMetropolitan
FireLondon
AmbulanceLondon
UK Parliament
London Assembly
Websitehttp://sydenham.org.uk/
List of places
UK
England
London

Sydenham (/ˈsɪdnəm/) is a suburban district of south London in the London Boroughs of Lewisham, Bromley and Southwark. Sydenham was located in Kent until 1889 when the County of London was formed, additionally, in 1965 Sydenham became part of the current London Boroughs. The area was one of the first in southern England to have a railway station, opening 1839 by the London and Croydon Railway. Sydenham is the location where the Crystal Palace from the Great Exhibition was relocated in 1854. Today Sydenham is a diverse suburb with a population of 28,378 in 2011[1]

History

A map showing the Sydenham ward of Lewisham Metropolitan Borough as it appeared in 1916.

Originally known as Shippenham,[2] Sydenham began as a small settlement, a few cottages among the woods, whose inhabitants grazed their animals and collected wood. In the 1640s, springs of water in what is now Wells Park were discovered to have medicinal properties, attracting crowds of people to the area. Sydenham grew rapidly in the 19th century after the introduction of the Croydon Canal in 1809 which linked the Grand Surrey Canal to Croydon and a reservoir was constructed in Sydenham. However, the canal was never successful and closed in 1836[3] resulting in it being the first canal to be abandoned by an Act of Parliament. The London & Croydon Railway purchased the canal for £40,250 and quickly converted the alignment for a railway from London Bridge to West Croydon, opening in 1839. After the railway opened potential gas companies began to consider the Sydenham area with the Crystal Palace and District Gas Company having works at Bell Green, which continued production until 1969; a retail park now occupies most of the site.

The Crystal Palace

In 1851 the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park was housed in an immense glass building, called the Crystal Palace. In 1854 the building was bought by a private company, dismantled and re-erected in Sydenham Park (now called Crystal Palace Park). Exhibitions, concerts, conferences and sporting events were held at the Crystal Palace (until it burned down in 1936), and Sydenham became a fashionable area; many new houses were built. In 1872, the Children's Hospital, Sydenham opened. It closed in 1991, its services being now part of the University Hospital Lewisham.[4]

A railway station, Upper Sydenham opened in 1884 and closed in 1954, with temporary closings in between. The station opened by the London, Chatham and Dover Railway had direct trains to Crystal Palace and London Victoria.[5] The station and the line were poorly used despite new houses being built in the area, as passengers preferred to use other stations near-by Sydenham Hill (opening in 1863), Crystal Palace (Lower Level) and Sydenham which were on more direct routes. The ill fate of the Crystal Palace in 1936 saw patronage reduced and the route finally closed in 1954.

Sydenham was attacked by enemies during the Second World War. The gas works were a target, but were never damaged. The railway which ran through Upper Sydenham station was damaged, and some homes in the area were destroyed.

Local area

Sydenham is divided into many localities:

Apartment building on Sydenham Hill, SE26

Sydenham Hill in the Boroughs of Lewisham and Southwark runs alongside Dulwich and Sydenham Woods on one of the highest points of Greater London being 112 metres above sea level.[6] From here, the City of London skyline is visible. Sydenham Hill has an abandoned railway tunnel from the Crystal Palace and South London Junction Railway located within the Woods. Another railway tunnel (one of the longest in Britain being 1,958 metres) goes beneath on the Chatham Main Line with Sydenham Hill station at the London end serving both Sydenham Hill and the College area of Dulwich.

Upper Sydenham is also located on Sydenham Hill and is a part of the Parish of St Bartholomew. It is diverse both racially and in terms of income; the central section of Kirkdale was Sydenham's original High Street. Renamed "Kirkdale" in 1936, the area now has a small range of shops including Costcutter, Tesco Express, local pubs and off-licences. Sydenham School is located on Dartmouth Road with Forest Hill Library and Forest Hill Pools alongside Thorpewood Avenue. Green Flag awarded Sydenham Wells Park, the location of the once famous Springs is one of the largest parks within the postcode. Upper Sydenham is also the location of the Sydenham Park allotments, the Sydenham electricity sub station which had a major fire in 2008[7] and the Sydenham Hill estate.

Lower Sydenham & Bell Green is the location of Sydenham Community Library which was recently reopened by the local community after Lewisham council closed it. The Bell Green regeneration project is in its second phase with a new retail park which opened in 2013, on a site which was formally a gas works. A Currys PC World, B&Q [8][9] Toys "R" Us, Pets at Home and Sports Direct have opened. Next opened in May 2014 as well as the Costa Coffee inside it, while McDonald's opened in August 2014.[10] Sainsbury's had already opened its large store on one part of the site in the 1990s as part of the Savacentre brand, additionally new residential apartments have also been constructed. The rest of the development will be a business park. The Bridge Leisure Centre is located on Kangley Bridge Road and Mayow Park is on the border with Forest Hill. Alongside the Hayes railway line and Lower Sydenham station, Lower Sydenham industrial estate houses the Clarkes of London coach company, City Link Beckenham and many other businesses as well as the Beckenham and Sydenham Cricket Ground.

Commercial area

Sydenham Road also known as Sydenham High Street houses many independent stores including bookshops, off-licences and a bakery. Chain stores include The Co-operative Food, Subway, Lidl, Tesco Express and Superdrug. For banking, Barclays, Natwest, Lloyds Bank and Santander all have branches there. The Post Office, Ladbrokes and Mercedes-Benz[11] all have units on Sydenham Road.

Community

Sydenham has a very active community, with several groups concerning the local area. Sydenham Town is the local website for the suburb, where residents can also voice their opinions in an on-line form.[12] The Sydenham Society is a Civil society formed in 1972 to represent the local community. It holds local events, works with organisations and authorities as well as campaigning for improvements to the area.[13] Green Flag and Mayor of London Award winner, Sydenham Garden, was formed in 2002. It is a charity which is involved in improving the health of residents in the boroughs of Bromley and Lewisham.[14]

Sydenham with Forest Hill won a bid for the national Portas Pilot competition which provided a grant to improve high streets, extra money was provided from Lewisham Council and private developers.[15] Annually every summer since 2009, the Sydenham Arts Festival is held, where there are workshops, music, family activities etc.[16]

Conservation areas

Mayow Park was originally known as Sydenham Recreational Ground

Sydenham has seven Conservation Areas: Cobbs Corner, Dulwich Village (covering Crescent Wood Road),[17] Halifax Street, Sydenham Hill/Kirkdale, Sydenham Park and Sydenham Thorpes. Sydenham has the highest concentration of conservation areas in the London Borough of Lewisham[18]

Recreation

A number of parks are within the Sydenham postcode. Mayow Park, Lewisham's oldest municipal park[19] and Sydenham Wells Park[20] are both Green Flag Awarded. Other open spaces in Sydenham include Alexandra Recreation Ground,[21] Baxters Field,[22] Home Park[23] and Kirkdale Green.[24] Riverview Walk is a nature conservation area[25] which runs along the River Ravensbourne from Catford. Additionally, located along the borders of Sydenham, there are Crystal Palace Park, Dulwich Woods, Southend Park[26] and Sydenham Hill Woods.

Sydenham Arts

Sydenham Arts is a local charitable organisation, [27] promoting the arts for the local community, which provides free and ticketed cultural events at several festivals through the year.[28][29] [30]

Notable buildings and structures

Drinking fountain erected to commemorate the 1897 Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria
  • Sydenham is the home of St Bartholomew's church, (1827–1832), at the end of Lawrie Park Avenue, featured in Camille Pissarro's painting of 1871. The building was designed by Lewis Vulliamy.
  • Park Court Sydenham, (1936), by Frederick Gibberd, pioneering modernist development of residential flats on the estate on Lawrie Park Road adjacent to the famous Crystal Palace Park.
  • Six Pillars, (1934–35), by Berthold Lubetkin, on Crescent Wood Road, a villa strongly in the spirit of Le Corbusier with eponymous six pillars at street level.
  • Cobbs Corner, takes its name from a draper’s shop at 291-307 Kirkdale run by Walter Cobb. The shop grew into a large department store catering to the gentry of the area. Interesting imposing dome where you can find the date on the building.
  • 180 and 182 Kirkdale, built in the 1850s in Gothic style, with Tudor doorcases.
  • 168–178 Kirkdale, three pairs of Italianate houses built around 1862. Number 174 was briefly the home of the conductor August Manns.
  • Memorial to Queen Victoria (1897), baroque-style memorial celebrating Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee. Restored for Queen Elizabeth II’s Silver Jubilee and designed by Alexander Hennell, a Sydenham resident and architect.
  • Jews Walk, it is believed that a wealthy Jewish resident planted a row of trees to define the boundary of his walk from the Common. Numbers 2,4 and 6 are classical villas dating from the 1840s. Karl Marx's daughter Eleanor lived on Jews Walk. On 9 September 2008 a blue English Heritage plaque was placed on the house to commemorate this fact.
  • Halifax Street, beautifully preserved street with houses dating from the 1840s. Of notice are in particular the closeness of the houses, the length of the street and the size of the gardens.
  • The Kirkdale Building, previously the Sydenham Public Lecture Hall, was built in 1861 by Sydenham resident Henry Dawson.

Education

Sydenham contains two secondary schools, the private Sydenham High School and Sydenham School. Both of these schools are exclusively girls' schools.

There are five are non-religious primary schools in Sydenham (Alexandra, Adamsrill, Eliot Bank, Haseltine and Kelvin Grove) and three religious schools (St. Michael's, St Philip Neri and St. Bartholomew's Church of England). Near Sydenham are secondary schools which include residents of Sydenham in their catchment area. These include Forest Hill, Harris Crystal Palace, Harris Girls Academy Bromley(Cator Park) for Girls and Sedgehill Schools. There are no colleges in Sydenham, but Sydenham and Forest Hill schools have a joint sixth form.

Population

According to the 2011 census, the SE26 postcode area had a population of 28,378, with 13,714 males and 14,664 females.[1]

Famous residents

Transport

Southern and London Overground trains at Sydenham

Sydenham is served by National Rail and London Buses for its public transport. Sydenham is located in Travelcard Zones 3 and 4.

Railway stations

Buses

The area is served by routes 75, 122, 176, 181, 194, 197, 202, 227, 352, 356, 363, 450 and N63 linking Sydenham to Central London, Lewisham, Catford, Croydon, Bromley, Shirley, Elephant & Castle, Blackheath, Forest Hill, Penge, South Norwood and Grove Park.[35][36][37][38]

Roads

The South Circular Road passes close by in Forest Hill. High Street improvements being funded by Transport for London from September 2012 are making the increasingly busy Sydenham Road (A212) more user friendly. So far, Kirkdale to Mayow Road has been completed, with Mayow Road to Kent House Road currently, as of December 2013, being upgraded. The Kent House Road to Bell Green section is still waiting for funding to be found.[39]

Geography

The River Pool at Lower Sydenham

Sydenham is approximately 7 miles (11 kilometres) to the south east of Charing Cross. It is also at the centre of many of south London's major shopping districts being 3 mi (5 km) south of Lewisham, 3.2 mi (5.1 km) north west of Bromley and 3+1⁄2 mi (5.6 km) north of Croydon.

Upper Sydenham and Sydenham Hill is located on the large Norwood Ridge formed of London Claygate beds deposits; Sydenham Hill is one of the highest points in London at 367 feet (112 m). Sydenham Hill Wood is a nine-hectare[40] nature reserve located west of Sydenham Hill Road, along with Dulwich and Sydenham Hill Golf course. The hill was once covered by the Great North Wood which covered all of Sydenham, Norwood, Woodside, Gipsy Hill etc. In the 19th Century it was home to the spa and health resort of Sydenham Wells.

The western parts of Sydenham, from Upper Sydenham and Forest Hill towards Crystal Palace Park is a more leafy, suburban area with some parts like the Lawrie Park and Thorpes areas being more affluent than others. Lower Sydenham at the bottom of more gentle slops being east of Upper Sydenham, south of Forest Hill and west of Bellingham. The River Pool, a 5.1 mi (8.2 km) tributary of the River Ravensbourne straddles the east of Lower Sydenham along the Hayes railway line.

Climate

The nearest Met Office climate station is based in Greenwich Park:

Climate data for London (LHR),[note 1] elevation: 25 m (82 ft), 1991–2020 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.2
(63.0) 		21.2
(70.2) 		24.5
(76.1) 		29.4
(84.9) 		32.8
(91.0) 		35.6
(96.1) 		40.2
(104.4) 		38.1
(100.6) 		35.0
(95.0) 		29.5
(85.1) 		21.1
(70.0) 		17.4
(63.3) 		40.2
(104.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 8.4
(47.1) 		9.0
(48.2) 		11.7
(53.1) 		15.0
(59.0) 		18.4
(65.1) 		21.6
(70.9) 		23.9
(75.0) 		23.4
(74.1) 		20.2
(68.4) 		15.8
(60.4) 		11.5
(52.7) 		8.8
(47.8) 		15.7
(60.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.6
(42.1) 		5.8
(42.4) 		7.9
(46.2) 		10.5
(50.9) 		13.7
(56.7) 		16.8
(62.2) 		19.0
(66.2) 		18.7
(65.7) 		15.9
(60.6) 		12.3
(54.1) 		8.4
(47.1) 		5.9
(42.6) 		11.7
(53.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.7
(36.9) 		2.7
(36.9) 		4.1
(39.4) 		6.0
(42.8) 		9.1
(48.4) 		12.0
(53.6) 		14.2
(57.6) 		14.1
(57.4) 		11.6
(52.9) 		8.8
(47.8) 		5.3
(41.5) 		3.1
(37.6) 		7.8
(46.0)
Record low °C (°F) −16.1
(3.0) 		−13.9
(7.0) 		−8.9
(16.0) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		−3.1
(26.4) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		3.9
(39.0) 		2.1
(35.8) 		1.4
(34.5) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		−7.1
(19.2) 		−17.4
(0.7) 		−17.4
(0.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 58.8
(2.31) 		45.0
(1.77) 		38.8
(1.53) 		42.3
(1.67) 		45.9
(1.81) 		47.3
(1.86) 		45.8
(1.80) 		52.8
(2.08) 		49.6
(1.95) 		65.1
(2.56) 		66.6
(2.62) 		57.1
(2.25) 		615.0
(24.21)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 11.5 9.5 8.5 8.8 8.0 8.3 7.9 8.4 7.9 10.8 11.2 10.8 111.7
Average relative humidity (%) 80 77 70 65 67 65 65 69 73 78 81 81 73
Average dew point °C (°F) 3
(37) 		2
(36) 		2
(36) 		4
(39) 		7
(45) 		10
(50) 		12
(54) 		12
(54) 		10
(50) 		9
(48) 		6
(43) 		3
(37) 		7
(44)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 61.1 78.8 124.5 176.7 207.5 208.4 217.8 202.1 157.1 115.2 70.7 55.0 1,674.8
Percent possible sunshine 23 28 31 40 41 41 42 45 40 35 27 21 35
Average ultraviolet index 1 1 2 4 5 6 6 5 4 2 1 0 3
Source 1: Met Office[41][42][43] Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute[44][45]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (percent sunshine and UV Index)[46] CEDA Archive[47] TORRO[48] Time and Date[49]

See Climate of London for additional climate information.

  1. ^ Averages are taken from Heathrow, and extremes are taken from stations across London.


Location

Trivia

The Beast of Sydenham of 2005, was a large, panther-like black animal, named Arak, which had been spotted around the area, and attacked a man. The beast was said to be 6 ft in length and 3 ft in height.[50][51] According to The Literary Miscellany, "John Hussey of Sydenham diead in 1748 at the age of 116 years. For upwards of fifty years his breakfast had been balm-tea (lemon balm) sweetened with honey; and his dinner had been pudding; by which he aquired regular health".

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Population for every postcode in England & Wales". ONS. Office of National Statistics. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
  2. ^ "History of Sydenham". Ideal Homes: A History of South East London Suburbs. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  3. ^ Hadfield 1969, p. 374
  4. ^ http://www.ezits.myzen.co.uk/childrensydenham.html
  5. ^ Butt, R.V.J. (1995). The Directory of Railway Stations. Yeovil: Patrick Stephens Ltd. p. 237. ISBN 1-85260-508-1. R508. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  6. ^ Hill Bagging: Tallest Hills of London Retrieved 9 June 2013
  7. ^ BBC News: Blaze at sub-station investigated Retrieved 9 June 2013
  8. ^ Currys: Sydenham Store Accessed 30 July 2013
  9. ^ B&Q: Sydenham Store Accessed 7 September 2013
  10. ^ DTZ: Sydenham, Bell Green Retail Park Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  11. ^ SG Smith: Sydenham Accessed 30 July 2013
  12. ^ Sydenham Town: The Community Website For SE26 Accessed 30 July 2013
  13. ^ Sydenham Society: About Us Accessed 30 July 2013
  14. ^ Sydenham Garden: About Us Accessed 30 July 2013
  15. ^ News Shopper: Sydenham and Forest Hill win Portas Pilot funding 25 July 2012, Accessed 30 July 2013
  16. ^ Sydenham Arts Festival Accessed 30 July 2013
  17. ^ London Borough of Southwark: Map of Conservation Areas Accessed 30 July 2013
  18. ^ LB Lewisham: Map of Lewishams' conservation areas Accessed 30 July 2013
  19. ^ LB Lewisham Accessed 12 June 2013
  20. ^ LB Lewisham: Sydenham Wells Park Accessed 12 June 2013
  21. ^ LB Bromley: Alexandra Rec Ground Accessed 27 July 2013
  22. ^ including an extensive visual art trail, .uk/inmyarea/openspaces/parks/Pages/baxters-field.aspx LB Lewisham: Baxters Field Accessed 12 June 2013
  23. ^ LB Lewisham: Home Park Accessed 12 June 2013
  24. ^ LB: Lewisham Kirkdale Green Accessed 27 July 2013
  25. ^ London Borough of Lewisham: Riverview Park & River Pool Accessed 12 June 2013
  26. ^ LB Lewisham: Southend Park Accessed 12 June 2013
  27. ^ Team London on Sydenham Arts Accessed 14 March 2016
  28. ^ Sydenham Arts Accessed 11 March 2016
  29. ^ Sydenham Visual Art Trail Accessed 11 March 2016
  30. ^ Event Reviewed by The Arts Desk Accessed 18 April 2016
  31. ^ http://sydenham.org.uk/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1483
  32. ^ Lewis, C.T. Courtney. George Baxter (colour printer) his life and work. p. 72. https://archive.org/stream/georgebaxtercol00lewigoog#page/n212/mode/2up
  33. ^ "how I wrote The Remains of the Day in four weeks". Guardian piece by Ishiguro. 6 December 2014.
  34. ^ Station Usage, Office Of Rail Regulation Accessed 30 July 2013
  35. ^ TfL: Buses from Sydenham Accessed 30 July 2013
  36. ^ TfL: Buses from Sydenham Hill Accessed 30 July 2013
  37. ^ TfL: Buses from Lower Sydenham Accessed 30 July 2013
  38. ^ TfL: Buses from Upper Sydenham Accessed 30 July 2013
  39. ^ London Borough of Lewisham: Sydenham High Street Accessed 12 June 2013
  40. ^ Evans, Humphrey (28 December 2003). "Secret London: Sydenham Hill - The view from the bridge". The Independent on Sunday. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
  41. ^ "London Heathrow Airport". Met Office. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  42. ^ "Station Data". Met Office. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  43. ^ "UK Climate Extremes". Met Office. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  44. ^ "Heathrow Airport Extreme Values". KNMI. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
  45. ^ "Heathrow 1981–2010 mean maximum and minimum values". KNMI. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  46. ^ "London, United Kingdom – Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  47. ^ "MIDAS Open: UK daily temperature data, v202007". CEDA Archive. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  48. ^ "Maximum temperature date records". TORRO. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  49. ^ "Climate & Weather Averages in London, England, United Kingdom". Time and Date. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  50. ^ "'Big cat' attacks man in garden". BBC News. 20 March 2005. Retrieved 28 January 2007.
  51. ^ Barkham, Patrick (25 March 2005). "Fear stalks the streets of Sydenham after resident is attacked by a black cat the size of a labrador". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 January 2007.

http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/news/5078068.SYDENHAM__Kelly_Brook_and_Billy_Zane_s_former_home_for_sale/?action=complain&cid=8408950

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