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Sydney Airport

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by YSSYguy (talk | contribs) at 21:32, 16 October 2016 (Undid revision 744684085 by 124.190.44.75 (talk)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For other uses, see Sydney Airport (disambiguation).

Sydney Kingsford Smith Airport
Summary
Airport typePublic
OwnerLeased Commonwealth Airport
OperatorSydney Airport Corporation Limited
ServesSydney
LocationMascot, New South Wales, Australia
Hub for
Elevation AMSL21 ft / 6 m
Websitesydneyairport.com.au
Map
SYD is located in Sydney
SYD
SYD
Location within Sydney
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
07/25 2,530 8,301 Asphalt
16L/34R 2,438 7,999 Asphalt
16R/34L 3,962 12,999 Asphalt
Statistics
Passengers (2014-2015)39,656,000 [1]
Aircraft movements (2013-2014)327,190[3]
Airfreight in tonnes (2012)444,419[2]
Economic & social impacts (2012)$13.2 billion & 146 thousand[4]
Source: AIP[5]
Passenger and aircraft movements from the Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics[2]

Sydney (Kingsford Smith) Airport[6] (colloquially Mascot Airport, Kingsford Smith Airport, or Sydney Airport; IATA: SYD, ICAO: YSSY; ASX: SYD) is an international airport located 8 km (5 mi) south of Sydney city centre, in the suburb of Mascot. It is the primary airport serving Sydney, and is a primary hub for Qantas, as well as a secondary hub for Virgin Australia and Jetstar Airways. Situated next to Botany Bay, the airport has three runways, colloquially known as the east–west, north–south and third runways.

Sydney Airport is both the longest continuously operated commercial airport and oldest commercial international airport in the world,[7] the world's oldest continually operating commercial airport,[8] and the busiest airport in Australia, handling 35,630,549 passengers in 2011[9] and 326,686 aircraft movements in 2013.[10] It was the 38th busiest airport in the world in 2015. The airport is managed by Sydney Airport Corporation Limited (SACL) and the current CEO is Kerrie Mather. Currently 46 domestic and 43 international destinations are served to Sydney directly.

History

See also: Mascot, New South Wales § History

1911–30: Early history

The land used for the airport had been a bullock paddock.[11] Nigel Love, a former wartime pilot, was looking into the possibilities for aviation in Australia. He was interested in establishing the nation's first aircraft manufacturing company. This idea required him to establish a factory and an aerodrome close to the city. His search for a potential site eventually led him to a real estate office in Sydney which was aware of some land owned by the Kensington Race Club (that was kept as a hedge against losing its government-owned site at Randwick). It had been used by a local abattoir, which was closing down, to graze sheep and cattle. [citation needed] This land appealed to Love, the surface was perfectly flat and was covered with a pasture of buffalo grass. This grass had been grazed so evenly by the sheep and cattle running on it that it required little to make it serviceable to land aircraft. [citation needed] In addition, the approaches on all four sides had no obstructions, it was bounded by a racecourse, gardens, a river and Botany Bay.

Love established Mascot as a private concern, leasing 80 hectares (200 acres) from the Kensington Race Club for three years. It initially had a small canvas structure but was later equipped with an imported Richards hangar. The first flight from Mascot was on November 1919 when Love carried freelance movie photographer Billy Marshall up in an Avro. The official opening flight took place on 9 January 1920, also performed by Love.[12]

In 1921, the Commonwealth Government purchased 65 hectares (161 acres) in Mascot for the purpose of creating a public airfield. In 1923, when Love's three-year lease expired, the Mascot land was compulsorily acquired by the Commonwealth Government from the racing club.[11] The first regular flights began in 1924.

1930–60

In 1933 the first gravel runways were built. By 1949 the airport had three runways – the 1,085-metre (3,560 ft) 11/29, the 1,190-metre (3,904 ft) 16/34 and the 1,787-metre (5,863 ft) 04/22. The Sydenham to Botany railway line crossed the latter runway approximately 150 metres (490 ft) from the northern end and was protected by special safeworking facilities.[13] The Cooks River was diverted away from the area in 1947–52 to provide more land for the airport and other small streams were filled. When Mascot was declared an aerodrome in 1920 it was known as Sydney Airport. On 14 August 1936 the airport was renamed Sydney (Kingsford Smith) Airport (Sydney Morning Herald 9 August 1938 p12) in honour of Sir Charles Kingsford Smith, who was a pioneering Australian aviator. Up to the early sixties the majority of Sydney-siders referred to the airport as Mascot. The first paved runway was 07/25 and the next one constructed was 16/34 (now 16R/34L), jutting into Botany Bay, starting in 1959, to accommodate large jets. [citation needed] 07/25 is used mainly by lighter aircraft, although large four engine jet aircraft still periodically land on the runway from the east, when south-westerly winds are blowing in Sydney. 16R is presently the longest operational runway in Australia, with 4,400 m (14,300 ft) paved length and 3,920 m (12,850 ft) between the zebra thresholds.

Modern history

File:YSSY-Aerodrome-Chart.png
Sydney International Airport official aerodrome Chart
KLM DC8 at Gate 2 International Terminal in 1972

By the 1960s, the need for a new international terminal had become apparent, and work commenced in late 1966. Much of the new terminal was designed by Paynter and Dixon Industries.[14] The plans for the design are held by the State Library of New South Wales.[15]

The new terminal was officially opened on 3 May 1970, by HM Queen Elizabeth II. The first Boeing 747 "Jumbo Jet" at the airport, Pan American's Clipper Flying Cloud (N734PA), arrived on 4 October 1970. The east-west runway was then 2,500 m (8,300 ft) long;[16] in the 1970s the north-south runway was expanded to become one of the longest runways in the southern hemisphere. The international terminal was expanded in 1992 [citation needed] and has undergone several refurbishments since then, including one that was completed in early 2000 in order to re-invent the airport in time for the 2000 Olympic Games held in Sydney. The airport additionally underwent another project development that began in 2010 to extend the transit zone which brought new duty free facilities, shops & leisure areas for passengers. [citation needed]

The limitations of having only two runways that crossed each other had become apparent and governments grappled with Sydney's airport capacity for decades; eventually the controversial decision to build a third runway was made. The third runway was parallel to the existing runway 16/34, entirely on reclaimed land from Botany Bay. A proposed new airport on the outskirts of Sydney was shelved in 2004, before being re-examined in 2009–2012 showing that Kingsford Smith airport will not be able to cope by 2030.

Curfew

The "third runway" which the Commonwealth government commenced development of in 1989 and completed in 1994, remained controversial because of increased aircraft movements, especially over many inner suburbs. The 1990s saw the formation of the No Aircraft Noise Party, although it failed to win a parliamentary seat. [citation needed]

In 1995, the Australian Parliament passed the Sydney Airport Curfew Act 1995, which limits the operating hours of the airport. This was done in an effort to curb complaints about aircraft noise. The curfew prevents aircraft from taking off or landing between the hours of 11 pm and 6 am. A limited number of scheduled and approved take-offs and landings are permitted respectively in the "shoulder periods" of 11 pm to midnight and 5 am to 6 am. The Act does not stop all aircraft movements overnight, but limits movements by restricting the types of aircraft that can operate, the runways they can use and the number of flights allowed.[17] During extreme weather, flights are often delayed and it is often the case that people on late flights are unable to travel on a given day. As of 2009, fines for violating curfew have been levied against four airlines, with a maximum fine of $550,000 applicable.[18]

In addition to the curfew, Sydney Airport also has a cap of 80 aircraft movements per hour which cannot be exceeded, leading to increased delays during peak hours.[19]

Expansion

In 2002, the Commonwealth Government sold Sydney Airports Corporation Limited (later renamed Sydney Airport Corporation Limited, SACL), the management authority for the airport, to Southern Cross Airports Corporation Holdings Ltd. 82.93 per cent of SACL is owned by MAp Airports International Limited, a subsidiary of Macquarie Bank, Sydney Airport Intervest GmbH own 12.11 per cent and Ontario Teachers' Australia Trust own 4.96 per cent.[20] SACL holds a 99-year lease on the airport which remains Crown land and as such is categorised as a Leased Federal Airport.[21]

Since the international terminal's original completion, it has undergone two large expansions. One such expansion is underway and will stretch over twenty years (2005–25). This will include an additional high-rise office block, the construction of a multi-level car park, the expansion of both international and domestic terminals. These expansions—and other plans and policies by Macquarie Bank for airport operations—are seen as controversial, as they are performed without the legal oversight of local councils, which usually act as the local planning authority for such developments. As of April 2006, some of the proposed development has been scaled back.[22]

Sydney Airport's International terminal underwent a $500 million renovation that was completed in mid-2010. The upgrade includes a new baggage system, an extra 7,300 m2 (78,577 sq ft) of space for shops and passenger waiting areas and other improvements.[23]

In March 2010, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission released a report sharply critical of price gouging at Sydney airport, ranking it fifth out of five airports. The report noted Sydney Airport recorded the highest average prices at $13.63 per passenger, compared to the lowest of $7.96 at Melbourne Airport, while the price of short-term parking had almost doubled in the 2008–09 financial year, from $28 to $50 for four hours. The report also accused the airport of abusing its monopoly power.[24]

Future

In December 2011, Sydney Airport announced a proposal to divide the airport into two airline-alliance-based precincts; integrating international, domestic and regional services under the one roof by 2019. The current domestic Terminal 2 and Terminal 3 would be used by Qantas, Jetstar and members of the oneworld airline alliance while today's international Terminal 1 would be used by Virgin Australia and its international partners. Other international airlines would continue to operate from T1.[25]

In September 2012, Sydney Airport CEO Kerrie Mather announced the airport had abandoned the proposal to create alliance-based terminals in favour of terminals "based around specific airline requirements and (passenger) transfer flows". She stated the plan was to minimise the number of passengers transferring between terminals.[26] In June 2013 the airport released a draft version of its 2013 Masterplan, which proposes operating domestic and international flights from the same terminals using 'swing gates', along with upgrading Terminal 3 (currently the Qantas domestic terminal) to accommodate the Airbus A380.[27][28]

On 17 February 2014, the Australian Government approved Sydney Airport’s Master Plan 2033,[29] which outlines the airport’s plans to cater for forecast demand of 74 million passengers in 2033. The plan includes Sydney Airport’s first ever integrated ground transport plan.[30]

Terminals

Sydney Airport has three passenger terminals. The International Terminal is separated from the other two by a runway, therefore connecting passengers need to allow for longer transfer times.

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 aerial view

Terminal 1 was opened on 3 May 1970, replacing the old Overseas Passenger Terminal (which was located where Terminal 3 stands now) and has been greatly expanded since then. Today it is known as the International Terminal, located in the airport's north western sector. It has 25 gates (thirteen in concourse B numbered 8–37, and twelve in concourse C numbered 50–63) served by aerobridges. Pier B is used by Qantas, all Oneworld members and all Skyteam members (except Delta). Pier C is used by Virgin Australia and its partners (including Delta) as well as all Star Alliance members There are also a number of remote bays which are heavily utilised during peak periods and for parking of idle aircraft during the day.

The terminal building is split into three levels, one each for arrivals, departures and airline offices. The departure level has 20 rows of check-in desks each with 10 single desks making a total of 200 check-in desks. The terminal hosts eight airline lounges: Two for Qantas, and one each for Etihad Airways, Air New Zealand, Singapore Airlines, Emirates, American Express and SkyTeam. The terminal underwent a major $500 million redevelopment that was completed in 2010, by which the shopping complex was expanded, outbound customs operations were centralised and the floor space of the terminal increased to 254,000 square metres (2,730,000 sq ft).[31] Further renovations began in 2015 with a reconfiguration and decluttering of outbound and inbound duty-free areas, extension of the airside dining areas and installation of Australian Border Force Smart Gates for outbound immigration. These works are due to be complete in 2016.[32]

Terminal 2

Aerial view of Terminals 2 and 3

Terminal 2, located in the airport's north-eastern section, was the former home of Ansett Australia's domestic operations. It features 16 parking bays served by aerobridges and several remote bays for regional aircraft. Today it serves Virgin Australia, Virgin Australia Regional Airlines, Jetstar, Tigerair Australia and Regional Express Airlines. There are lounges for Virgin Australia,Jetstar,Regional Express Airlines and a newly opened lounge for TigerAir flights at the 3 end stands of 2b

Terminal 3

Terminal 3 is a domestic terminal, serving Qantas with QantasLink flights having moved their operations from Terminal 2 to Terminal 3 on 16 August 2013[33][34] Originally, it was home for Trans Australia Airlines (later named Australian Airlines). Like Terminal 2 it is located in the north-eastern section.

The current terminal building is largely the result of extensions designed by Hassell that were completed in 1999. This included construction of a 60-metre roof span above a new column free checkin hall and resulted in extending the terminal footprint to 80,000sqm.[35] There are 14 parking bays served by aerobridges, including two served by dual aerobridges. Terminal 3 features a large Qantas Club lounge, along with a dedicated Business Class and Chairmans lounge. Terminal 3 also has a 'Heritage Collection' located adjacent to gate 13, dedicated to Qantas and including many collections from the airline's 90-plus years of service. It also has a view of the airport's apron and is used commonly by plane-spotters.

Qantas sold its lease of terminal 3, which was due to continue until 2019, back to Sydney Airport for $535 million. This means Sydney Airport resumes operational responsibility of the terminal, including the lucrative retail areas.[36]

Other terminals

Sydney Airport had a fourth passenger terminal, east of Terminal 2. This was formerly known as Domestic Express and was used by Regional Express Airlines; and low-cost carriers Virgin Blue (now known as Virgin Australia) and the now-defunct Impulse Airlines; during the time Terminal 2 was closed following the collapse of Ansett Australia. It is now used by DHL Express and Tasman Cargo Airlines as an office building.

The dedicated Freight Terminal is located north of Terminal 1. It is used for international freight operations, except for Tasman Cargo Airlines' trans-Tasman services. It is also used as overflow parking when all Terminal 1 gates are occupied.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinationsTerminal
Air CanadaToronto-Pearson, Vancouver1
Air ChinaBeijing-Capital, Chengdu (begins 12 November 2016),[37] Shanghai-Pudong1
Air IndiaDelhi1
Air New ZealandAuckland, Christchurch, Norfolk Island, Queenstown, Rarotonga, Wellington1
Air NiuginiPort Moresby1
Air VanuatuPort Vila1
AirAsia XKuala Lumpur–International1
AircalinNouméa1
All Nippon AirwaysTokyo-Haneda1
American AirlinesLos Angeles1
Asiana AirlinesSeoul-Incheon1
British AirwaysLondon-Heathrow, Singapore1
Cathay PacificHong Kong1
Cebu PacificManila1
China AirlinesAuckland, Taipei-Taoyuan
Seasonal: Christchurch		1
China Eastern AirlinesBeijing-Capital, Hangzhou (begins 13 November 2016),[38] Kunming (begins 24 November 2016),[39] Nanjing, Shanghai-Pudong1
China Southern AirlinesGuangzhou, Shenzhen[40] 1
Delta Air LinesLos Angeles1
EmiratesAuckland, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Christchurch, Dubai-International1
Etihad AirwaysAbu Dhabi1
Fiji AirwaysNadi, Suva[41]1
FlyPelicanMudgee,[42] Newcastle[43]2
Garuda IndonesiaDenpasar, Jakarta-Soekarno–Hatta1
Hainan Airlines Changsha,[44] Xi'an1
Hawaiian AirlinesHonolulu1
Japan AirlinesTokyo-Narita1
Jetstar AirwaysAuckland, Christchurch, Gold Coast, Denpasar, Honolulu, Melbourne, Nadi, Phuket, Queenstown1
Jetstar AirwaysAdelaide, Avalon, Ayers Rock,[45] Ballina, Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Gold Coast, Hamilton Island, Hobart, Launceston, Melbourne, Perth, Sunshine Coast, Townsville2
Korean AirSeoul-Incheon1
LATAM ChileAuckland, Santiago de Chile1
Malaysia AirlinesKuala Lumpur–International1
Philippine AirlinesManila1
QantasAuckland, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Beijing-Capital (resumes 25 January 2017),[46] Christchurch, Dallas/Fort Worth, Dubai-International, Hong Kong, Honolulu, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Johannesburg, Los Angeles, London-Heathrow, Manila, Nouméa, Queenstown, San Francisco,[47] Santiago de Chile, Shanghai-Pudong, Singapore, Tokyo-Haneda
Seasonal: Denpasar,[48] Vancouver[49]		1
QantasAdelaide, Alice Springs, Brisbane, Cairns, Canberra, Darwin, Gold Coast, Hamilton Island,[50] Melbourne, Perth
Seasonal: Broome		3
Qantas
operated by Jetconnect		Auckland, Christchurch, Queenstown, Wellington1
QantasLink
operated by Eastern Australia Airlines		Albury, Armidale, Canberra, Coffs Harbour, Dubbo, Lord Howe Island, Moree, Port Macquarie, Tamworth, Toowoomba-Brisbane West Wellcamp,[51] Wagga Wagga3
QantasLink
operated by Cobham Aviation Services Australia		Adelaide, Canberra, Gold Coast, Hamilton Island, Hervey Bay,[50] Hobart,[52] Sunshine Coast[53]3
Qatar AirwaysDoha[54]1
Regional Express AirlinesAlbury, Armidale,[55] Ballina, Bathurst, Broken Hill, Cooma,[56] Dubbo, Grafton, Griffith, Lismore, Merimbula, Mildura, Moruya, Narrandera, Newcastle,[57] Orange, Parkes, Taree, Wagga Wagga2
ScootSingapore1
Sichuan AirlinesChongqing1
Singapore Airlines Jakarta-Soekarno–Hatta (begins 24 November 2016),[58] Singapore1
Solomon AirlinesHoniara1
Thai AirwaysBangkok-Suvarnabhumi1
Tigerair AustraliaAdelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Coffs Harbour, Gold Coast, Melbourne, Perth, Proserpine2
United AirlinesLos Angeles, San Francisco1
Vietnam AirlinesHo Chi Minh City1
Virgin AustraliaAdelaide, Albury, Ayers Rock, Ballina, Brisbane, Cairns, Canberra, Coffs Harbour, Darwin, Gold Coast, Hamilton Island, Hervey Bay, Hobart, Launceston, Mackay, Melbourne, Perth, Port Macquarie, Sunshine Coast, Tamworth2
Virgin AustraliaAbu Dhabi (ends 4 February 2017),[59] Auckland, Christchurch, Denpasar, Los Angeles, Nadi, Nuku'alofa, Queenstown1
Virgin SamoaApia-Faleolo1
XiamenAirFuzhou,[60] Xiamen1

Cargo

AirlinesDestinationsTerminal
Cathay Pacific CargoHong Kong, MelbourneFreight
DHL Express
operated by Tasman Cargo Airlines		Auckland, Melbourne, NouméaNote 2
DHL Express
operated by Pel-Air		Brisbane, Cairns, MelbourneNote 2
Emirates SkyCargoDubai-Al Maktoum, Hong Kong, SingaporeFreight
FedEx ExpressAuckland, Guangzhou, Honolulu, Los Angeles, ManilaFreight
MASkargoDa Nang, Kuala Lumpur–InternationalFreight
Polar Air CargoHonolulu, MelbourneFreight
Qantas Freight
operated by Express Freighters Australia		Brisbane, MelbourneNote 2
Qantas Freight
operated by Atlas Air		Auckland, Chicago-O'Hare, Chongqing, Hong Kong, Honolulu, Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta, Medan, Shanghai-PudongFreight
Qantas Freight
operated by Express Freighters Australia		Auckland, ChristchurchFreight
Singapore Airlines CargoAdelaide, Auckland, Melbourne, SingaporeFreight
Toll Priority
operated by Airwork		Brisbane, MelbourneNote 2
UPS AirlinesAnchorage, Honolulu, Los Angeles, NadiFreight
Notes
  • ^1 These flights may make an intermediate domestic stop en route to their listed final destination; however the airlines have no traffic rights to carry passengers solely between Sydney and the intermediate Australian stop.
  • ^2 Each of these freight companies has its own facility (each located on different parts of the airport) and does not operate from the International freight terminal.

Second Sydney airport

Main articles: Second Sydney Airport and Western Sydney Airport

The local, state and federal governments have investigated the viability of building a second major airport in Sydney since the 1940s.[61] Between 1987 and 2000, domestic travelers through Sydney more than doubled to nearly 27 million, and international passengers served increased from 8 million to 15 million. The Sydney region passenger demand is forecast to reach 87 million passengers by 2035, more than doubling, and to double again by 2060.[62] Close to half of all scheduled flights in Australia take off or land at Kingsford Smith. In 1998 the airport handled 45 per cent of international passengers in Australia.[63]

The Federal Government has bought most of the required land in a proposed site at Badgerys Creek, west of Sydney. This site would be accessible by the Westlink M7 motorway. Despite acquiring almost all the land necessary for the building of the Badgerys Creek airport, and multiple studies and reports commissioned that recommended building the airport, in 1995 new airport leasing legislation was blocked in the Australian Senate, and construction was delayed until after the 2000 Sydney Olympics. All the major Australian airlines, including Qantas, indicated they would prefer additional development of Kingsford-Smith Airport. In 1998 most local authorities reversed their previous support of the new airport and protested against potential noise and pollution impacts. After the 2001 terrorist attacks decimated the air travel industry, the national government announced its belief that the current Sydney airport could accommodate additional air travel demands for at least another decade. [citation needed]

The issue of a second airport for Sydney arose again after the Rudd government was elected in 2007. Convinced that capacity at the current airport will be exhausted, it investigated Badgerys Creek, Wilton, Camden, Richmond and Canberra for feasibility, while Bankstown Airport was ruled out as being expanded from a light aircraft airport.[64]

On 15 April 2014, the Federal Government announced that Badgerys Creek would be Sydney's second international airport, to be known as Western Sydney Airport.[65] Press releases suggest that the airport will not be subject to curfews and will open in phases, initially with a single airport runway and terminal.[66] It would be linked to Sydney Airport by local roads and motorways, and by extensions to the existing suburban rail network.[67]

Traffic and statistics

Control tower
Tail of a Qantas Boeing 747-400 at Sydney Airport with the skyline of Sydney in the background.
Terminal 1 Departures Concourse
Terminal 3 Departures Hall

Domestic

Domestic aviation activity into and out of Sydney Airport in year ending 30 June 2015[68]
Rank Airport Passengers handled ('000s) % Change
1 Victoria, Melbourne 8,613.4 Increase3.6
2 Queensland, Brisbane 4,476.2 Decrease0.6
3 Queensland, Gold Coast 2,618.3 Increase0.9
4 South Australia, Adelaide 1,831.5 Increase1.0
5 Western Australia, Perth 1,760.9 Decrease2.1
6 Queensland, Cairns 1,032.6 Increase3.2
7 Australian Capital Territory, Canberra 946.8 Decrease2.2
8 Tasmania, Hobart 546.3 Increase1.9
9 Queensland, Sunshine Coast 481.8 Decrease3.8
10 New South Wales, Ballina 358.4 Increase11.9
11 New South Wales, Coffs Harbour 335.0 Decrease2.7
12 Northern Territory, Darwin 319.8 Decrease2.3
13 Tasmania, Launceston 287.7 Decrease2.7
14 Queensland, Hamilton Island 229.1 Increase9.2
15 New South Wales, Albury 217.0 Decrease3.8

International

Busiest international routes into and out of Sydney Airport - 2015[69]
Rank Airport Passengers handled % change
1 New Zealand, Auckland 1,540,790 Increase3.9
2 Singapore, Singapore 1,461,382 Increase7.2
3 Hong Kong, Hong Kong 993,075 Increase7.3
4 United States, Los Angeles 909,663 Increase1.6
5 United Arab Emirates, Dubai 782,683 Increase0.7
6 Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur–International 654,378 Decrease18.2
7 Thailand, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi 533,390 Increase6.7
8 New Zealand, Christchurch 508,629 Increase5.6
9 United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi 480,402 Increase18.1
10 Fiji, Nadi 470,053 Increase2.9
11 Indonesia, Denpasar 427,545 Increase12.2
12 China, Shanghai-Pudong 417,546 Increase6.0
13 United States, Honolulu 396,017 Increase0.4
14 Japan, Tokyo-Narita & Tokyo-Haneda 392,636 Increase2.9
15 China, Guangzhou 383,596 Increase12.8

Ground transport

T3 Airport Link Entrance

The airport is accessible via the Airport Link underground rail line. The International railway station is located below the International terminal, while the domestic railway station is located under the car park between the domestic terminals (Terminal 2 and Terminal 3). While the stations are part of the Sydney Trains suburban network, they are privately owned and operated by the Airport Link consortium and their use is subject to a surcharge.[70][71] The trains that service the airport are regular suburban trains. Unlike airport trains at some other airports, these do not have special provisions for customers with luggage, do not operate express to the airport and may have all seats occupied by commuters before the trains arrive at the airport.

Sydney Buses operate route 400 from Burwood to Bondi Junction railway stations which stops at both the International and Domestic terminals. This route connects to the eastern suburbs, and St George areas.[72]

Sydney Airport has road connections in all directions. Southern Cross Drive (M1), a motorway, is the fastest link with the city centre. The M5 South Western Motorway (including the M5 East Freeway) links the airport with the south-western suburbs of Sydney. A ring road runs around the airport consisting of Airport Drive, Qantas Drive, General Holmes Drive, M5 East Freeway and Marsh Street. General Holmes Drive features a tunnel under the main north-south runway and three taxiways as well as providing access to an aircraft viewing area. Inside the airport a part-ring road – Ross Smith Avenue (named after Ross MacPherson Smith) – connects the Domestic Terminal with the control tower, the general aviation area, car-rental company storage yards, long-term car park, heliport, various retail operations and a hotel. A perimeter road runs inside the secured area for authorised vehicles only.

The Airport runs several official car parks—Domestic Short Term, Domestic Remote Long Term, and International Short/Long Term.[73]

The International Terminal is located beside a wide pedestrian and bicycle path. It links Mascot and Sydney City in the north-east with Tempe (via a foot bridge over Alexandra Canal) and Botany Bay to the south-west. All terminals offer bicycle racks and are also easily accessible by foot from nearby areas.

Accidents and incidents

  • On 19 July 1945 a Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express operated by the Royal Air Force bound for Manus Island failed to gain altitude after taking off from runway 22, struck trees and crashed into Muddy Creek, north of Brighton.[74][75] The aircraft exploded on impact, killing all 12 passengers and crew on board. All the victims were service personnel, five from the RAF, one from the Royal New Zealand Air Force and six from the Royal Navy.[76]
  • On 18 June 1950 a Douglas DC-3 of Ansett Airways taxiing for take-off from Sydney's now non-existent runway 22 for a night-time passenger flight to Brisbane, hit and partially derailed a coal train travelling on the railway line that crossed the runway. Only the co-pilot was injured.[77]
  • On 30 November 1961, Ansett-ANA Flight 325, a Vickers Viscount, crashed into Botany Bay shortly after take-off. The starboard (right) wing failed after the aircraft flew into a thunderstorm. All 15 people on board were killed.[78]
  • On 1 December 1969, Boeing 707-321B N892PA of Pan Am Flight 812 overran the runway during take-off due to bird strikes. The accident investigation established that the aircraft struck a flock of seagulls, with a minimum of 11 individual bird strikes to the leading edges of the wings and engines 1, 2, and 3. In particular, blade 14 of number 2 engine was damaged by a single bird carcass and lost power before the decision to abandon the take-off (which occurred at or near V1 or takeoff decision speed). The aircraft came to rest 560 ft (170 m) beyond the end of runway 34 (now runway 34L). During the crash, number 2 engine hit the ground and was damaged. The nose and left main landing gears failed and the aircraft came to rest supported by engines 1 and 2, the nose, and the remainder of the main landing gear. There were no injuries or fatalities amongst the 125 passengers and 11 crew. The accident investigation concluded that the overrun was not inevitable.[79]
  • On 29 January 1971, Boeing 727 of Trans Australia Airlines registered VH-TJA, Flight 592, struck the tail of Canadian Pacific Air Lines Douglas DC-8, registered CF-CPQ, Flight 592 during take-off. The DC-8 misinterpreted instructions on which exit to use after landing and the tower cleared the 727 for take-off before the runway was clear. The 727 then proceeded to attempt take-off rather than take evasive measures. After impact the 727 experienced a tear in the fuselage and lost some hydraulic pressure but managed to return and land safely.[80]
  • On 21 February 1980, Advance Airlines Flight 4210 registered VH-AAV, a Beechcraft Super King Air took off from Sydney Airport and suffered an engine failure. The pilot flew the aircraft back to the airport and attempted to land but crashed into the sea wall. All 13 people on board died in the accident.
  • On 24 April 1994, a Douglas DC-3 registered VH-EDC of South Pacific Airmotive had an engine malfunction shortly after take-off on a charter flight to Norfolk Island. The engine was feathered but airspeed decayed and it was found to be impossible to maintain height. A successful ditching was carried out into Botany Bay. All four crew and 21 passengers safely evacuated the aircraft. The investigation revealed that the propeller was not fully feathered.[81][82]
  • On 23 March 2009, Terminal 3 was the scene of a brawl involving 10 people in the two rival bikie gangs, the Hells Angels and Comancheros. The brawl left one man dead and was witnessed by over 50 travellers, CCTV cameras and airport staff including airport security who could do little to intervene.[83]

See also

References

  1. ^ Freed, Jamie (20 January 2016). "Sydney Airport passenger numbers hit record in 2015". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Airport Traffic Data". Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics.
  3. ^ Annual Report 2014 (PDF). Sydney Airport.
  4. ^ "Sydney airport – Economic and social impacts". Ecquants. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
  5. ^ YSSY – SYDNEY/(Kingsford Smith) (PDF). AIP En Route Supplement from Airservices Australia, effective 13 June 2024
  6. ^ "Sydney (Kingsford Smith) Airport". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 28 September 2010. Edit this at Wikidata
  7. ^ "Sydney Airport".
  8. ^ "Sydney Airport history" (PDF). Retrieved 20 July 2010.
  9. ^ "Capacity". Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  10. ^ "Australian Airport Movements – Summary" (PDF). Airservicesaustralia.com. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
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