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===600,000–1,200,000 positive test individuals===
===700,000–1,200,000 positive test individuals===
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Revision as of 20:31, 3 September 2021

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Excess mortality caused by COVID-19, from March 1, 2020 to April 4, 2020.

The CDC publishes official numbers of COVID-19 cases in the United States.

In February 2020, at the beginning of the pandemic, a shortage of tests made it impossible to confirm all possible COVID-19 cases[1][2] and resulting deaths, so the early numbers were likely undercounts.[3][4][5][6] Another way to estimate COVID-19 deaths that includes unconfirmed cases is to use the excess mortality, which is the overall number of deaths that exceed what would normally be expected.[7] From March 1, 2020 through the end of 2020, there were 522,368 excess deaths in the United States, which is 22.9% more than would have been expected in that time period.[8] The CDC estimates that, between February 2020 and May 2021, only 1 in 1.3 COVID-19 deaths were attributed to COVID-19,[9] and the true COVID-19 death toll was 767,000 as of May 2021.[10]

The following numbers are based on CDC data, which is incomplete.

Measuring case and mortality rates

Deceased persons in a 53-foot "mobile morgue" outside a hospital in Hackensack, New Jersey on April 27, 2020

In early 2020, deaths from all causes exceeded the seasonal average,[11] and data from early 2020 suggest additional deaths that were not counted in official reported coronavirus mortality statistics.[12] Until February 28, 2020, CDC testing protocols allowed tests only for people who had traveled to China.[13] In most U.S. locations, testing for some time was performed only on symptomatic people with a history of travel to Wuhan or with close contact to such people.[14][15][16] The numbers were reported every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday and were split into categories: individual travelers, people who contracted the disease from other people within the U.S., and repatriated citizens who returned to the U.S. from crisis locations, such as Wuhan, where the disease originated, and the cruise ship Diamond Princess.[17]

By March 26, 2020, the United States, with the world's third-largest population, surpassed China and Italy as the country with the world's highest number of confirmed cases.[18] By April 25, the U.S. had more than 905,000 confirmed coronavirus cases and nearly 52,000 deaths, giving it a mortality rate around 5.7 percent. (In comparison, Spain's mortality rate was 10.2 percent and Italy's was 13.5 percent.)[19][20]

In April 2020, more than 10,000 American deaths had occurred in nursing homes. Most nursing homes did not have easy access to testing, making the actual number unknown.[21] President Trump established a Coronavirus Commission for Safety and Quality in Nursing Homes.[22][23] Subsequently, a number of states including Maryland[24] and New Jersey[25] reported their own estimates of deaths at nursing homes, ranging from twenty to fifty percent of the states' total deaths. A PNAS report in September 2020 confirmed that the virus is much more dangerous for the elderly than the young, noting that about 70% of all U.S. COVID-19 deaths had occurred to those over the age of 70.[26]

As of early August 2020, among the 45 countries that had over 50,000 cases, the U.S. had the eighth highest number of deaths per-capita. Its case fatality ratio, however, was significantly better where it ranked 24th in the world, with 3.3% of its cases resulting in death.[27] Several studies suggested that the number of infections was far higher than officially reported, and thus that the infection fatality rate was far lower than the case fatality rate.[28][29]

The CDC estimates that 40% of people infected never show symptoms (i.e. are asymptomatic),[30] although there is a 75% chance they can still spread the disease. And while children have a lower risk of becoming ill or dying, the CDC warns that they can still function as asymptomatic carriers and transmit the virus to adults.[30] The American Academy of Pediatrics's weekly report[31] from when states started reporting to September 17, 2020 tracked 587,948 child COVID-19 cases, 5,016 child hospitalizations, and 109 child deaths.[32]

Epidemiologists depend on accurate reporting of cases and deaths to advise government response,[33] and some have questioned the reliability of the numbers of confirmed cases.[34] Rates differ among U.S. states, and there are also racial and economic disparities.[35][36][37] After a group of epidemiologists requested revisions in how the CDC counts cases and deaths, the CDC in mid-April 2020 updated its guidance for counting COVID-19 cases and deaths to recommend that U.S. states report both confirmed and probable ones, though the decision is left to each state.[38]

On September 25, 2020, The Lancet published the largest study at the time to measure COVID-19 antibody levels in the US population, finding that less than ten percent of the U.S. population had been exposed.[39][40][41] The study was published at a time when, according to Newsweek, "some U.S. officials have floated the concept of herd immunity as a possible strategy to manage the national outbreak,"[42] and according to the lead author of the study, Stanford Center for Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease director Shuchi Anand, "this study does not support that there is herd immunity."[43] The research also uncovered racial and economic disparities in populations with COVID-19 antibodies[44][35] and highlighted the need for public health intervention to address the disparities.[36][37] At the time of the publication of the study, Anand announced that researchers would monitor the study participants for months to help determine the effectiveness of COVID-19 mitigation tactics.[42][44][40]

On April 14, 2021, the Centers for Disease Control estimated that, as of March 2021, there had been 98.5–134.3 million infections in the United States.[45]

According to the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University as of 19:21 Eastern Standard Time (EST) on 7 August 2021, the total COVID-19 cases in the US has crossed the 35.73 million mark, with the death toll reaching 616 712.[46]

State by state

[expand]
[collapse]
COVID-19 pandemic in the United States by state and territory
Location[i] Cases[ii] Deaths[iii] Recoveries[iv] Hospital[v] Ref.
56 / 56 112,168,104 1,168,021 — —
Alabama 1,659,966[vi] 21,138 [vi] 509,800[vi] 50,767 [vi] [47]
Alaska 310,531 1,485[vi] 7,165[vi] 4,208[vi] [48]
American Samoa 8,326 34 3 — [49]
Arizona 2,611,788 34,545 — 157,969 [50]
Arkansas 1,039,712[vi] 13,787 992,651[vi] 48,032 [51]
California 14,332,727 107,703 — 664,057 [52]
Colorado 1,884,386 16,062 — 109,315 [vi] [53][54]
Connecticut 983,652[vii] 12,354[vii] — 12,257[vii] [55]
Delaware 351,420 3,682 18,371[vi] 36,436 [56]
District of Columbia 182,395 1,434[vii] 34,985[vi] — [57]
Florida[viii] 8,063,346 95,592 — 78,472[vi] [58]
Georgia 3,293,182 44,201 — 149,236[vi] [59]
Guam 64,279 419 63,816 — [60]
Hawaii 419,655 2,174 11,958[vi] 14,887[vi] [61]
Idaho 526,118[vi] 5,766 92,573[vi] 19,729[vi] [62][63]
Illinois 4,139,537[vi] 42,033[vi] — 239,809[vii] [64][65]
Indiana 2,210,538 28,082 1,881,771 194,280 [66][67]
Iowa 908,936 [vii] 10,797 [vii] 286,309 [vi] — [68]
Kansas 946,564 [vi] 10,229 [vi] — 20,081 [vi] [69]
Kentucky 1,808,735[vii] 19,914 53,643[vi] 78,142 [70]
Louisiana 1,683,744[vi] 19,727 429,935[vi] — [71]
Maine 347,116 3,417 12,975[vi] 9,316 [72]
Maryland 1,454,101 17,995 — 52,646[vi] [73]
Massachusetts 2,374,055 25,822 644,061[vi] 124,678 [74][75]
Michigan 3,313,807 44,966 1,421,905 [vi] — [76]
Minnesota 1,903,408 15,990 1,529,440[vi] 96,724 [77]
Mississippi 1,000,415[vi] 15,480 774,429[vi] 14,042[vi] [78][79]
Missouri 1,790,525[vi] 22,931[vi] — — [80]
Montana 333,758[vii] 3,712[vii] 329,725[vi] 14,414[vi] [81]
Nebraska 604,901 5,034 [vi] 142,336[vi] 31,570[vi] [82]
Nevada 924,325 12,508 — — [83]
New Hampshire 382,242[vi] 3,340 378,906[vi] 9,441[vi] [84]
New Jersey 3,316,021 36,902 — 185,627 [85]
New Mexico 727,786 9,236[vi] 660,313[vi] 40,692 [86]
New York 7,975,950 65,835 475,270 471,317 [87][88][89]
North Carolina 3,501,404 [vi] 29,059 [vi] 3,371,565[vi] 194,248[vi] [90][91][92]
North Dakota 310,409 2,233[vii] 236,878[vi] 7,831[vi] [93]
Northern Mariana Islands 13,981[vi] 46[vi] 13,124[vi] 311[vi] [94]
Ohio 3,747,050 43,958 3,693,448 151,492 [95]
Oklahoma 1,306,350[vi] 16,435 1,288,527[vi] 45,990[vi] [96]
Oregon 975,856[vii] 10,357 — 41,388[vi] [97][98]
Pennsylvania 3,565,644[vi] 53,837 1,843,620[vi] — [99]
Puerto Rico 1,486,077 7,362 442,126[vi] — [100]
Rhode Island 470,368 4,365 — 23,606 [101]
South Carolina 1,859,979[vi] 20,353[vi] 559,814[vi] — [102]
South Dakota 305,444 3,401 275,931[vi] 14,160 [103]
Tennessee 2,736,444 30,811 1,996,027[vi] 56,696 [104]
Texas 9,198,592 94,912 4,445,607[vi][ix] — [105]
US Virgin Islands 26,148 133 26,002 — [106]
Utah 1,138,594 5,615 1,103,895[vi] 43,431 [107][108]
Vermont 153,806[vii] 1,153 149,941[vi] — [109]
Virginia 2,534,905 25,489 — 68,154 [110]
Washington 2,056,696

[vii]

17,043

[vii]

— 94,784[vii] [111]
West Virginia 662,339[vii] 8,247[vii] 629,631[vi] — [112]
Wisconsin 2,043,839[vi] 16,758[vi] 596,339[vi] 38,288[vi] [113]
Wyoming 196,232 2,128 154,312 1,395[vi] [114]
Updated:May 22, 2024 · History of cases: United States
  1. ^ Nationality and location of original infection may vary.
  2. ^ Reported confirmed and probable cases. Actual case numbers are probably higher. Currently, 35 jurisdictions regularly update this metric
  3. ^ Currently 36 jurisdictions regularly update this metric
  4. ^ "–" denotes that no data or only partial data currently available for that state, not that the value is zero.
  5. ^ Cumulative hospitalizations from positive cases reported from the state or the primary source. If a state only reports total cases from suspect COVID-19 cases, then cumulative hospitalizations from suspect cases are used. Data may be partial.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca no longer reported
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r No longer reported explicitly: maintains weekly update on the metric and it remains possible to calculate the cumulative, but due to either the lack of data for a long period of time or the change in reporting methods, such calculated count becomes arbitrary. Hence, the data recorded in the chart is no longer updated
  8. ^ Case and death figures in this chart for Florida include residents and non-residents.
  9. ^ This figure is an estimate from the Texas Department of State Health Services.

Variants

Percentage or # of Cases of Variants (22 August 2021)
Variants Delta Alpha Gamma Iota
CDC Nowcast(%)[115] 98.8% 0.3% 0.2% 0.0%
GISAID (# of cases)[116] 122 046 209 002 25 070 26 437
Cov-lineages (# of cases)[117] 52 283 192 898 20 393 nd

Progression charts

New daily cases

Number of new daily cases, with a seven-day centered moving average:[118]

Hospitalizations

COVID-19-related hospitalizations up to early March 2021[119] (chart):

Deaths per day

Number of new daily deaths attributed to COVID-19, with a seven-day centered moving average:[118]

Weekly all-cause deaths

Weekly all-cause deaths in the U.S. based on CDC data (This data is projected deaths, rather than tabulated, and commonly takes three to eight weeks to reach a near-steady estimate), compared to the threshold for excess deaths:[120]

Case fatality rate

The trend of case fatality rate for COVID-19 from 21 January, the day the first case in the country was recorded.[121]


Deaths by age

Number of COVID-19 deaths by age as of August 18, 2021:[122][123]

Provisional COVID-19 deaths in the United States by age as of February 17, 2021
Age group Death count % of deaths Rate per
100,000
All ages 460,234 100% 140.2
Under 1y 45 <0.1% 1.2
1-4y 23 <0.1% 0.1
5-14y 72 <0.1% 0.2
15-24y 648 0.2% 1.5
25-34y 2,922 0.7% 6.4
35-44y 7,711 2% 18.5
45-54y 21,251 5% 60.0
55-64y 54,134 12% 127.5
65-74y 99,019 21% 314.5
75-84y 128,192 27% 802.7
85y and over 146,217 32% 2,213.7

Deaths by sex

Number of COVID-19 deaths by sex and age as of August 18, 2021:[124]

Deaths by state

COVID-19 deaths per million of the populations of each state, along with the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico,[125] as of August 25, 2021:

Testing charts

Tests per day

Daily new tests, smoothed via seven-day moving average:[119]

Test positivity rate

Test positivity rate for the U.S.,[119] smoothed via seven-day moving average. Test positivity rate is the ratio of positive tests to all tests conducted on the day:

Vaccine distribution

Vaccinations in the U.S. per day,[126][119] with a seven-day moving average.

Cumulative vaccine doses administered in the U.S.[126][119]

Number of U.S. positive test individuals by state over time

Main page: COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical positive test individuals

Data for all state charts sourced from the NY Times COVID Data.[118] (This reference tends to include confirmed and suspected cases. This leads to some disparity with other sources).

> 1,200,000 positive test individuals

700,000–1,200,000 positive test individuals

400,000–700,000 positive test individuals

250,000–400,000 positive test individuals

120,000–250,000 positive test individuals

< 120,000 positive test individuals

Death projections

On March 31, 2020, the CDC projected that eventually 100,000–240,000 Americans would die of coronavirus.[127] The lower end of the estimate was reached within two months after the CDC made its projection,[128] and the upper end was surpassed in November 2020.[129]

The CDC uses an ensemble forecast, meaning it receives predictions from multiple sources and aggregates them to make its own forecast. As of December 2020, the CDC included 37 modeling groups in its ensemble forecast and was predicting the death toll 4 weeks in advance.[130]

Examples:

  • At the end of May 2020, the CDC correctly projected the death toll would surpass 115,000 by June 20.[131][132]
  • At the end of July 2020, the CDC correctly projected the death toll would surpass 168,000 by August 22.[133]
  • In mid-October 2020, the CDC correctly projected the death toll would reach 230,000–250,000 by mid-November.[133]

In mid-February 2021, when the death toll had already reached 470,000,[134] the IHME projected that the death toll would reach 600,000 by June 1.[135] However, the death rate dropped during this time period and the total death toll on June 1 was not as high as expected, having reached only about 592,000.[136] The total of 600,000 was reached two weeks later.[137]

Comparisons

Other epidemics with U.S. death tolls over 100,000:

Notes

  1. ^
    • Eastwood, Joel; Overberg, Paul; Barry, Rob (April 4, 2020). "Why We Don't Know How Many Americans Are Infected With Coronavirus—and Might Never Know". The Wall Street Journal.
    • "Lack of testing clouds virus picture on the North Coast | Coronavirus". dailyastorian.com. April 8, 2020. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
    • "How Many People in the United States Actually Have COVID-19?". Healthline. 18 March 2020.
    • Bosman, Julie (April 11, 2020). "Official Counts Understate the U.S. Coronavirus Death Toll—The New York Times". Nytimes.com. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
    • "US coronavirus map: Tracking the United States outbreak". Usatoday.com. January 28, 2020. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
    • Roberts, Jeff J. (April 3, 2020). "Can the private sector provide better coronavirus data? Experts are skeptical". Fortune. Retrieved April 10, 2020. Confirmed coronavirus cases in the U.S. crossed 200,000 on Thursday, but experts agree the actual number of infected people is much higher. The lack of reliable data—a persistent problem since the pandemic began—has made it impossible to determine the actual size of the outbreak, hampering the U.S. response.
  2. ^ Myer, Robinson; Madrigal, Alexis (April 16, 2020). "A New Statistic Reveals Why America's COVID-19 Numbers Are Flat". The Atlantic. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  3. ^ Kliff, Sarah; Bosman, Julie (April 5, 2020). "Official Counts Understate the U.S. Coronavirus Death Toll". The New York Times. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  4. ^ Abdelmalek, Mark; Margolin, Josh; Katersky, Aaron; David, Eden (April 7, 2020). "Coronavirus death toll in US likely worse than numbers say". ABC News. Retrieved April 10, 2020.
  5. ^ Brown, Emma; Reinhard, Beth; Davis, Aaron C. (April 5, 2020). "Coronavirus death toll: Americans are almost certainly dying of covid-19 but being left out of the official count". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 10, 2020.
  6. ^ Swan, Jonathan; Baker, Sam (May 6, 2020). "Trump and some top aides question the accuracy of virus death toll". Axios.
  7. ^ "Excess Deaths Associated with COVID-19". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
  8. ^ Woolf, Steven H.; Chapman, Derek A.; Sabo, Roy T. (2 April 2021). "Excess Deaths From COVID-19 and Other Causes in the US, March 1, 2020, to January 2, 2021". JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5199. Retrieved 2021-08-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ CDC (2020-02-11). "Cases, Data, and Surveillance". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  10. ^ Iuliano, A. Danielle; Chang, Howard H.; Patel, Neha N.; Threlkel, Ryan; Kniss, Krista; Reich, Jeremy; Steele, Molly; Hall, Aron J.; Fry, Alicia M.; Reed, Carrie (2021-07-13). "Estimating Under-recognized COVID-19 Deaths, United States, March 2020-May 2021 using an Excess Mortality Modelling Approach". The Lancet Regional Health – Americas. 0 (0). doi:10.1016/j.lana.2021.100019. ISSN 2667-193X. PMC 8275579.
  11. ^ Wu J, McCann A, Katz J, Peltier E. "28,000 Missing Deaths: Tracking the True Toll of the Coronavirus Crisis". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  12. ^ Katz, Josh; Lu, Denise; Sanger-Katz, Margot (April 28, 2020). "U.S. Coronavirus Death Toll Is Far Higher Than Reported, C.D.C. Data Suggests". The New York Times. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  13. ^ Moon, Sarah; Yan, Holly; Christensen, Jen; Maxouris, Christina. "The CDC has changed its criteria for testing patients for coronavirus after the first case of unknown origin was confirmed". CNN. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  14. ^ Madrigal, Robinson Meyer, Alexis C. (March 6, 2020). "Exclusive: The Strongest Evidence Yet That America Is Botching Coronavirus Testing". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 23, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ "Persons Evaluated for 2019 Novel Coronavirus—US, Jan 2020". Medscape. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  16. ^ McFall-Johnsen, Morgan. "A New York City man wasn't tested for the coronavirus even though he had symptoms and had gone to Japan. It highlights the troublingly limited scope of US testing". Business Insider. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  17. ^ "International Locations with Confirmed COVID-19 Cases". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 11, 2020. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  18. ^ Nicole Chavez; Holly Yan; Madeline Holcombe. "US has more known cases of coronavirus than any other country". CNN. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  19. ^ "U.S. Has One of the Lowest Coronavirus Mortality Rates Worldwide but Highest Number of Deaths". Newsweek. April 21, 2020.
  20. ^ "Coronavirus (COVID-19) deaths worldwide per one million population as of November 20, 2020, by country". Statista. November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  21. ^ "10,000 deaths: Ravaged nursing homes plead for more testing". KMGH. Associated Press. April 23, 2020. Archived from the original on April 25, 2020.
  22. ^ "President Donald J. Trump Remains Committed to Caring for Our Nation's Seniors During the Coronavirus Pandemic and Beyond". whitehouse.gov. April 30, 2020 – via National Archives.
  23. ^ "President Trump delivers remarks on senior citizens and COVID-19". USA Today. April 30, 2020.
  24. ^ "Nursing homes account for more than half of Maryland's coronavirus deaths. Some want the state to do more". Baltimore Sun. April 28, 2020.
  25. ^ "Coronavirus deaths in nursing homes grow, as N.J. still tries to sort out the grim toll in each facility". NJ.com. April 27, 2020.
  26. ^ "Demographic perspectives on the mortality of COVID-19 and other epidemics", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Sept. 8, 2020
  27. ^ "Charts: How The U.S. Ranks On COVID-19 Deaths Per Capita—And By Case Count", NPR, August 5, 2020
  28. ^ Donnelly, Claire (2 July 2020). "Wake Forest COVID Study: Death Rate, Severity Of Symptoms Is Lower Than First Thought". www.wunc.org. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  29. ^ Sheyner, Gennady. "Los Angeles study backs Stanford researchers' conclusion about high prevalence of COVID-19". paloaltoonline.com. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  30. ^ a b "40% of people infected with COVID-19 are asymptomatic, a new CDC estimate says", Business Insider, July 13, 2020
  31. ^ "Children and COVID-19: State-Level Data Report". aap.org. American Academy of Pediatrics. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  32. ^ American Academy of Pediatrics and the Children's Hospital Association (September 17, 2020). Children and COVID-19: State Data Report (PDF) (Report). American Academy of Pediatrics. pp. 9–11. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  33. ^ "WHO says China revised coronavirus infection data to 'leave no case undocumented'". CNBC. April 17, 2020.
  34. ^ Rothwell, Jonathan; Desai, Sonal (December 20, 2020). "How misinformation is distorting COVID policies and behaviors". The Brookings Institution. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  35. ^ a b Foster, Robin; Mundell, E.J. (September 29, 2020). "Global Death Toll From COVID-19 Passes One Million". U.S. News and World Report. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  36. ^ a b Ghosh, Abantika (September 26, 2020). "Stanford study estimates fewer than 10% US adults had Covid antibodies in July". The Print. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  37. ^ a b Van Beusekom, Mary. "Less than 10% of US population has COVID-19 antibodies, data show". Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy. University of Minnesota. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  38. ^ "How Accurate Are Coronavirus Death Counts?". WebMD. April 17, 2020.
  39. ^ White, Tracie (September 28, 2020). "Fewer than 1 in 10 Americans have antibodies to coronavirus, study finds". Stanford University News Center. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  40. ^ a b Weintraub, Karen (September 28, 2020). "About 9% of Americans exposed to COVID-19 by midsummer. That's a long way from herd immunity". USA Today. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
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  43. ^ Feuer, Will (September 26, 2020). "Fewer than 10% of Americans show signs of past coronavirus infection, study finds". CNBC. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  44. ^ a b Cortez, Michelle Fay (September 28, 2020). "Covid Insights Come From Dialysis Patients". Bloomberg. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
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  74. ^ "COVID-19 Daily Dashboard". mass.gov. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
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