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Soekarno–Hatta International Airport

Coordinates: 6°07′32″S 106°39′21″E / 6.12556°S 106.65583°E / -6.12556; 106.65583
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Soekarno–Hatta International Airport

Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno–Hatta
File:Soekarno-Hatta International Airport.png
Summary
Airport typePublic
OwnerGovernment of Indonesia
OperatorPT Angkasa Pura II
ServesGreater Jakarta
LocationTangerang, Banten, Indonesia.
Opened1 May 1985 (1985-05-01)
Hub for
Elevation AMSL32 ft / 10 m
Coordinates6°07′32″S 106°39′21″E / 6.12556°S 106.65583°E / -6.12556; 106.65583
Websitehttp://www.soekarnohatta-airport.co.id/
Maps
Java region in Indonesia
Java region in Indonesia
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Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
07R/25L 12,008 3,660 Paved
07L/25R 11,811 3,600 Asphalt Concrete
06/24 (In progress) 9,842 3,000 Asphalt Concrete
Statistics (2018)
Passengers66.9 million [1]
Aircraft Movements447,390 Increase 8%
Cargo (metric tonnes)–
Economic & Social impact$5.1 billion & 705 thousand[2]
Source: List of the busiest airports in Indonesia,[3] Passenger and Aircraft Movements from ACI[4]
Cargo from Angkasa Pura II Airports Company[5]

Soekarno–Hatta International Airport (Template:Lang-id) (IATA: CGK, ICAO: WIII), abbreviated SHIA[6] or Cengkareng airport (hence IATA designator "CGK"), is the primary airport serving the Greater Jakarta area on the island of Java in Indonesia. Named after the first president and vice-president of Indonesia, Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta, the airport is located at Benda, Tangerang, 20 km northwest of Central Jakarta. It is the busiest, largest airport in Southeast Asia, the busiest in the southern hemisphere and one of the busiest airports in the world. Together with Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport, they served over 70 million passengers of Greater Jakarta in 2017.[7]

The airport commenced domestic operations in 1 May 1985 replacing the old over-capacity Kemayoran Airport. The airport was expanded in 1991 to replace Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport for international flights, which still serves domestic charter, VIP, private flights, and re-opened as a second commercial airport for domestic flights to relieve pressure over Soekarno-Hatta airport that is currently running over capacity. The airport served 66.9 million passengers in 2018, ranked as 18th busiest airport in the world by Airports Council International, and the busiest in Southeast Asia.[8][9] According to air travel intelligence company OAG, the airport ranked as the 7th most connected airport in the world, and ranked first as 'megahub' airport in Asia-Pacific region as per connectivity index, ahead of Japan's Tokyo Haneda Airport and Australia's Sydney Airport.[10] The airport ranked as the 7th most connected airport as 'megahub' in the world in 2017 again by air travel intelligence company OAG.[11] The airport ranked as the 2nd most connected Low-Cost Megahub airport as 'megahub' in the world in 2018 by air travel intelligence company OAG.[12]

The airport often struggles to accommodate all flights at its current limit of 81 aircraft movements per hour.[13] Although over capacity, after a survey ACI in 2012 declared that Soekarno–Hatta International Airport is being operated safely.[14] The two existing runways suffer from pavement and strength issues, which limits the airport's capacity to serve large aircraft. To reduce congestion and to achieve a target to handle 100 flights/hour, works for a third runway is ongoing, which is expected to open in 2019. Upgrading of the existing two runways are almost complete for safe operation and to accommodate wide-bodied aircraft.[15] The airport will be able to serve 100 million passengers annually by 2025 after completion of ongoing development work.[16]

History

Used between 1928 and 1985, Kemayoran Airfield was considered unsatisfactory[when?] because it was too close to the major Halim Perdanakusuma Indonesian military airport. The civil airspace in the area became increasingly restricted, while air traffic increased rapidly, posing problems for international air traffic. In 1969, a senior communication officers meeting in Bangkok expressed these concerns.[citation needed]

Departure area at Terminal 2

In the early 1970s, with the help of USAID, eight potential locations were analyzed for a new international airport, namely Kemayoran, Malaka, Babakan, Jonggol, Halim, Curug, South Tangerang and North Tangerang.[citation needed] Finally, the North Tangerang site was chosen; it was also noted that Jonggol could be used as an alternative airfield. Meanwhile, as an interim step, the Indonesian government upgraded the Halim Perdanakusuma airfield for use for passenger services. The old Kemayoran site was closed in 1985, and the land was later used for commercial and housing purposes.[17]

Between 1974 and 1975, a Canadian consortium, consisting of Aviation Planning Services Ltd., ACRESS International Ltd., and Searle Wilbee Rowland (SWR), won a bid for the new airport feasibility project. The feasibility study started on 20 February 1974, with a total cost of 1 million Canadian dollars. The one-year project proceeded with an Indonesian partner represented by PT Konavi. By the end of March 1975, the study revealed a plan to build three inline runways, three international terminal buildings, three domestic buildings and one building for Hajj flights. Three stores for the domestic terminals would be built between 1975 and 1981 at a cost of US$465 million and one domestic terminal including an apron from 1982–1985 at a cost of US$126 million. A new terminal project, named the Jakarta International Airport Cengkareng, began.[18]

Design

Tropical gardens fill the spaces between Javanese-styled pendopo waiting and boarding pavilions.

The airport's terminal 1 and 2 was designed by Paul Andreu, a French architect who also designed Paris–Charles de Gaulle Airport. One of the characteristics of the airport is the incorporation of the local architecture into the design, and the presence of tropical gardens between the waiting lounges. These unique characteristics earned the airport the 1995 Aga Khan Award for Architecture.[19] The runways run northeast–southwest. There are two parallel runways, on the north and south side. The airport terminal took the plan of spanning fan, with the main entrances of terminals connected to a series of waiting and boarding pavilions via corridors. These waiting and boarding pavilions are connected to the airplanes through boarding bridges. Terminal 1 is in the southern side of the airport, while Terminal 2 and 3 are on the north side.

The airport concept is described as "garden within the airport" or "airport in the garden", as tropical decorative and flower plants fill the spaces between corridors, waiting and boarding pavilions. The boarding pavilions demonstrate local Indonesian vernacular architecture, particularly the roof, in the Javanese stepped-roof pendopo and joglo style. The interior design displays the diversity of Indonesian art and culture, with ethnic decorative elements taken from wooden carvings of Java, Bali, Sumatra, Dayak, Toraja to Papua. Another example is the railings of stairs, doors and gates, which show the kala-makara (giant head and mythical fish-elephant creature) theme typical in ancient Indonesian temples such as Borobudur. Terminal 3, however, has a different architectural style—unlike the ethnic-inspired Indonesian vernacular architecture of terminals 1 and 2, terminal 3 uses the contemporary modern style of large glass windows with metal frames and columns.

Project phases

Soekarno–Hatta ticket office ( Not available from 1 March 2015 )

Time was needed to allocate land and also determine provincial border.[clarification needed] Authorities at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol were consulted about the airport plans, and concluded that the proposal was rather expensive and over-designed. The cost rose because of using a decentralized system. The centralized system was seen as a more suitable option. The team, however chose the latter, similar to Orly Airport, Lyon Satolas, Hannover Airport and Kansas City Airport due to its simplicity and effectiveness.

On 12 November 1976, the building project tender was won by the French Aeroport de Paris. 6 months later, the final design was agreed on by the Indonesian government and Aeroport de Paris with a fixed cost of about 22,323,203 French francs and Rp. 177,156,000 equivalent to 2,100,000 francs. The work was scheduled to take 18 months. The government appointed PT. Konavi as the local partner. The plan included 2 runways with taxiways, one access road in the east and one in the west (closed to public use) for airport services, 3 terminals capable of accommodating 3 million passengers per year, and 1 module for international flights and 2 for domestic. "An airport inside a garden" was chosen as the design idea.

On 20 May 1980, a four-year contract was signed. Sainraptet Brice, SAE, Colas together with PT. Waskita Karya were chosen to be the developers. Ir. Karno Barkah was appointed the project director, responsible for the airport's construction.[20] On 1 December 1980, the Indonesian government signed a contract for Rp. 384.8 billion with developers. The cost structure was: Rp140,450,513,000 from the state budget, 1,223,457 francs donated by France and US$15,898,251 from the United States. The airport structure was completed exactly four years later. It was finally opened on 1 May 1985 for domestic flights, and the second circular terminal was opened exactly six years later for international operations.[citation needed]

Phases of Soekarno–Hatta International Airport Project
Phase Year Description Status
Phase 1 1 May 1985 Opening of Terminal 1 with a capacity of 9 million passengers per annum Completed
Phase 2 11 May 1991 Opening of Terminal 2 with a capacity of 18 million passengers per annum Completed
Phase 3 15 Apr 2009 Construction of Terminal 3 phase 1 with a capacity of 22 million passengers per annum Completed
Fully built new Freight Terminal In progress
Phase 4 9 Agt 2016 Completion of Terminal 3 with a capacity of 43 million passengers per annum Completed
Construction of Airport Railway Completed
Construction of third runway Finishes in June 2019
Fully built integrated building[clarification needed] In Progress
Construction of Terminal 4[21] Planned
Phase 5 2022 Refurbishment of Terminal 1 & Terminal 2 to increase capacity to 61 million passengers per annum In progress

Plans

Early masterplan of the airport

The capacity of the airport is increased from 22 million passengers per year to 62 million per year during 2014 to 2017, but the airport handled more than 63 million passengers in 2017. Therefore, plans to build 4th passenger terminal is already underway. The airport is being implementing new theme "Modern Airport With Traditional Sense" for the project. Angkasa Pura II, as the operator, designed Soekarno–Hatta Airport to have 3 passenger terminals, 1 new freight terminal (cargo village) and an 'Integrated Building' (designed to unite terminal one and two). Also, there will be an increase in apron capacity from 125 airplanes to 174 airplanes. By 2015, additional upgrades are expected to increase the airport's capacity to 75 million passengers.[22] An airport train from Manggarai Station and a people mover for ground transportation to, from and inside the airport are also in planning.

In the first stage, Terminal 3 is expanded. Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 will be integrated with green walls[clarification needed] and the airport will have a convention hall, shopping center, hotel, playground, recreational facilities and parking area for 20,000 vehicles.[23]

To anticipate a surge in passenger numbers, at least a ten percent increase each year, the government is preparing to build a third runway. In mid-May 2019 the constructions progress is 70 percent and it is predicted to be in use at end of July 2019.[24] If the airport has 3 runways, the service capacity will rise to 623,420 movements per year and it will be able to anticipate growth at least until 2030. The expansion will use about 1,000 hectares (2,500 acres) from 10 villages in the Teluk Naga and Kosambi subdistricts.[25][26] Once completed, the third runway would increase Soekarno-hatta's handling capacity to 114 aircraft movements per hour from the current 81.[27] The expansion plan has been rejected by Tangerang Municipal Government because the residents living around the airport wouldn't be able to earn income for their family. The local government offered another location such as in Balaraja, but Angkasa Pura II corporate secretary said that building a new airport would not be an easy task, as it requires a thorough study.[28] Finally, Angkasa Pura II only uses 134 hectares of land and appraisal will be used to buy the land.[29] It can be done due to a new design for the third runway. An east cross taxiway is being built to connect runway-1 and runway-2 and the future runway-3.

To accommodate 86 aircraft movements per hour from the current 72 movements per hour, since 2016 the airport authority has been developing an east cross taxiway costing Rp 1,150 billion ($86.1 million) to connect the existing runway-1 and runway-2 with the future runway-3.[30]

Terminals

Airport layout

The land area of the airport is 18 square kilometers (6.9 sq mi). It has two independent parallel 3,600-meter (11,800 ft) long runways connected by two cross taxiways. There are three main terminal buildings; Terminal 1, Terminal 2 and Terminal 3. The airport has a freight terminal for domestic and international cargo.

After renovations and expansions of Terminal 3, current capacity of Soekarno–Hatta is 51 million,[31] but the airport served 54 million passengers in 2015, making it the 18th busiest airport in the world, and the busiest airport in the Southern Hemisphere. There are nonstop flights to a large number of destinations in Asia and Australia, and several flights to Europe daily, ranking as the 17th most connected airport in the world, and the largest megahub in Asia according to OAG.[32]

Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 are currently under renovation, which will cost Rp 3.2 trillion ($235.2 million). Renovation of Terminal 1 is scheduled for completion in June 2019, while Terminal 2 in August 2019. The revitalization project is expected to double the number of passengers of the two terminals up to 36 million a year.[33] By late 2018 Terminal 1 will become a domestic low-cost carrier terminal (LCCT), while Terminal 2 will become an international low-cost carrier terminal (LCCT) and Terminal 3 will become a full-service terminal for both domestic and international flights.[34] The airport operator AP II has undertaken plan to build a fourth terminal at Soekarno-Hatta, which is expected to be completed by 2022.[35]

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 is the first terminal built, finished in 1985. It is located on the south side of the airport, across from Terminal 2. Terminal 1 has 3 sub-terminals, each equipped with 25 check-in counters, 5 baggage carousels and 7 gates. It has the capacity to handle 9 million passengers per annum.

The gates in Terminal 1 have a prefix of A, B or C. The gates are A1–A7, B1–B7 and C1–C7. In the newest masterplan, Terminal 1 will have its capacity increased to 18 million passengers per annum. Terminal 1 is used for domestic flights except for those operated by Garuda Indonesia, Sriwijaya Air, NAM Air, Indonesia AirAsia. Terminal 1A is home to Lion Air domestic flights (except to Sumatra & Bali). Terminal 1B is home to Lion Air domestic flights (only to Sumatra and Bali). Terminal 1C is home to Citilink (domestic flights) Trigana Air Service. This terminal will be converted into a domestic low-cost carrier terminal (LCCT) by early 2019.

Terminal 2

Check In Area Terminal 2

Terminal 2 is the second terminal built, completed in 1991, and is located on the west-northern side of the airport, across from Terminal 1. Like Terminal 1, it has three sub-terminals, labeled as D, E and F, each of which has seven gates and 25 check-in counters. Although some airlines were still serving international routes from terminal 2D, all international flights have been gradually moved to Terminal 3, after that Terminal 2 would cater only to umrah (minor haj) flights and will be converted into an international low-cost carrier terminal (LCCT) by early 2019, except Scoot.[36][37] Currently, Terminal 2E is home to Batik Air's domestic flights while Terminal 2F is home to Sriwijaya Air, NAM Air and Indonesia Airasia domestic flights.[38][39]

Terminal 3

Main article: Soekarno–Hatta International Airport Terminal 3
The departure lounge at Terminal 3.

The newly built Terminal 3 was opened in 2016 to handle 25 million passengers per annum, which is located on the east-northern side of the airport. The terminal has a different style than terminals 1 and 2, using an eco-friendly contemporary modern design with a traditional sense.

The former Terminal 3 was officially opened for international flights on 15 November 2011, when all Indonesia AirAsia flights started using Terminal 3 as its new base for international flights as well as domestic flights.[40] The New Terminal 3 (known as "Terminal 3 Ultimate") was formally opened on 9 August 2016. The floor area of the new terminal covers 422,804 m2 (4,551,020 sq ft)[41] with 10 international gates, 18 domestic gates, 112 check-in counters, 48 jet bridges and 10 bus gates.[42][43] It is slated to be larger than Changi Airport Terminal 3, Singapore which is the benchmark for SHIA.[44][45] There is a Tourist Information Center at Terminal 3 Ultimate to serve international tourists.[46] At present, both the old and new Terminal 3 are connected, with new jet bridges on the left side of the old terminal.

Terminal 3 is equipped with BHS level 5 to detect bombs, an Airport Security System (ASS) which can control up to 600 CCTVs to detect faces who are available in the security register, an Intelligence Building Management System (IBMS) which can control uses of water and electricity (ecogreen), rain water system to produce clean water from rain, a recycled water system to produce toilet water from used toilet water, and illumination technology control to illuminate the terminal depending on the weather surrounding the terminal.[47] Terminal 3 will be able to serve 60 airplanes from the current 40 airplanes.[48]

Terminal 4

Angkasa Pura II has undertaken a plan to build Terminal 4, which will be located on the north side of runway 1.[49][50] The terminal will be located south of Terminal 3, and on the right side of Terminal 2. Terminal 4 will be built at the 4th stage. The terminal will be designed in the form of 'H' and use eco-friendly and modern design, similar to the design of Terminal 3. The terminal is expected to be operational by 2024.

Freight Terminal

The freight terminal is located on the east side of terminal 1. This terminal was used to handle cargo at the Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, both domestic and international cargo. In the newest master plan, the freight terminal will move to the west side of terminal 2 and have a larger capacity than the current terminal.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinations
AirAsia Johor Bahru, Kuala Lumpur–International
Air China Beijing–Capital
All Nippon Airways Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
Asiana Airlines Seoul–Incheon
Batik Air Ambon, Balikpapan, Banda Aceh, Bandar Lampung, Banjarmasin, Banyuwangi, Batam, Denpasar/Bali, Gorontalo, Guilin, Jambi, Jayapura, Kendari, Kunming[51][52], Kupang, Labuan Bajo, Lubuklinggau, Luwuk[53], Makassar, Manado, Manokwari, Mataram–Lombok, Medan, Merauke[54], Padang, Palangkaraya[55], Palembang, Palu, Pekanbaru, Penang[56][57], Pontianak, Samarinda, Semarang, Silangit, Singapore, Sorong, Surabaya, Tanjung Pandan[58], Tarakan, Ternate, Yogyakarta–Adisutjipto, Yogyakarta–International[59]
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong
Cebu Pacific Manila
China Airlines Hong Kong, Kaohsiung,[60] Taipei–Taoyuan
China Eastern Airlines Shanghai–Pudong
China Southern Airlines Guangzhou, Shenzhen
CitilinkBalikpapan, Banjarmasin, Banyuwangi,[61] Batam, Bengkulu, Dili, Denpasar/Bali, Jambi, Kuala Lumpur–International, Labuan Bajo, Makassar, Malang, Manado, Medan, Padang, Palangkaraya, Palembang, Pangkal Pinang, Pekanbaru, Penang, Phnom Penh (begins 21 June 2019)[62], Pontianak, Samarinda, Semarang, Silangit, Surabaya, Surakarta/Solo, Tanjung Pandan, Yogyakarta–Adisucipto
Charter: Dubai–Al Maktoum
Emirates Dubai–International
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa1
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi
EVA Air Taipei–Taoyuan
Flynas Charter: Jeddah
Garuda IndonesiaAmbon, Amsterdam, Balikpapan, Banda Aceh, Bandar Lampung, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Banjarmasin, Banyuwangi, Batam, Beijing–Capital, Bengkulu, Biak, Denpasar/Bali, Guangzhou, Gunung Sitoli, Hong Kong, Jambi, Jayapura, Jeddah, Kendari, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kupang, Labuan Bajo, London–Heathrow,[63] Makassar, Malang, Manado, Mataram–Lombok, Medan, Medina, Melbourne, Nagoya–Centrair,[64] Merauke, Osaka–Kansai, Padang, Palangkaraya, Palembang, Palu, Pangkal Pinang, Pekanbaru, Perth, Pontianak, Samarinda, Semarang, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Sibolga, Silangit, Singapore, Sorong, Surabaya, Surakarta/Solo, Sydney, Tanjung Pandan, Tanjung Pinang, Tarakan, Ternate, Tokyo–Haneda, Yogyakarta–Adisucipto
Charter: Christmas Island
Indonesia AirAsia Bangkok–Don Mueang, Denpasar/Bali, Kuala Lumpur–International, Medan, Penang, Singapore, Surabaya, Yogyakarta–Adisucipto
Japan Airlines Tokyo–Narita
Jet Asia Airways Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi
Jetstar Asia Airways Singapore
KLMAmsterdam, Kuala Lumpur–International
Korean AirSeoul–Incheon
Lion Air Ambon, Balikpapan, Banda Aceh, Bandar Lampung, Banjarmasin, Batam, Bengkulu, Denpasar/Bali, Jambi, Jayapura, Kendari, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kupang, Makassar, Malang, Manado, Mataram–Lombok, Medan, Padang, Palangkaraya, Palembang, Pangkal Pinang, Palu, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Semarang, Singapore, Surabaya, Surakarta/Solo, Tanjung Pandan, Tanjung Pinang, Tarakan, Ternate, Yogyakarta–Adisucipto
Charter: Haikou, Sanya
Malaysia Airlines Kuala Lumpur–International
Malindo Air Kuala Lumpur–International
NAM Air Banyuwangi, Bengkulu, Lubuklinggau, Muara Bungo, Palembang, Pangkal Pinang, Pangkalan Bun, Pontianak, Sampit, Semarang, Sorong, Surabaya, Surakarta/Solo, Tanjung Pandan
Oman Air Muscat
Philippine Airlines Manila
Qantas Sydney
Qatar Airways Doha
Royal Brunei Airlines Bandar Seri Begawan
Saudia Jeddah, Medina, Riyadh
Scoot Singapore
Shenzhen Airlines Shenzhen
Singapore Airlines Singapore
SriLankan Airlines Colombo
Sriwijaya Air Balikpapan, Bandar Lampung, Batam, Denpasar/Bali, Jayapura, Jambi, Makassar, Malang, Manado, Medan, Padang, Palembang, Pangkal Pinang, Pontianak, Semarang, Silangit, Surabaya, Surakarta/Solo, Tanjung Pandan, Tanjung Pinang, Yogyakarta–Adisucipto
Charter: Haikou, Zhangjiajie
Thai AirAsiaPhuket (begins 3 July 2019)[65]
Thai Airways Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi
Thai Lion Air Bangkok–Don Mueang
Trigana Air Service Pangkalan Bun
Turkish Airlines Istanbul
Uzbekistan Airways Kuala Lumpur–International, Tashkent[66][67]
Vietnam AirlinesHo Chi Minh City
XiamenAir Fuzhou, Xiamen

^1 Ethiopian Airlines flights to and from Jakarta stop in Bangkok. However, the airline doesn't have 5th freedom rights to transport passengers solely between Bangkok and Jakarta.

Cargo

Airlines Destinations
ANA Cargo Tokyo–Narita[68]
Asialink Cargo Airlines Pangkal Pinang[69]
Cardig Air Hanoi, Shenzhen, Singapore[70]
Cathay Pacific Cargo Hanoi, Hong Kong, Penang
China Airlines Cargo Singapore, Taipei–Taoyuan
FedEx Express Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh City, Singapore
K-Mile Air Singapore
Korean Air Cargo Ho Chi Minh City, Penang, Seoul–Incheon
MASkargo Kuala Lumpur–International
My Indo Airlines Singapore, Balikpapan, Semarang
Qatar Airways Cargo Doha[71]
Qantas Freight Sydney
Singapore Airlines Cargo Singapore
Raya Airways Kuala Lumpur–Subang
Tri-MG Intra Asia Airlines Batam, Kuala Lumpur–International, Singapore

Traffic and statistics

Busiest routes

Jakarta–Singapore is one of the world's busiest international air routes; passenger numbers of this route is growing fast. It was the second busiest international route in Asia after Hong Kong–Taipei in 2015.[72] Singapore Airlines alone operates more than 70 weekly flights between Jakarta & Singapore. Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta–Surabaya route is ranked ninth busiest in the world by IATA in 2016.[73] Jakarta–Singapore and Jakarta–Kuala Lumpur routes are ranked within the top ten of world's busiest international air routes in 2018.[74]

New traffic procedure

To ease congestion, the airport authority implemented a new traffic procedure, the 72 Improved Runway Capacity (IRC 72), to handle 72 planes per hour. This limited a plane to 30–45 minutes only for arrival and unloading of passengers, to allow other planes to use the parking space. Gradually it has been implemented and on 26 June 2014 IRC 72 has been implemented full for the period of 00:00am to 01:30am, 02:00am to 10:00am and 11:30pm to 00:00am with occupancy periods for aircraft are reduced from 110 seconds to 90 seconds of takeoff and from 65 seconds to 50 seconds for landing. The low time is from 04:00pm to 10:00pm with only maximum 32 flights/hour.[75] By 2015, IRC 72 will become IRC 86 with the opening of the new terminal.[76] As a comparison, London Heathrow Airport, which has 2 runways like SHIA, can handle 100 flights per hour, so the target for SHIA has been revised to 92 flights per hour by 2015.[77] As of July 2017, maximum flight frequency at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport had been increased to 81 take-offs and landings per hour to accommodate increasing demand from aviation companies.[78]

Airport facilities

Terminals 1 and 2 were designed to resemble a traditional joglo Javanese construction. The approach has been emphasized by the inclusion of well-maintained gardens located near all boarding areas. Terminal 3 and other new airport buildings use an eco-friendly and modern design.

Aircraft maintenance

Maintenance facilities for aircraft in Soekarno–Hatta International Airport are supported by GMF AeroAsia (Garuda Maintenance Facility). They include 480,000 square meters (5,200,000 sq ft) of built-up structures, including four hangars, a spares warehouse, workshops, utility buildings, a ground support equipment building, chemical stores, an engine test cell, and management offices. In addition, GMF AeroAsia has an apron capable of handling up to 50 aircraft, taxiways, a run-up bay and a waste treatment area, taking up 1,150,000 square meters (12,400,000 sq ft).

Hangar 1 was built in 1991 and was designed for Boeing 747s. It has two full docks and is 22,000 square meters (240,000 sq ft). Hangar 2 is 23,000 square meters (250,000 sq ft) and has 3 aircraft bays. It can perform minor A and B checks. It can hold up to one narrow body and one wide body jet. Hangar 3 is also 23,000 square meters (250,000 sq ft). It normally holds up to 3 narrow body aircraft, but can be configured to hold up to one wide body and one narrow body. It has 7 bays with 4 full docks, 6 roof-mounted cranes and one bay designed for McDonnell Douglas MD-11s, McDonnell Douglas DC-10s, and wide body Airbus A330s aircraft. Hangar 4 is 67,022 square meters (721,420 sq ft). The Hangar 4 was opened in 2015 and was designed for narrow body aircraft like B737s and A320s. It can handle 16 narrow body aircraft in one time.

Golf course

There is a golf course at the Soekarno–Hatta International Airport supported by the Cengkareng Golf Club. The golf course has been open since 1999. It is located on the left side of the airport main gate by the Sheraton Bandara Hotel. The Cengkareng Golf Club is in the 102-hectare (250-acre) Soewarna Business Park at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport. In 2005 and 2008, this golf course was used for Indonesia Open, a part of the PGA European Tour. There are 18 holes in the golf course.

Airport hotel

Soekarno–Hatta International Airport has a hotel, the Bandara International Hotel, managed by AccorHotels. The Bandara International Hotel, which is located on the left side of the main exit road from the airport, has 4 floors with 220 guest rooms. The airport now has other hotels, including budget such as Ibis Styles, Pop! Hotels, Swiss-Belhotel, Orchard Hotel, Swiss-Belinn, Ibis Budget and Amaris as an alternative. Terminal 3 of the airport has a Digital Airport Hotel or Capsule hotel with 120 rooms, which has Alpha-type and Beta-type rooms.[79]

Lounges

There are five airport lounges in the departure area. The Jasa Angkasa Semesta (JAS) Lounge is available for first and business class passengers of Cathay Pacific, Qantas, EVA Air, Saudia, and Singapore Airlines. The Pura Indah Lounge is available for first and business class passengers of Singapore Airlines, KLM, Malaysia Airlines, Emirates, Cathay Pacific, and China Airlines. The new Garuda Indonesia lounge is available for their business class and first class passengers only, as well as GECC and GarudaMiles gold and above cardholders. The BNI Executive Lounge is located next to the Garuda Indonesia Lounge, the lounge serve passengers from all airlines. Other lounges are available outside of the departures area, operated by companies such as Indosat, Sapphire, PT Mandara Jasindo Sena, Telkomsel, and XL Axiata. Since 2013, the only lounge in Terminal 1 was opened named Batik Air Business Class Lounge inside the waiting room C7. The Garuda Indonesia lounge has been moved to Terminal 3 Ultimate.

Other facilities

Shopping area at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport

The airport contains the head office of Garuda Indonesia, Garuda Indonesia Management Building, located within the Garuda Indonesia City Center.[80] Angkasa Pura II's head office is on the airport property.[81]

There are 21 reading corners located in the waiting rooms of Terminal 2D, 2E and 2F.[82] Shopping areas are also available in all terminals. Duty-free shops, souvenir shops, restaurants and a cafeteria can be found there. There is a new "Shopping Arcade" located in terminal 1C. There are no shops in the arrival zones of the terminals, except for Terminal 3, where several cafes and fast-food restaurant chains are located.

Lintasarta, Internux (via YelloChat Free WiFi) and Telkom Indonesia have provided WiFi networks for the airport. The three networks allow users to connect to another network if a specific one is operational. Since November 2013, Terminal 2 has free WiFi covering the whole terminal and free WiFi for Terminal 1 is servicing as of July 2014. Terminal 3 now has free WiFi covering since November 2014.

To handle the overcrowding of smoking rooms being used, airport authorities has drawn up plans to build a smoking area in a garden near the rest area in Terminal 1A. It was opened in January 2015 and it will be developed to other terminals, if necessary.[83]

Ground transportation

There are several transportation options available for access to the airport: local airport terminal shuttles, train, buses, taxi services of various kinds, and cars. There is free shuttle bus service and people maneuver system Skytrain to connect the terminals of the airport.

Bus

Several bus companies, including the state-owned DAMRI bus and private company Primajasa,[84] provide services to various destinations from the airport. Jabodetabek Airport Connexion which consist of Perum Damri, PPD, Big Bird dan Sinar Jaya Megah Langgeng serve routes from the airport to certain malls and hotels in Greater Jakarta.[85] The buses operate from 06.00 to 23.00 with routes:[86]

Travel time to and from the center of Jakarta (at the Gambir railway station) takes around 70 minutes, depending on traffic. Buses to the airport leave from the various terminals in central Jakarta (Gambir) and surrounding areas.

BUS - Shuttle service

Service Destination (Soetta Airport,Terminal 1, 2 and 3)
Shuttle Airport Bus
Agramas Pusat Grosir Cililitan East Jakarta
Citilink Shuttle Scientia Square Park South Tangerang
Citilink Shuttle SCBD Central Jakarta
Damri Bekasi Kayuringin Bus Terminal Bekasi
Damri Blok M Bus Terminal South Jakarta
Damri Botani Square Mall Bogor
Damri Cikarang Cikarang
Damri City Mall Cibinong Cibinong
Damri East Bekasi Bekasi
Damri Gambir Railway Station Central Jakarta
Damri Kampung Rambutan Bus Terminal East Jakarta
Damri Karawang Karawang
Damri Kemayoran Central Jakarta
Damri Kota Harapan Indah Bekasi
Damri Lippo Karawaci Mall Tangerang
Damri Mangga Dua Square Mall North Jakarta
Damri Pasar Minggu Bus Terminal South Jakarta
Damri Pramuka City Central Jakarta
Damri Pulo Gebang East Jakarta
Damri Purwakarta Purwakarta
Damri Rawamangun Bus Terminal East Jakarta
Damri Serang–Cilegon-Merak Banten
Damri Summarecon Bekasi Bekasi
Damri Tanjung Priok Bus Terminal North Jakarta
Damri WTC Serpong South Tangerang
Primajasa Bandung Batununggal Bandung
Primajasa Bandung Caringin Bandung
Hiba Utama Depok Bus Terminal Depok
Sinar Jaya Cileungsi Bus Terminal Bogor Regency
Redwhitestar Bandung Gedungsate Bandung
Primajasa RWS Bandung Diponegoro32 Bandung

JA Connexion Bus

Greater Jakarta Transportation Agency (BPTJ) operates this service, which uses air conditioned buses with comfortable seats and Wi-Fi.[87] The routes are:

  • Hotel Borobudur-Hotel Alia-Hotel Luminor-Airport.
  • Hotel Aryaduta-Hotel Sari Pan Pacific-Airport.
  • Hotel Grand Cemara-Hotel Ibis Thamrin-Hotel Milenium-Airport.
  • Hotel Sahid Jaya-Mall Grand Indonesia-Hotel Ascot-Airport.
  • Hotel Amaris Thamrin City-Airport.
  • Hotel Sahid Jaya Lippo Cikarang-Airport.
  • Bogor Trade Mall-Airport.
  • Mall Taman Anggrek-Airport.
  • Mall Plaza Senayan-Airport.
  • Mall ITC Cempaka Mas-Airport.
  • Mall Kelapa Gading-Airport.
  • Pondok Indah Mall-Airport
  • ITC Tanah Abang-Airport.
  • Bubulak-Bukit Cimanggu City(Bogor Icon)-Sentul-Airport
  • Pondok Gede (Transmart Atrium) - Airport.
  • Taman mini (Tamini Square) - Airport.

Inter-terminal shuttle service

Soekarno–Hatta International Airport provides a free shuttle bus which connects Terminals 1, 2 and 3. Airport shuttle bus can be found at arrival hall of Terminal 1A–1B–1C, on the eastern wing of arrival hall of Terminal 2F and in front of departure hall of Terminal 3

Taxicab

The airport is connected to Jakarta's city center via the Prof. Dr. Ir. Soedijatmo Toll Road. There is extensive car parking, including long-stay facilities, at the airport. Various taxi and shuttle services are provided by several operators.

Rail transport

SkyTrain (inter-terminal shuttle service)

See also: Soekarno-Hatta Airport Skytrain
Skytrain
Legend
 Soekarno–Hatta Terminal 3
Soekarno–Hatta Terminal 2
Soekarno–Hatta Terminal 1
Integrated Terminal Building
 SHIA
Skytrain Depot
Soekarno–Hatta Airport
Rail Link to Manggarai
This diagram:
Skytrain Automated People Mover for inter-terminal airport shuttle service

The plan to build an airport automated people mover system to connect Terminals 1, 2, and 3, and the Airport Rail Link Station, was announced in 2013.[88] Starting on 17 September 2017, the people mover, named SkyTrain, is officially opened to connect Terminal 3 and Terminal 2 vice versa, with a headway of 5 minutes. One set of SkyTrain can serve 2x88 passengers. It temporarily operates between 07.00–10.00, 13.00–14.00 and 17.00–19.00.[89]

See also: Soekarno-Hatta Airport Rail Link

Soekarno–Hatta Airport Rail Link connects Jakarta city center with the airport. The train takes 45–55 minutes from Manggarai station at South Jakarta to SHIA station. Each train accommodates up to 272 passengers and will serve about 35,000 passengers with 122 trips a day, when fully operational.[90] There is a 30 minutes interval between the train departures. As Manggarai station is under renovation, Sudirman Baru station is being temporarily as terminus for the city center.[91] The airport train currently makes 42 trips daily between 3.51 a.m. and 9.51 p.m., departing from Sudirman Baru station in to SHIA, with a stop at Batuceper station. Trips from Soekarno-Hatta to Sudirman Baru runs from 6.10 a.m. to 11.10 p.m., departing every hour.[92] The ticket price for the journey is IDR70 thousand (US$5). Passengers can only book train tickets using credit and debit cards, as well as electronic money via Railink app available for smartphones or vending machines at stations.

An express line between Halim Perdanakusuma Airport and the airport is under planning stage, to be built by an investor as a public–private partnership.[93][94] The express train will take 30 minutes to connect the airports.[95] In early 2015, government changed the fund from participation to not funding at all, so the contract for Rp 28 billion will be revised, including new rail express tariff. The construction of this line has been delayed and completion is now projected to be in 2019 at the earliest.[96]

Accidents and incidents

  • On 28 October 1997, a Trigana Air Service Fokker F-28 Fellowship 3000 passenger plane returned to land at Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta International Airport after the aircraft experienced technical problems two minutes after takeoff. Smoke and severe heat had entered cockpit and the passenger cabin. The airplane sustained damage due to the heat.[97]
  • On 23 January 2003, a Star Air Boeing 737 touched down 500 meters (1,600 ft) past the threshold of runway 25L, a little left of the centerline, at a time of heavy rainfall with associated heavy winds. It went off the side of the runway, causing substantial damage to the aircraft's undercarriage and belly.[98]
  • 2003 Soekarno–Hatta International Airport bombing – On 27 April 2003, a bomb exploded in terminal 2, departure hall of domestic terminal. The bomb was hidden under a table of a KFC stall and exploded during lunch hours. 10 people were injured in the blast, one 17 year old teenager identified as Yuli was seriously injured. Her legs had to be amputated. Emergency services were rushed to the scene and suspected that the motive of the bombing was due to the Free Aceh Movement, a separatist movement in Aceh. This was proved by the location of the blast, which was located on the domestic passenger hall rather than on the international passenger hall.[99][100][101][102]
  • On 11 August 2003, a Garuda Indonesia Fokker F-28 Fellowship 3000R suffered a left main gear collapse after a flight from Surabaya.[103]
  • On 9 March 2009, a Lion Air MD-90 overran runway 25L, due to an unstable approach 100 meters (330 ft) before the runway in rainfall and strong winds, in which the aircraft touched down to the left of the centerline. Although its thrust reversers were functioning, it veered to the right, resulting in the aircraft resting 90 degrees off the runway.[104]
  • On 29 October 2018, Lion Air Flight 610, operating with a Boeing 737-MAX 8, crashed into the Java Sea 13 minutes after taking off from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport. The flight was a scheduled domestic flight to Depati Amir Airport, Pangkal Pinang, Indonesia. All 189 passengers and crews on board were killed in the crash.[105]

Awards

In 1995, the landscaping of Soekarno–Hatta airport was awarded by Aga Khan Award for Architecture as one of the best example of integrating the terminal building pavilions, with lush tropical garden harmoniously.[106]

Soekarno–Hatta International Airport was ranked fourth on the Skytrax World's Most Improved Airport 2014 list based on surveys of 12.85 million passengers from 110 countries.[107] Skytrax also ranked Soekarno–Hatta International Airport as a 3-Star Airport.[108]

In 2017, Soekarno–Hatta International Airport was ranked first on the Skytrax World's Most Improved Airport 2017.[109][110]

  • The former main entrance gate at Prof. Dr. Ir. Soedijatmo Toll Road
    The former main entrance gate at Prof. Dr. Ir. Soedijatmo Toll Road
  • The former site of the statue of Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta
    The former site of the statue of Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta
  • Terminal 2
    Terminal 2
  • Tower
    Tower
  • Terminal building with gardens
    Terminal building with gardens
  • Check in desks in terminal 2
    Check in desks in terminal 2
  • Gate lounge in terminal 2
    Gate lounge in terminal 2
  • Baggage claim at terminal 2
    Baggage claim at terminal 2
  • Arrival Hall terminal 2F
    Arrival Hall terminal 2F
  • The old Terminal 3
    The old Terminal 3
  • Dropoff bays at the departure area of Terminal 3.
    Dropoff bays at the departure area of Terminal 3.
  • Welcome signage at the arrival area of Terminal 3.
    Welcome signage at the arrival area of Terminal 3.
  • Directional signage at the departure area of Terminal 3.
    Directional signage at the departure area of Terminal 3.
  • A view of the Terminal 3 building.
    A view of the Terminal 3 building.
  • The airport welcome sign along the tarmac in front of Terminal 2
    The airport welcome sign along the tarmac in front of Terminal 2
  • The luggage carousels at the arrival area of Terminal 3.
    The luggage carousels at the arrival area of Terminal 3.

See also

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