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Hanun-Dagan

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Hanun-Dagan
Shakkanakku and king of Mari
Reignc. 2016 – 2008 BC Middle Chronology
PredecessorHitlal-Erra
Shakkanakku and king of Mari

Hanun-Dagan (meaning "Dagan is merciful"),[1] was the Shakkanakku and king (Lugal) of Mari reigning c. 2008-2016 BC.[2] He was the brother of his predecessor Hitlal-Erra,[3] and is recorded as the son of Shakkanakku Puzur-Ishtar on a seal discovered in the city.[4] Although the title of Shakkanakku designated a military governor,[5] the title holders in Mari were independent monarchs,[6] and nominally under the vassalage of the Ur III dynasty.[7] Some Shakkanakkus used the royal title Lugal in their votive inscriptions, while using the title of Shakkanakku in their correspondence with the Ur's court,[8] and it is certain that Hanun-Dagan used the royal title.[9]

Hanun-Dagan was a contemporary of Ibbi-Sin of Ur,[10] and is credited with renovating the Royal Palace of Mari.[11] Unlike most of their predecessors who bore Akkadian names, both Hanun-Dagan and his brother Hitlal-Erra bore Amorite names,[12] and seals in Mari records Hitlal-Erra as a military official under Puzur-Ishtar, leading Piotr Michalowski to suspect a coup that deposed the family of Puzur-Ishtar and replaced it with Hanun-Dagan's family.[13] The succession of Shakkanakkus following Hanun-Dagan's reign is difficult to determine as the lists are full of gaps.[10]

Shakkanakku Hanun-Dagan of Mari
Regnal titles
Preceded by Shakkanakku of Mari
2016-2008 BC 		Succeeded by

Citations

  1. ^ Lluís Feliu (2003). The God Dagan in Bronze Age Syria. p. 60.
  2. ^ Georges Roux (1992). Ancient Iraq. p. 690.
  3. ^ Gwendolyn Leick (2002). Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. p. 86.
  4. ^ Gwendolyn Leick (2002). Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. p. 67.
  5. ^ Cyrus Herzl Gordon; Gary Rendsburg; Nathan H. Winter (2002). Eblaitica vol.4. p. 64.
  6. ^ Trevor Bryce (2009). The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire. p. 451.
  7. ^ Trevor Bryce (2014). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. p. 18.
  8. ^ Cyrus Herzl Gordon; Gary Rendsburg; Nathan H. Winter (2002). Eblaitica vol.4. p. 132.
  9. ^ Juan Oliva (2008). Textos para un historia política de Siria-Palestina I (in Spanish). p. 91.
  10. ^ a b Douglas Frayne (1990). Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 BC). p. 593.
  11. ^ Harriet Crawford (2013). The Sumerian World. p. 987.
  12. ^ Wolfgang Heimpel (2003). Letters to the King of Mari: A New Translation, with Historical Introduction, Notes, and Commentary. p. 22.
  13. ^ Piotr Michalowski (2004). 2000 v. Chr. Politische, wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Entwicklung im Zeichen einer Jahrtausendwende: 3. Internationales Colloquium der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 4.-7. April 2004 in Frankfurt/Main und Marburg/Lahn - The Ideological Foundations of the Ur III State. p. 233.
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