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Enakalle

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Enakalle
𒂍𒀭𒁕𒊬
King of Umma
Stone tablet for the dedication of a temple, inscribed by Il, king of Umma, c. 2400 BC, and mentioning his father Eandamu (𒂍𒀭𒁕𒊬), and his grandfather King Enakalle. Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago
Reignc. 2500  BC – 2400  BC
PredecessorUsh
SuccessorUr-Lumma (son)
Dynasty1st Dynasty of Umma

Enakalle (Template:Lang-sux, EN.A.KAL-le), or Enakalli, was the king of Umma circa 2500–2400 BC, a Sumerian city-state, during the Early Dynastic III period (2600–2350 BC).

Enakalle in the cone of Entemena

His predecessor Ush, ruler of Umma, attacked nearby Lagash after ripping out the stele of Mesilim, trying to take Gu-Edin, as recording in the Cone of Entemena.[1][2] Ush was severely defeated by Eannatum of Lagash, in a battle recorded in the Stele of the Vultures, losing 3,600 men in battle, and being toppled and put to death by his own people in Lagash.[3]

Enakalle, his successor, finally made a peace treaty with Eannatum of Lagash, as described in the Cone of Entemena:[1][2][3]

32–38

𒂍𒀭𒈾𒁺 𒉺𒋼𒋛 𒉢𒁓𒆷𒆠 𒉺𒄑𒉋𒂵 𒂗𒋼𒈨𒈾 𒉺𒋼𒋛 𒉢𒁓𒆷𒆠𒅗𒆤
e2-an-na-tum2 ensi2 lagaški pa-bil3-ga en-mete-na ensi2 lagaški-ka-ke4
"Eannatum, ruler of Lagash, uncle of Entemena, ruler of Lagaš"
39–42
𒂗𒀉𒆗𒇷 𒉺𒋼𒋛 𒄑𒆵𒆠𒁕 𒆠 𒂊𒁕𒋩
en-a2-kal-le ensi2 ummaki-da ki e-da-sur
"fixed the border with Enakalle, ruler of Umma"
Extract from the Cone of Enmetena, Room 236 Reference AO 3004, Louvre Museum.[4][5]

class=notpageimage|
Il was king of Umma, circa 2400 BCE.

Enakalle in inscriptions

Ur-Lumma was the son of Enakalle, and his successor. He challenged Enannatum I, but was defeated by his successor Enmetena.[6][7]

  • Inscription with the name of Enakalle, and standard Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform.
    Inscription with the name of Enakalle, and standard Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform.
  • Dedication tablet by Ur-Lumma: "For Enki-gal, Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, son of Enakalle, king of Umma, built (his) temple".[8]
    Dedication tablet by Ur-Lumma: "For Enki-gal, Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, son of Enakalle, king of Umma, built (his) temple".[8]
  • Votive plate of Queen Bara-irnum of Umma, "wife of Gishakidu, king of Umma, daughter of Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, grand-daughter of Enakalle, king of Umma, daughter-in-law of Il, king of Umma", to God Shara, in gratitude for sparing her life.[9][10]
    Votive plate of Queen Bara-irnum of Umma, "wife of Gishakidu, king of Umma, daughter of Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, grand-daughter of Enakalle, king of Umma, daughter-in-law of Il, king of Umma", to God Shara, in gratitude for sparing her life.[9][10]
  • "Enakalle" on the plate of queen Bara-irnun
    "Enakalle" on the plate of queen Bara-irnun

References

  1. ^ a b King 1994, pp. 126–128.
  2. ^ a b King & Hall 2006, pp. 171–173.
  3. ^ a b Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp, Ingo (2015). History & Philology (PDF). Walther Sallaberger & Ingo Schrakamp (eds), Brepols. pp. 74–76. ISBN 978-2-503-53494-7.
  4. ^ "Cone of Enmetena, king of Lagash". 2020.
  5. ^ "CDLI-Found Texts". cdli.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  6. ^ Van De Mieroop, Marc (2004). A History of the Ancient Near East: Ca. 3000-323 BC. Wiley. pp. 50–51. ISBN 9780631225522.
  7. ^ Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp, Ingo (2015). History & Philology (PDF). Walther Sallaberger & Ingo Schrakamp (eds), Brepols. pp. 74–80. ISBN 978-2-503-53494-7.
  8. ^ "Louvre Museum Official Website". cartelen.louvre.fr.
  9. ^ Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-58839-043-1.
  10. ^ Thomas, Ariane; Potts, Timothy (2020). Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins. Getty Publications. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-60606-649-2.

Sources


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