July 2

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July 2 is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 182 days remain until the end of the year.

It is the middle day of a non-leap year, because there are 182 days before and 182 days after. It falls on the same day of the week as New Year's Day (on non-leap years).

Events

• 626 - In fear of assassination, Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival brothers Li Yuanji and Li Jiancheng in the Incident at Xuanwu Gate. On September 4, Shimin's father abdicated to him, and so Shimin became Emperor Taizong of Tang, Emperor of China.
• 706 - In China, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang had the remains of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, his wife and recently-deceased ruling empress Wu Zetian, her son Li Xian, her grandson Li Chongrun, and granddaughter Li Xianhui all interred in a new tomb complex outside Chang'an known as the Qianling Mausoleum, located on Mount Liang.
• 963 - The imperial army proclaims Nicephorus Phocas to be Emperor of the Romans on the plains outside Cappadocian Caesarea.
• 1298 - The Battle of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg.
• 1561 - Menas, Emperor of Ethiopia defeats a revolt in Emfraz.
• 1578 - Martin Frobisher sights Baffin Island.
• 1582 - Battle of Yamazaki: Toyotomi Hideyoshi defeats Akechi Mitsuhide.
• 1613 - First English expedition from Massachusetts against Acadia - led by Samuel Argall.
• 1644 - English Civil War: Battle of Marston Moor.
• 1698 - Thomas Savery patented the first steam engine
• 1679 - Europeans first visit Minnesota and see headwaters of Mississippi - led by Daniel Greysolon de Du Luth.
• 1776 - The Continental Congress adopts a resolution severing ties with Great Britain; wording of the formal Declaration of Independence is not approved until July 4.
• 1777 - Vermont becomes the first American territory to abolish slavery.
• 1808 - Simon Fraser reaches Pacific near New Westminster.
• 1823 - "Bahia Independence Day" - the end of Portuguese rule in Brazil, with the final defeat of the diehard Portuguese crown loyalists in the province of Bahia.
• 1839 - Twenty miles off the coast of Cuba, 53 rebelling African slaves led by Joseph Cinque take over the slave ship Amistad.
• 1850 - The self-contained gas mask is patented by Benjamin J. Lane.
• 1853 - The Russian Army invades Turkey, beginning the Crimean War.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Second day of the Battle of Gettysburg.
• 1878 - The Brighton Beach Line (now the BMT Brighton Line) opens in the then-city of Brooklyn.
• 1881 - Charles J. Guiteau shoots and fatally wounds U.S. President James Garfield, who eventually dies from infection on September 19.
• 1890 - The U.S. Congress passes the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
• 1900 - First zeppelin flight on Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen, Germany.
• 1917 - Forty-eight die in rioting in East St. Louis, Illinois, as lower-paid black laborers clash with whites.
• 1934 - The end of the Night of the Long Knives, with the death of the German Military Officer Ernst Röhm
• 1937 - Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan disappear over the Pacific Ocean while attempting to make the first equatorial round-the-world flight.
• 1940 - Indian independence leader Subhas Chandra Bose arrested and detained in Calcutta.
• 1941 - Nazi massacre of Jews in Lutsk, Ukraine. Jewish men were summoned for work, about 2000 of them were taken to the Lubart Fortress and murdered. German soldiers from rearguard units stationed in the city participated in the murder.
• 1947 - An object speculated to be a UFO crashes near Roswell, New Mexico, though the United States Air Force claims it is a weather balloon.
• 1950 - Kinkaku-ji in Kyoto, Japan was burned down.
• 1962 - The first Wal-Mart store opens for business in Rogers, Arkansas.
• 1964 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits segregation in public places.
• 1966 - The French military explode their nuclear test bomb codenamed Aldébaran in Mururoa, their first nuclear test in the Pacific.
• 1976 - North and South Vietnam, divided since 1954, reunite to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
• 1979 - The first U.S. coin to honor a woman, the Susan B. Anthony dollar, is introduced.
• 1985 - Andrei Gromyko is appointed the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.
• 1990 - A stampede inside a pedestrian tunnel leads to the deaths of 1,426 pilgrims in Mecca during hajj.
• 2000 - Vicente Fox Quesada is elected the first President of México from an opposition party, the Partido Acción Nacional (PAN) after more than 70 years of continuous rule by the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI).
• 2001 - AbioCor self contained artificial heart created.
• 2002 - Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly solo around the world nonstop in a balloon.
• 2004 - ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) accepts Pakistan as the 24th member.

Births

• 419 - Valentinian III, Roman Emperor (d. 455)
• 1029 - Caliph Al-Mustansir of Cairo (d. 1094)
• 1262 - Arthur II, Duke of Brittany (d. 1312)
• 1489 - Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1556)
• 1492 - Elizabeth Tudor, English princess (d. 1495)
• 1647 - Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham, English privy councilor (d. 1730)
• 1665 - Samuel Penhallow, English-born American colonist and historian (d. 1726)
• 1667 - Pietro Ottoboni, Italian cardinal (d. 1740)
• 1714 - Christoph Willibald von Gluck, German composer (d. 1787)
• 1724 - Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, German poet (d. 1803)
• 1819 - Charles-Louis Hanon, French composer (d. 1900)
• 1820 - George Law Curry, Newspaper publisher and Governor of Oregon (d. 1878)
• 1821 - Charles Tupper, sixth Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1915)
• 1849 - Maria Theresia of Austria-Este, queen of Bavaria (d. 1919)
• 1862 - William Henry Bragg, English physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1942)
• 1865 - Lily Braun, German writer (d. 1916)
• 1876 - Wilhelm Cuno, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1933)
• 1877 - Hermann Hesse, German-born writer, Nobel laureate (d. 1962)
• 1881 - Royal H. Weller, American politician (d. 1929)
• 1884 - Alfons Maria Jakob, German neurologist (d. 1931)
• 1890 - Earl Roy Curry, religious thinker and Kirtland Temple overseer (d. 1980)
• 1893 - Ralph Hancock, Welsh garden designer (Rockefeller Center) (d. 1950)
• 1896 - Lydia Mei, Estonian artist (d. 1965)
• 1900 - Tyrone Guthrie, English actor (d. 1971)
• 1903 - Alec Douglas-Home, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1995)
• 1903 - King Olav V of Norway (d. 1991)
• 1904 - René Lacoste, French tennis player (d. 1996)
• 1906 - Hans Bethe, German-born nuclear physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2005)
• 1908 - Thurgood Marshall, American Supreme Court Justice (d. 1993)
• 1914 - Frederick Fennell, American conductor (d. 2004)
• 1914 - Mário Schenberg, Brazilian physicist (d. 1990)
• 1916 - Ken Curtis, American actor and singer (d. 1991)
• 1916 - Hans-Ulrich Rudel, Combat pilot and highest-decorated German soldier of WWII (d. 1982)
• 1917 - Murry Wilson, American musician and producer (The Beach Boys) (d. 1973)
• 1918 - Wibo, Dutch cartoonist (d. 2005)
• 1919 - Jean Craighead George, American writer
• 1923 - Wisława Szymborska, Polish writer, Nobel laureate
• 1925 - Medgar Evers, American civil rights activist (d. 1963)
• 1925 - Patrice Lumumba, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (d. 1961)
• 1926 - Octavian Paler, Romanian writer, journalist, (d. 2007)
• 1927 - Brock Peters, American actor (d. 2005)
• 1927 - Gene Ray, Founder of the Time Cube website and proponent of Time Cube philosophy
• 1929 - Imelda Marcos, First Lady of the Philippines
• 1929 - John A. Cade, American politician
• 1930 - Carlos Menem, President of Argentina
• 1932 - Dave Thomas, American fast food entrepreneur (d. 2002)
• 1933 - Kenny Wharram, Canadian hockey player
• 1934 - Tom Springfield, British singer and songwriter (The Springfields)
• 1937 - Polly Holliday, American actress
• 1937 - Richard Petty, American race car driver
• 1939 - John H. Sununu, White House Chief of Staff under George HW Bush
• 1939 - Alexandros Panagoulis, Greek politician and poet
• 1939 - Paul Williams, American singer (The Temptations) (d. 1973)
• 1940 - Kenneth Harry Clarke, British politician
• 1941 - Stéphane Venne, French Canadian songwriter
• 1942 - Vicente Fox, Former Mexican president
• 1943 - Walter Godefroot, Belgian cyclist
• 1946 - Richard Axel, American scientist, Nobel laureate
• 1946 - Ron Silver, American actor
• 1947 - Larry David, American television producer
• 1948 - Saul Rubinek, Canadian film actor
• 1948 - Gene McFadden, American songwriter (d. 2006)
• 1949 - Roy Bittan, American musician (E Street Band)
• 1949 - Hanno Pöschl, Austrian actor
• 1949 - Robert Paquette, French Canadian singer and songwriter
• 1953 - Mark Hart, British musician (Crowded House and Supertramp)
• 1953 - Tony Armas, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1954 - Pete Briquette, Irish musician (Boomtown Rats)
• 1955 - Andrew Divoff, Venezuelan actor
• 1955 - Kevin Michael Grace, Canadian journalist
• 1956 - Jerry Hall, American actress
• 1957 - Bret "Hitman" Hart, Canadian wrestler
• 1958 - Thomas Bickerton, American Methodist bishop
• 1959 - Mike Hallett, English snooker player
• 1960 - Terry Rossio, American screenwriter
• 1961 - Michael Lindsay, Voice actor
• 1963 - Mark Kermode, British film critic
• 1964 - José Canseco, Cuban-born American baseball player
• 1964 - Ozzie Canseco, Cuban-born American baseball player
• 1964 - Joe Magrane, American baseball player
• 1964 - Charles Robinson, American wrestling referee
• 1969 - Matthew Cox, American convicted felon
• 1970 - Yancy Butler, American actress
• 1970 - Colin Edwin, Australian musician (Porcupine Tree)
• 1970 - Scotty 2 Hotty, American wrestler
• 1970 - Monie Love, English rapper
• 1970 - Steve Morrow, Irish footballer
• 1971 - Evelyn Lau, Canadian author
• 1971 - Troy Brown, American football player
• 1973 - Peter Kay, British comedian
• 1974 - Sean Casey, American baseball player
• 1974 - Moon So-ri, South Korean actress
• 1974 - Matthew Reilly, Australian author
• 1974 - Rocky Gray, American musician
• 1975 - Erik Ohlsson, Swedish guitarist (Millencolin)
• 1975 - Eric Daze, French Canadian ice hockey player
• 1976 - Krisztián Lisztes, Hungarian footballer
• 1976 - Tomáš Vokoun, Czech hockey player
• 1978 - Jüri Ratas, Estonian politician
• 1979 - Sam Hornish, Jr., American race car driver
• 1979 - Joe Thornton, Canadian hockey player
• 1981 - Alex Koroknay-Palicz, American youth rights activist
• 1981 - Angel Pagán, Puerto Rican baseball player
• 1982 - Olivia Munn, American television hostess
• 1983 - Michelle Branch, American Singer (The Wreckers)
• 1984 - Johnny Weir, American figure skater
• 1984 - Thomas Kortegaard, Danish footballer
• 1985 - Rhett Bomar, American football player
• 1985 - Chad Henne, American football player
• 1985 - Ashley Tisdale, American actress and singer
• 1986 - Lindsay Lohan, American actress and singer
• 1992 - Stefan Roberts, British finance heir
• 1995 - Nick Byrne

Deaths

• 862 - St. Swithun, Bishop of Winchester(b. 789)
• 1298 - Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg, King of the Romans(b. 1220)
• 1504 - Ştefan cel Mare, Prince of Moldova (b. 1434)
• 1566 - Nostradamus, French astrologer (b. 1503)
• 1582 - Akechi Mitsuhide, Japanese samurai (b. 1528)
• 1591 - Vincenzo Galilei, Italian composer (b. 1520)
• 1621 - Thomas Harriot, English astronomer
• 1656 - François-Marie, comte de Broglie, Italian-born French commander (b. 1611)
• 1674 - Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1614)
• 1684 - John Rogers, president of Harvard University (b. 1630)
• 1743 - Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington, second Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• 1746 - Thomas Baker, English antiquarian (b. 1656)
• 1778 - Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Swiss philosopher (b. 1712)
• 1778 - Bathsheba Spooner, American murderer
• 1822 - Denmark Vesey, American who planned slave revolt, hanged (b. ca. 1767)
• 1833 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas, Argentine politician (b. 1757)
• 1843 - Samuel Hahnemann, German physician (b. 1755)
• 1850 - Robert Peel, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1788)
• 1903 - Ed Delahanty, American Hall of Fame baseball player (b. 1867)
• 1912 - Tom Richardson, English cricket player (b. 1870)
• 1914 - Joseph Chamberlain, Mayor of Birmingham and Father of Neville (b. 1836)
• 1915 - Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico (b. 1830)
• 1920 - William Louis Marshall, American general and engineer (b. 1846)
• 1926 - Émile Coué, French psychologist (b. 1857)
• 1929 - Gladys Brockwell, American actress (b. 1893)
• 1932 - Manuel II of Portugal (b. 1889)
• 1934 - Ernst Röhm, Nazi official (b. 1887)
• 1955 - Edward Lawson, Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross (b. 1873)
• 1961 - Ernest Hemingway, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
• 1964 - Glenn "Fireball" Roberts, American race car driver (b. 1929)
• 1966 - Jan Brzechwa, Polish poet (b. 1900)
• 1969 - Michael DiBiase, wrestler (b. 1923)
• 1972 - Joseph Fielding Smith, tenth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1876)
• 1973 - Betty Grable, American actress (b. 1916)
• 1973 - Chick Hafey, baseball player (b. 1903)
• 1973 - George McBride, baseball player (b. 1880)
• 1973 - Ferdinand Schörner, German field marshal (b. 1892)
• 1975 - James Robertson Justice, British actor (b. 1907)
• 1977 - Vladimir Nabokov, Russian-born writer (b. 1899)
• 1978 - Aris Alexandrou, Greek novelist, poet and translator (b. 1922)
• 1985 - David Purley, British Formula 1 driver (b. 1945)
• 1986 - Peanuts Lowrey, baseball player (b. 1917)
• 1989 - Franklin Schaffner, American film director (b. 1920)
• 1989 - Andrei Gromyko, Soviet politician (b. 1909)
• 1991 - Lee Remick, American actress (b. 1935)
• 1992 - Camarón de la Isla, Spanish flamenco singer (b. 1950)
• 1993 - Fred Gwynne, American actor (b. 1926)
• 1994 - Andrés Escobar, Colombian footballer (b. 1967)
• 1995 - Krissy Taylor, American model (b. 1978)
• 1997 - Jimmy Stewart, American actor (b. 1908)
• 1999 - Mario Puzo, American author (b. 1920)
• 2002 - Ray Brown, American jazz bassist (b. 1926)
• 2004 - Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, Portuguese writer (b. 1919)
• 2004 - John Cullen Murphy, American comic strip artist (b. 1919)
• 2005 - Ernest Lehman, American screenwriter (b. 1915)
• 2006 - Jan Murray, American comedian (b. 1916)

Holidays and observances

• Palio di Provenzano in Siena, Italy
• Canada Day. Under the Holidays Act, Canada Day is always observed on July 1 unless that date falls on a Sunday, in which case it is observed on July 2.
• Originally, in the Roman Catholic Church, the Feast of the Visitation was celebrated on this day, although it has since been transferred to May 31
• Aberoh and Atom
• Saint Bernardino Realino (d. 1616)
• Saint John Regis
• Saint Martial
• Saint Otto, bishop of Bamberg (d. 1139)
• Saint Oudoceus, bishop of Landaff
• Saints Processus and Martinianus, martyrs
• Saint Swithun, bishop of Winchester, confessor
• Saint Monegundes, matron, recluse
• Annual pilgrimage at Mariánska hora

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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