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Template:PBB Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC29A1 gene.^[1]^[2] Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene.^[3]

Function

This gene is a member of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter family. The gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein that localizes to the plasma and mitochondrial membranes and mediates the cellular uptake of nucleosides from the surrounding medium. The protein is categorized as an equilibrative (as opposed to concentrative) transporter that is sensitive to inhibition by nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR). Nucleoside transporters are required for nucleotide synthesis in cells that lack de novo nucleoside synthesis pathways, and are also necessary for the uptake of cytotoxic nucleosides used for cancer and viral chemotherapies.^[3]

Genomics

The gene encoding this protein is located on the short arm of chromosome 6 at 6p21.2-p21.1 on the Watson (plus) strand. It is 14,647 bases in length. The encoded protein has 456 amino acid residues with 11 predicted transmembrane domains. The predicted molecular weight is 50.219 kiloDaltons. The protein is post translationally glycosylated and expressed in all tissue with the apparent exception of skeletal muscle. The highest levels are found in the liver, heart, testis, spleen, lung, kidney and brain.

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.^{[§ 1]}

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|alt=Fluorouracil (5-FU) Activity edit]]

Fluorouracil (5-FU) Activity edit

^ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "FluoropyrimidineActivity_WP1601".

Clinical

Mutations in this gene have been associated with H syndrome, pigmented hypertrichosis with insulin dependent diabetes and Faisalabad histiocytosis.^[4]

References

^ Griffiths M, Beaumont N, Yao SY, Sundaram M, Boumah CE, Davies A, Kwong FY, Coe I, Cass CE, Young JD, Baldwin SA (1997). "Cloning of a human nucleoside transporter implicated in the cellular uptake of adenosine and chemotherapeutic drugs". Nat Med. 3 (1): 89–93. doi:10.1038/nm0197-89. PMID 8986748. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Coe IR, Griffiths M, Young JD, Baldwin SA, Cass CE (1998). "Assignment of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT1) to 6p21.1-p21.2". Genomics. 45 (2): 459–60. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4928. PMID 9344680. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: SLC29A1 solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1".
^ Bolze A, Abhyankar A, Grant AV, Patel B, Yadav R, Byun M, Caillez D, Emile JF, Pastor-Anglada M, Abel L, Puel A, Govindarajan R, de Pontual L, Casanova JL (2012). "A Mild Form of SLC29A3 Disorder: A Frameshift Deletion Leads to the Paradoxical Translation of an Otherwise Noncoding mRNA Splice Variant". PLoS ONE. 7 (1): e29708. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029708. PMID 22238637.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Griffiths M, Yao SY, Abidi F; et al. (1998). "Molecular cloning and characterization of a nitrobenzylthioinosine-insensitive (ei) equilibrative nucleoside transporter from human placenta". Biochem. J. 328 (3): 739–43. PMC 1218980. PMID 9396714. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Lum PY, Ngo LY, Bakken AH, Unadkat JD (2000). "Human intestinal es nucleoside transporter: molecular characterization and nucleoside inhibitory profiles". Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 45 (4): 273–8. doi:10.1007/s002800050040. PMID 10755314.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Sundaram M, Yao SY, Ingram JC; et al. (2002). "Topology of a human equilibrative, nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive nucleoside transporter (hENT1) implicated in the cellular uptake of adenosine and anti-cancer drugs". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (48): 45270–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107169200. PMID 11584005. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
SenGupta DJ, Lum PY, Lai Y; et al. (2002). "A single glycine mutation in the equilibrative nucleoside transporter gene, hENT1, alters nucleoside transport activity and sensitivity to nitrobenzylthioinosine". Biochemistry. 41 (5): 1512–9. doi:10.1021/bi015833w. PMID 11814344. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Yao SY, Ng AM, Vickers MF; et al. (2002). "Functional and molecular characterization of nucleobase transport by recombinant human and rat equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 and 2. Chimeric constructs reveal a role for the ENT2 helix 5-6 region in nucleobase translocation". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (28): 24938–48. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200966200. PMID 12006583. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Galmarini CM, Thomas X, Calvo F; et al. (2002). "Potential mechanisms of resistance to cytarabine in AML patients". Leuk. Res. 26 (7): 621–9. doi:10.1016/S0145-2126(01)00184-9. PMID 12008078. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Lai Y, Bakken AH, Unadkat JD (2002). "Simultaneous expression of hCNT1-CFP and hENT1-YFP in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Localization and vectorial transport studies". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (40): 37711–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204986200. PMID 12097333.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Sankar N, Machado J, Abdulla P; et al. (2002). "Comparative genomic analysis of equilibrative nucleoside transporters suggests conserved protein structure despite limited sequence identity". Nucleic Acids Res. 30 (20): 4339–50. doi:10.1093/nar/gkf564. PMID 12384580. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Reiman T, Clarke ML, Dabbagh L; et al. (2003). "Differential expression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) protein in the Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease". Leuk. Lymphoma. 43 (7): 1435–40. doi:10.1080/1042819022386725. PMID 12389626. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Mangravite LM, Xiao G, Giacomini KM (2003). "Localization of human equilibrative nucleoside transporters, hENT1 and hENT2, in renal epithelial cells". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 284 (5): F902–10. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00215.2002. PMID 12527552.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Szkotak AJ, Ng AM, Man SF; et al. (2003). "Coupling of CFTR-mediated anion secretion to nucleoside transporters and adenosine homeostasis in Calu-3 cells". J. Membr. Biol. 192 (3): 169–79. doi:10.1007/s00232-002-1073-x. PMID 12820662. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Lai Y, Tse CM, Unadkat JD (2004). "Mitochondrial expression of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) results in enhanced mitochondrial toxicity of antiviral drugs". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (6): 4490–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M307938200. PMID 14607828.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Lehner B, Semple JI, Brown SE; et al. (2004). "Analysis of a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid system and its use to predict the function of intracellular proteins encoded within the human MHC class III region". Genomics. 83 (1): 153–67. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00235-0. PMID 14667819. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T; et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Endres CJ, Sengupta DJ, Unadkat JD (2004). "Mutation of leucine-92 selectively reduces the apparent affinity of inosine, guanosine, NBMPR [S6-(4-nitrobenzyl)-mercaptopurine riboside] and dilazep for the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter, hENT1". Biochem. J. 380 (Pt 1): 131–7. doi:10.1042/BJ20031880. PMC 1224139. PMID 14759222.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

This membrane protein–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[WikiPathways-4] The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "FluoropyrimidineActivity_WP1601".

[pmid8986748-1] Griffiths M, Beaumont N, Yao SY, Sundaram M, Boumah CE, Davies A, Kwong FY, Coe I, Cass CE, Young JD, Baldwin SA (1997). "Cloning of a human nucleoside transporter implicated in the cellular uptake of adenosine and chemotherapeutic drugs". Nat Med. 3 (1): 89–93. doi:10.1038/nm0197-89. PMID 8986748. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[pmid9344680-2] Coe IR, Griffiths M, Young JD, Baldwin SA, Cass CE (1998). "Assignment of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT1) to 6p21.1-p21.2". Genomics. 45 (2): 459–60. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4928. PMID 9344680. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[entrez-3] "Entrez Gene: SLC29A1 solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1".

[pmid22238637-5] Bolze A, Abhyankar A, Grant AV, Patel B, Yadav R, Byun M, Caillez D, Emile JF, Pastor-Anglada M, Abel L, Puel A, Govindarajan R, de Pontual L, Casanova JL (2012). "A Mild Form of SLC29A3 Disorder: A Frameshift Deletion Leads to the Paradoxical Translation of an Otherwise Noncoding mRNA Splice Variant". PLoS ONE. 7 (1): e29708. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029708. PMID 22238637.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

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[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{PBB|geneid=2030}}
+'''Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1''' ('''ENT1''') is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC29A1'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8986748">{{cite journal | author = Griffiths M, Beaumont N, Yao SY, Sundaram M, Boumah CE, Davies A, Kwong FY, Coe I, Cass CE, Young JD, Baldwin SA | title = Cloning of a human nucleoside transporter implicated in the cellular uptake of adenosine and chemotherapeutic drugs | journal = Nat Med | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 89–93 | year = 1997 | month = Jan | pmid = 8986748 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1038/nm0197-89  }}</ref><ref name="pmid9344680">{{cite journal | author = Coe IR, Griffiths M, Young JD, Baldwin SA, Cass CE | title = Assignment of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT1) to 6p21.1-p21.2 | journal = Genomics | volume = 45 | issue = 2 | pages = 459–60 | year = 1998 | month = Feb | pmid = 9344680 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1006/geno.1997.4928 }}</ref> Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene.<ref name="entrez"/>
+== Function ==
-'''Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1''' ('''ENT1''') is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC29A1'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8986748">{{cite journal | author = Griffiths M, Beaumont N, Yao SY, Sundaram M, Boumah CE, Davies A, Kwong FY, Coe I, Cass CE, Young JD, Baldwin SA | title = Cloning of a human nucleoside transporter implicated in the cellular uptake of adenosine and chemotherapeutic drugs | journal = Nat Med | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 89–93 | year = 1997 | month = Jan | pmid = 8986748 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1038/nm0197-89  }}</ref><ref name="pmid9344680">{{cite journal | author = Coe IR, Griffiths M, Young JD, Baldwin SA, Cass CE | title = Assignment of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT1) to 6p21.1-p21.2 | journal = Genomics | volume = 45 | issue = 2 | pages = 459–60 | year = 1998 | month = Feb | pmid = 9344680 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1006/geno.1997.4928 }}</ref>
+This gene is a member of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter family. The gene encodes a transmembrane [[glycoprotein]] that localizes to the plasma and mitochondrial membranes and mediates the cellular uptake of [[nucleoside]]s from the surrounding medium. The protein is categorized as an equilibrative (as opposed to concentrative) transporter that is sensitive to inhibition by [[nitrobenzylthioinosine]] (NBMPR). Nucleoside transporters are required for nucleotide synthesis in cells that lack ''de novo'' nucleoside synthesis pathways, and are also necessary for the uptake of cytotoxic nucleosides used for cancer and viral chemotherapies.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SLC29A1 solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2030| accessdate = }}</ref>
-<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
-{{PBB_Summary
-| section_title =
-| summary_text = This gene is a member of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter family. The gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein that localizes to the plasma and mitochondrial membranes and mediates the cellular uptake of nucleosides from the surrounding medium. The protein is categorized as an equilibrative (as opposed to concentrative) transporter that is sensitive to inhibition by nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR). Nucleoside transporters are required for nucleotide synthesis in cells that lack ''de novo'' nucleoside synthesis pathways, and are also necessary for the uptake of cytotoxic nucleosides used for cancer and viral chemotherapies. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SLC29A1 solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2030| accessdate = }}</ref>
-}}
 ==Genomics==
@@ Line 18: / Line 15: @@
 ==Clinical==
-Mutations in this gene have been associated with [[H syndrome]], [[pigmented hypertrichosis]] with insulin dependent diabetes and [[Faisalabad histiocytosis]].<ref name=Bolze2012>Bolze A, Abhyankar A, Grant AV, Patel B, Yadav R, Byun M, Caillez D, Emile JF, Pastor-Anglada M, Abel L, Puel A, Govindarajan R, de Pontual L, Casanova JL (2012) A mild form of SLC29A3 disorder: A frameshift deletion leads to the paradoxical translation of an otherwise noncoding mRNA splice variant. PLoS One 7(1):e29708.</ref>
+Mutations in this gene have been associated with [[H syndrome]], pigmented [[hypertrichosis]] with insulin dependent diabetes and [[Faisalabad histiocytosis]].<ref name="pmid22238637">{{cite journal | author = Bolze A, Abhyankar A, Grant AV, Patel B, Yadav R, Byun M, Caillez D, Emile JF, Pastor-Anglada M, Abel L, Puel A, Govindarajan R, de Pontual L, Casanova JL | title = A Mild Form of SLC29A3 Disorder: A Frameshift Deletion Leads to the Paradoxical Translation of an Otherwise Noncoding mRNA Splice Variant | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = e29708 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22238637 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0029708 }}</ref>
 == See also ==
@@ Line 30: / Line 27: @@
 == Further reading ==
 {{refbegin | 2}}
-{{PBB_Further_reading
-| citations =
 *{{cite journal  | author=Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB |title=Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=6 |issue= 9 |pages= 791–806 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8889548 |doi=10.1101/gr.6.9.791  }}
 *{{cite journal  | author=Griffiths M, Yao SY, Abidi F, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning and characterization of a nitrobenzylthioinosine-insensitive (ei) equilibrative nucleoside transporter from human placenta. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=328 |issue=  3|pages= 739–43 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9396714 |doi= |pmc=1218980}}
@@ Line 50: / Line 45: @@
 *{{cite journal  | author=Endres CJ, Sengupta DJ, Unadkat JD |title=Mutation of leucine-92 selectively reduces the apparent affinity of inosine, guanosine, NBMPR [S6-(4-nitrobenzyl)-mercaptopurine riboside] and dilazep for the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter, hENT1. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=380 |issue= Pt 1 |pages= 131–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14759222 |doi= 10.1042/BJ20031880 |pmc=1224139}}
 *{{cite journal  | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 |pmc=528928}}
-}}
 {{refend}}
@@ Line 56: / Line 50: @@
 {{Adenosinergics}}
 {{Membrane transport proteins}}
+{{membrane-protein-stub}}
-<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
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-| update_page = yes
-| require_manual_inspection = no
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-| update_summary = yes
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 [[Category:Solute carrier family]]
-{{membrane-protein-stub}}