R-type calcium channel
The R-type calcium channel is a type of voltage-dependent calcium channel. Like the others of this class, the α1 subunit forms the pore through which calcium enters the cell and determines most of the channel's properties. This α1 subunit is also known as the calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit (CACNA1E) or Cav2.3 which in humans is encoded by the CACNA1E gene.[1][2][3] They are strongly expressed in cortex, hippocampus, striatum, amygdala and interpeduncular nucleus. [4]
They are poorly understood, but like Q-type calcium channels, they appear to be present in cerebellar granule cells. They have a high threshold of activation and relatively slow kinetics.
References
- ^ "Entrez Gene: CACNA1E calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit".
- ^ Soong TW, Stea A, Hodson CD, Dubel SJ, Vincent SR, Snutch TP (May 1993). "Structure and functional expression of a member of the low voltage-activated calcium channel family". Science. 260 (5111): 1133–6. doi:10.1126/science.8388125. PMID 8388125.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Catterall WA, Perez-Reyes E, Snutch TP, Striessnig J (December 2005). "International Union of Pharmacology. XLVIII. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of voltage-gated calcium channels". Pharmacol. Rev. 57 (4): 411–25. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.5. PMID 16382099.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Parajuli, LK (September 2012). "Quantitative regional and ultrastructural localization of the Ca(v)2.3 subunit of R-type calcium channel in mouse brain". J Neurosci. 32 (39): 13555–67. PMID 23015445.
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Further reading
- McNaughton NC, Green PJ, Randall AD (2001). "Inhibition of human alpha1E subunit-mediated ca2+ channels by the antipsychotic agent chlorpromazine". Acta Physiol. Scand. 173 (4): 401–8. doi:10.1046/j.1365-201X.2001.00914.x. PMID 11903132.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Berrou L, Klein H, Bernatchez G, Parent L (2002). "A specific tryptophan in the I-II linker is a key determinant of beta-subunit binding and modulation in Ca(V)2.3 calcium channels". Biophys. J. 83 (3): 1429–42. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(02)73914-3. PMC 1302242. PMID 12202369.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Raybaud A, Baspinar EE, Dionne F; et al. (2007). "The role of distal S6 hydrophobic residues in the voltage-dependent gating of CaV2.3 channels". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (38): 27944–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M703895200. PMID 17660294.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - Toro-Castillo C, Thapliyal A, Gonzalez-Ochoa H; et al. (2007). "Muscarinic modulation of Cav2.3 (R-type) calcium channels is antagonized by RGS3 and RGS3T". Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. 292 (1): C573–80. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00219.2006. PMID 16855219.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Catterall WA, Perez-Reyes E, Snutch TP, Striessnig J (2005). "International Union of Pharmacology. XLVIII. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of voltage-gated calcium channels". Pharmacol. Rev. 57 (4): 411–25. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.5. PMID 16382099.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Kang HW, Moon HJ, Joo SH, Lee JH (2007). "Histidine residues in the IS3-IS4 loop are critical for nickel-sensitive inhibition of the Cav2.3 calcium channel". FEBS Lett. 581 (30): 5774–80. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.045. PMID 18037383.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Natrajan R, Little SE, Reis-Filho JS; et al. (2006). "Amplification and overexpression of CACNA1E correlates with relapse in favorable histology Wilms' tumors". Clin. Cancer Res. 12 (24): 7284–93. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1567. PMID 17189400.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Holmkvist J, Tojjar D, Almgren P; et al. (2007). "Polymorphisms in the gene encoding the voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel Ca (V)2.3 (CACNA1E) are associated with type 2 diabetes and impaired insulin secretion". Diabetologia. 50 (12): 2467–75. doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0846-2. PMID 17934712.
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{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Hainsworth AH, McNaughton NC, Pereverzev A; et al. (2003). "Actions of sipatrigine, 202W92 and lamotrigine on R-type and T-type Ca2+ channel currents". Eur. J. Pharmacol. 467 (1–3): 77–80. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(03)01625-X. PMID 12706458.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Kamp MA, Krieger A, Henry M; et al. (2005). "Presynaptic 'Ca2.3-containing' E-type Ca channels share dual roles during neurotransmitter release". Eur. J. Neurosci. 21 (6): 1617–25. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03984.x. PMID 15845089.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Berrou L, Bernatchez G, Parent L (2001). "Molecular determinants of inactivation within the I-II linker of alpha1E (CaV2.3) calcium channels". Biophys. J. 80 (1): 215–28. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(01)76008-0. PMC 1301227. PMID 11159396.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Meza U, Thapliyal A, Bannister RA, Adams BA (2007). "Neurokinin 1 receptors trigger overlapping stimulation and inhibition of CaV2.3 (R-type) calcium channels". Mol. Pharmacol. 71 (1): 284–93. doi:10.1124/mol.106.028530. PMID 17050807.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T; et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Bernatchez G, Sauvé R, Parent L (2001). "State-dependent inhibition of inactivation-deficient Ca(V)1.2 and Ca(V)2.3 channels by mibefradil". J. Membr. Biol. 184 (2): 143–59. doi:10.1007/s00232-001-0083-4. PMID 11719851.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Pereverzev A, Leroy J, Krieger A; et al. (2002). "Alternate splicing in the cytosolic II-III loop and the carboxy terminus of human E-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels: electrophysiological characterization of isoforms". Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 21 (2): 352–65. doi:10.1006/mcne.2002.1179. PMID 12401453.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Fernandez F, Curtain RP, Colson NJ; et al. (2007). "Association analysis of chromosome 1 migraine candidate genes". BMC Med. Genet. 8: 57. doi:10.1186/1471-2350-8-57. PMC 2034370. PMID 17727731.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - Vajna R, Klöckner U, Pereverzev A; et al. (2001). "Functional coupling between 'R-type' Ca2+ channels and insulin secretion in the insulinoma cell line INS-1". Eur. J. Biochem. 268 (4): 1066–75. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.01969.x. PMID 11179973.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Muller YL, Hanson RL, Zimmerman C; et al. (2007). "Variants in the Ca V 2.3 (alpha 1E) subunit of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians". Diabetes. 56 (12): 3089–94. doi:10.2337/db07-0587. PMID 17720895.
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External links
- CACNA1E+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- R-Type+Calcium+Channel at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)